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为探究樱桃中花色苷、维生素C及其蛋白质提取工艺并进行优化,选择以柠檬酸提取法、酸性乙醇提取法和超声辅助萃取法提取花色苷;以磷酸萃取法、草酸萃取法和超声辅助萃取法提取维生素C;以超声辅助萃取法、蛋白质碱提酸沉法和蛋白质盐析法提取蛋白质。结果表明,超声辅助萃取法提取花色苷的提取率最高,为5.316 9mg/100 g;磷酸萃取法提取的维生素C提取率最高,为7.66 mg/100 g;超声辅助萃取法提取的蛋白质提取率最高,为351.9 mg/100 g,通过全波长扫描确定提取出的蛋白质中含有铁和硫元素。 相似文献
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以长白山元蘑子实体为原料,构建超声辅助提取元蘑蛋白质的最佳工艺,并对蛋白质的结构进行初步分析。以元蘑蛋白质提取率为指标,在单因素试验基础上利用响应面对提取条件进行优化,并分析比较不同提取方法对元蘑蛋白氨基酸组成、红外光谱以及蛋白微观结构的影响。结果表明,元蘑蛋白超声辅助提取最佳条件为料液比1:85(g/mL)、超声功率350W、提取时间60 min、NaOH碱液浓度0.14 mol/L,提取率达26.83%;超声碱提蛋白的氨基酸含量高于常规碱提以及常规水提方法;不同提取方法元蘑蛋白的空间结构、表面和粒度大小均有一定差异。元蘑蛋白提取的方法对含量组成及结构均有影响,超声辅助碱提法最有利于元蘑蛋白的提取。 相似文献
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以茶渣为原料,采用超声波技术辅助提取茶渣蛋白质,考察了超声功率、超声频率、超声温度、超声时间、碱液浓度、料液比对茶渣蛋白质提取率的影响,并以响应曲面法优化工艺条件;比较分析了超声辅助碱提和热水浴碱提茶渣蛋白质提取率的差异。结果表明,超声波辅助提取茶渣蛋白质最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率300 W、超声频率为26Hz、超声温度54℃、超声时间61min、碱液浓度0.35mol/L、料液质量比比1g∶27mL,在此条件下,茶渣蛋白质一次提取率为86.50%,超声碱提相对于热水浴碱提,一次提取率提高了37.2%。 相似文献
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以毛酸浆籽为原料,以蛋白质提取率为指标,在超声功率、提取温度、提取时间和提取液pH等单因素实验基础上,通过正交试验优化超声辅助提取毛酸浆籽蛋白质的最佳提取工艺条件,并分析了该蛋白质的溶解性、乳化性和起泡性。结果表明:影响毛酸浆籽蛋白质提取率的各因素的主次顺序为:提取温度>超声功率>提取液pH>提取时间;当料液比为1:15(g/mL)时,超声辅助处理提取毛酸浆籽蛋白质的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度50 ℃,超声功率300 W、提取液pH 9.0,提取时间50 min,此工艺条件下,毛酸浆籽蛋白质的提取率可达90.45%±0.16%。超声辅助提取的毛酸浆籽蛋白质在pH为10.0时,溶解性和乳化性最好,其氮溶解指数为58.32%,乳化性达到68.94 m2/g,在pH 7.0时其起泡性最好,为43%。该提取工艺能高效地提取毛酸浆籽中蛋白质,为该蛋白质的进一步应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry — A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies》2008,9(2):161-169
Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) process enhancement for food and allied industries are reported in this review. This includes herbal, oil, protein and bioactives from plant and animal materials (e.g. polyphenolics, anthocyanins, aromatic compounds, polysaccharides and functional compounds) with increased yield of extracted components, increased rate of extraction, achieving reduction in extraction time and higher processing throughput. Ultrasound can enhance existing extraction processes and enable new commercial extraction opportunities and processes. New UAE processing approaches have been proposed, including, (a) the potential for modification of plant cell material to provide improved bioavailability of micro-nutrients while retaining the natural-like quality, (b) simultaneous extraction and encapsulation, (c) quenching of the radical sonochemistry especially in aqueous systems to avoid degradation of bioactives and (d) potential use of the radical sonochemistry to achieve targeted hydroxylation of polyphenolics and carotenoids to increase bioactivity.Industrial relevanceThe application of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) in food processing technology is of interest for enhancing extraction of components from plant and animal materials. This review shows that UAE technology can potentially enhance extraction of components such as polyphenolics, anthocyanins, aromatic compounds, polysaccharides, oils and functional compounds when used as a pre-treatment step in a unit process. The higher yield obtained in these UAE processes are of major interest from an industrial point of view, since the technology is an “add on” step to the existing process with minimum alteration, application in aqueous extraction where organic solvents can be replaced with generally recognised as safe (GRAS) solvents, reduction in solvent usage, and shortening the extraction time. The use of ultrasonic for extraction purposes in high-cost raw materials is an economical alternative to traditional extraction processes, which is an industry demand for a sustainable development. 相似文献
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单宁酸具有抗氧化、抑菌、抗病毒等活性,可与蛋白质结合形成复合物,改变蛋白质的结构和功能性质。本文首先阐述了单宁酸-蛋白质相互作用的机理;其次介绍了二者互作的影响因素,单宁酸和蛋白质的相互作用结果取决于蛋白质的类型、单宁酸的构象及二者互作的环境条件,如温度、pH、离子类型和其他加工条件;进而总结了单宁酸对蛋白质结构和功能特性的研究进展及在食品领域的应用,并基于此对单宁酸-蛋白质复合物未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为单宁酸在食品加工中的应用和改善蛋白质的功能特性提供参考。 相似文献
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Effects of Microwave and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction on the Recovery of Soy Proteins for Soy Allergen Detection 下载免费PDF全文
The extraction of soy proteins for soy allergen detections is conventionally achieved with PBS buffer for at least 2 h at room temperature or 4 °C. This method has been reported to be inefficient due to time consumption and inadequate protein extraction resulting in false negative allergen detection and mislabeling of foods containing allergenic proteins. This study investigated the application of microwave (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) techniques to extract and improve recovery of allergens from various soy matrices. Soy proteins were extracted from raw soy flour, soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy milk using MAE at 60, 70, and 100 °C for 5 and 10 min and UAE at 4 and 23 °C for extraction times of 1, 5, and 10 min with PBS, Laemmli and urea buffers. Extracts were analyzed for total proteins, protein profile, and antibody‐based detection (ELISA) of soy proteins. Conventional extraction with each of the buffers was used as controls. Overall, proteins recovered from MAE and UAE samples were higher than recoveries from the controls in all soy matrices. Under all extraction conditions, Laemmli and urea buffer recovered more proteins than PBS. Electrophoresis analysis of protein showed bands around 75, 50, and 33 kDa indicating the presence of soy allergenic proteins β‐conglycinin and glycinin, in all samples. Using sandwich ELISA, control and UAE extracts resulted in high soy protein detection but this reduced in MAE extracts. 相似文献
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大豆蛋白作为一种高分子蛋白质,具有良好双亲性和表面活性,可通过在油水界面形成粘弹性蛋白层的方式在乳液中起到乳化作用,从而提高乳液体系的稳定性。高压均质技术是一种通过静高压和均质阀产生的综合效应从而改变蛋白质的结构和加工特性的新型非热加工技术,可以制备纳米级的大豆蛋白乳液。本文聚焦大豆蛋白乳液,阐述了高压均质制备大豆蛋白乳液的过程以及均质条件的影响,分析总结了高压均质处理对大豆蛋白乳液结构(粒径、ζ-电位、空间结构)和功能特性(流变特性、乳化性能和凝胶性能)影响的国内外研究进展及作用机理。最后,针对目前研究进展对高压均质在大豆蛋白乳液的加工应用做出展望,以期为大豆蛋白乳液的研究提供一定的帮助。 相似文献
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在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验对昆布多糖的提取条件进行优化,并对比分析热水浸提法、超声辅助提取法和复合酶法3 种方法提取的昆布多糖的理化性质和抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,优化后昆布多糖的提取条件为,热水浸提法:提取温度85 ℃、提取时间5 h、料液比1∶80(g/mL),此条件下多糖平均提取率为5.97%;超声辅助提取法:超声功率500 W、超声时间10 min、料液比1∶90(g/mL),此条件下多糖平均提取率为5.81%;复合酶法:木瓜蛋白酶75 U/g、果胶酶15 000 U/g、纤维素酶108 000 U/g、pH 5、温度50 ℃、料液比1∶70(g/mL)、时间3 h,此条件下多糖平均提取率为14.29%。不同提取方法对昆布多糖的成分有显著影响,复合酶法提取的昆布多糖的溶解性显著优于水浴和超声提取。提取的昆布多糖中均具有少量蛋白质或多肽存在,并且具有三股螺旋结构。噻唑蓝(MTT)实验表明,不同提取方法得到的昆布多糖具有不同的抗肿瘤活性,其中超声辅助提取多糖对人肺癌细胞A549的抑制作用最强,而复合酶法所得多糖对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的抑制效果最好。 相似文献