核反应堆物理确定论计算程序系统NECP软件包的研发与应用

NECP软件包是西安交通大学反应堆物理团队开发的确定论核反应堆物理计算程序系统,软件包包括自主化的NECP-Atlas、Bamboo、X和SARAX程序。NECP软件包经过了大量的验证与确认。数值结果表明,NECP软件包精度高,可满足不同反应堆物理计算需求,具有高度的通用性并实现了对压水堆的高保真建模和计算。目前程序已应用于我国大型压水堆项目、示范快堆项目等重点工程。应用结果表明,NECP软件包已达到甚至优于国际先进核设计程序水平,对我国核电软件自主化和核设计能力提升具有重要的意义。     

核反应堆物理确定论计算程序系统NECP软件包的研发与应用

NECP软件包是西安交通大学反应堆物理团队开发的确定论核反应堆物理计算程序系统,软件包包括自主化的NECP-Atlas、Bamboo、X和SARAX程序。NECP软件包经过了大量的验证与确认。数值结果表明,NECP软件包精度高,可满足不同反应堆物理计算需求,具有高度的通用性并实现了对压水堆的高保真建模和计算。目前程序已应用于我国大型压水堆项目、示范快堆项目等重点工程。应用结果表明,NECP软件包已达到甚至优于国际先进核设计程序水平,对我国核电软件自主化和核设计能力提升具有重要的意义。     

CAP1400数值反应堆系统关键技术研究及示范应用

本文系统介绍了“大型先进压水堆及高温气冷堆核电站”国家科技重大专项课题“CAP1400数值反应堆关键技术研究”的主要研究成果。课题首先分别开发了基于确定论方法和蒙特卡罗方法的高保真堆芯物理计算程序,然后开发了pin by pin先进子通道分析程序和基于精细网格的燃料棒性能分析程序,以此为基础建立了物理 热工 燃料性能多物理耦合的CAP1400数值反应堆系统。利用国际基准题VERA、AP1000启动物理实验参数对数值反应堆系统进行了验证和确认,并进一步实现了CAP1400大型先进压水堆的启动物理参数、循环模拟分析和部分功率能力分析的示范应用。数值结果表明,所开发的数值反应堆关键分析软件具有很高的计算精度,可直接服务于CAP1400的设计验证、物理启动和运行支持。     

反应堆核-热-燃耗多物理耦合框架研究与应用

近年来随着高性能计算技术的不断发展,依托先进的超级计算机和数学物理计算方法,对核反应堆开展多物理、多尺度计算成为前沿研究热点。根据反应堆堆芯多物理耦合分析需求,研究了多物理耦合算法,构建了基于中子输运、燃耗、热工子通道的堆芯多物理耦合系统,完成耦合程序开发,实现中子物理、燃耗、热工子通道的多物理耦合计算。利用压水堆组件模型与快堆模型开展输运-燃耗耦合计算测试和核-热耦合计算测试,初步验证了耦合系统功能。     

六角形布置反应堆高保真物理计算方法研究与验证

俄罗斯商用压水堆VVER和大多数实验堆均采用了六角形紧凑型栅格布置,为了实现VVER和六角形实验堆的高保真数值模拟分析,本文基于数值反应堆物理计算程序（NECP-X）开展了六角形堆芯高保真计算方法研究和程序开发。首先,将全局-局部耦合共振自屏计算方法拓展至六角形堆芯,实现六角形堆芯燃料棒的全堆芯高精度共振计算;其次,基于2D/1D耦合输运计算方法研究了六角形堆芯的高保真计算方法;最后,为了提高全堆芯计算的计算效率,研究了基于区域分解松耦合的非结构网格的粗网有限差分（CMFD）加速方法,可以实现以矩形、六角形和其他多边形栅元为基础的pin-by-pin CMFD 加速。为了验证六角形堆芯高保真计算方法的精度和效率,计算了六角形C5G7基准问题,并分析了六角形输运计算方法的计算精度和CMFD方法的加速效果;将NECP-X程序应用于西安脉冲堆的2D全堆芯计算,与蒙特卡罗程序的结果对比表明NECP-X程序计算得到的特征值和功率分布均具有较高精度。因此,本文建立的六角形堆芯高保真计算方法可以应用于六角形堆芯的分析计算。      

压水堆燃料辐照性能多物理耦合并行分析程序开发

核燃料元件是反应堆的核心部件,其性能影响反应堆的安全性与经济性,利用燃料元件性能分析程序开展燃料堆内稳态辐照性能分析对于燃料设计及安全评价具有重要意义。通过开发燃料温度分布、变形计算、裂变气体释放及内压等模型,结合燃料元件热工-力学多物理耦合计算分析耦合方案,基于先进并行计算方法构建了高性能并行化燃料性能分析程序Athena。利用典型商用压水堆核电站数据及同类程序计算结果进行了程序初步验证,结果表明Athena程序计算结果合理可靠。通过定义堆芯功率及热工水力边界条件,程序能够并行开展压水堆全堆芯燃料辐照性能分析,提高燃料辐照性能分析效率,是数值反应堆原型系统（CVR1.0）的重要组成。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法和CFD方法的物理-热工耦合计算

基于蒙特卡罗中子输运程序MCNP5和商用CFD软件STAR-CCM+的耦合可搭建反应堆高保真多物理耦合计算平台。通过Perl语言以ASCⅡ文本文件方式耦合了MCNP5和STAR-CCM+,利用STAR-CCM+的六面体网格生成模块“trimmer”实现两者在反馈作用强烈的燃料和慢化剂区域一一对应的空间网格划分,而在反馈作用较弱的包壳区域采取体积权重的网格映射方式,在Linux环境下开发了高保真物理-热工耦合稳态分析程序。利用该耦合程序计算了典型压水堆单根燃料棒和3×3带水洞的燃料子组件,数值结果表明,本文建立的耦合方法和模型可用于高保真物理-热工耦合计算。     

双环路压水堆非对称入口条件下物理-热工特性研究

双环路压水堆存在反应堆入口流量、温度不对称的非正常运行工况。本文建立了基于CFD方法的反应堆整体三维流场模型,并耦合中子动力学计算程序和RELAP5程序,对这种非对称入口条件下的反应堆物理-热工特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明：反应堆入口流量不对称会加剧堆芯入口流量分配的不均匀性,并进一步导致局部功率变化,对反应堆安全不利;在入口温度不对称的条件下,冷却剂在下腔室的混合非常不充分,并导致堆芯入口温度分布不均匀,引起局部功率变化较大,对反应堆安全不利。     

基于R2S方法的反应堆结构材料活化剂量计算研究

反应堆结构材料在堆芯中子辐照下由于中子活化反应而产生大量的放射性核素,其衰变光子是反应堆停堆检修、换料、退役过程中工作人员职业照射剂量的重要来源。本文基于严格两步法（R2S）,研究了反应堆结构材料栅元活化计算方法,并基于蒙卡粒子输运程序（MCNP）与点活化计算程序（ORIGEN）建立了反应堆结构材料活化剂量计算软件（MOCA）。通过开发功能接口与数据接口程序实现输运程序与活化计算程序的自动耦合,进而实现“中子输运-活化分析-剂量计算”全自动耦合分析。利用M5包壳活化计算模型、不锈钢活化计算模型和NUREG/CR-6115压水堆模型对MOCA进行基准验证,证明了MOCA的正确性与可靠性。      

基于CFD的反应堆局部三维流动模型与时空中子动力学模型耦合研究

利用CFD分析软件ANSYS11 CFX的用户接口编程技术,研究了CFX与三维时空中子动力学模型的耦合问题,并对压水堆稳态下局部三维流动行为和三维物理特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明,该方法能够更精确地研究堆内物理与热工水力行为复杂的关系,计算结果可为反应堆设计和运行分析提供有益的参考。     

基于启明星Ⅱ号的铅基堆核数据宏观检验

为提高铅基堆中子学模拟的可靠性,基于启明星Ⅱ号铅基零功率反应堆,开展铅基堆相关核数据的入堆宏观基准检验研究。采用周期法测量堆芯反应性,进而获得有效增殖因数keff为1001 14±0000 07。采用MCNP程序对铅基堆进行精细化建模,结合不同数据库内的中子评价核数据,计算实验燃料棒装载下的铅基堆芯的keff。比较结果可知,4种截面库计算的铅基堆keff模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,最大相对偏差小于1%,其中,ENDF/B Ⅶ.1库的模拟结果与实验结果吻合最好,相对偏差和绝对偏差分别为025%和251 pcm。通过计算关键材料元素核数据引起keff的变化量,可知铅元素核数据引起的堆芯keff结果的波动量最大,在CENDL 31和JENDL 40中的铅元素引起keff的波动值分别为219 pcm和166 pcm。     

基于统计抽样的压水堆燃料组件性能分析不确定度量化研究

为能在给出数值模拟结果的同时提供置信区间,本文开展了压水堆燃料性能分析、组件燃耗和热工水力学分析计算的不确定度量化研究。采用西安交通大学自主开发的不确定度分析程序平台NECP UNICORN,分别耦合了轻水堆燃料性能分析程序FEMAXI、压水堆群常数计算程序NECP Bamboo Lattice和热工水力子通道程序CTF。首先针对不同物理过程的特点,分析需要考虑的不确定度来源。然后针对核数据协方差矩阵稀疏且不满秩的特点,应用COST方法以减少样本量。结果表明,对于燃料性能分析,边界条件、几何参数和材料性质对燃料中心温度有显著影响。对于燃耗过程,核数据和几何参数对特征值、功率分布、两群常数和核子密度的不确定度有显著影响。对于热工水力分析过程,边界条件、几何参数和模型系数对冷却剂温度和包壳温度的不确定度有较大影响。针对每种物理场,分别量化其输入输出参数的不确定度,对于后续量化复杂系统多物理耦合过程的不确定度具有重要意义。     

压水堆重反射层堆芯核热耦合高精度计算分析研究

重反射层的应用可提高反应堆中子经济性,其结构和中子吸收特性均与压水堆常规围板/反射层差异较大,因此对核设计程序的计算分析能力提出了新的要求。为分析重反射层建模方案对堆芯中子学计算结果的影响,使用先进中子学程序SCAP N和确定论堆芯高保真模拟程序NECP X对压水堆重反射层问题进行了高保真模拟,分析了5种反射层建模方案下计算结果的差异,并将高精度计算结果与商用核设计程序系统进行了对比。数值结果表明,重反射层水洞内冷却剂温度变化对计算结果影响较小;相较精确建模方案,重反射层铁水打混建模方案造成的反应性计算偏差在±30 pcm以内、组件相对功率分布计算偏差在±2%以内。     

keff uncertainty quantification and analysis due to nuclear data during the full lifetime burnup calculation for a small-sized prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor

To benefit from recent advances in modeling and computational algorithms,as well as the availability of new covariance data,sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are needed to quantify the impact of uncertain sources on the design parameters of small prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).In particular,the contribution of nuclear data to the keff uncertainty is an important part of the uncertainty analysis of small-sized HTGR physical calculations.In this study,a small-sized HTGR designed by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.was selected for keff uncertainty analysis during full lifetime burnup calculations.Models of the cold zero power(CZP)condition and full lifetime burnup process were constructed using the Reactor Monte Carlo Code RMC for neutron transport calculation,depletion calculation,and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.For the sensitivity analysis,the Contribution-Linked eigenvalue sensitivity/Uncertainty estimation via Track length importance Characterization(CLUTCH)method was applied to obtain sensitive infor-mation,and the"sandwich"method was used to quantify the keff uncertainty.We also compared the keff uncertainties to other typical reactors.Our results show that 235U is the largest contributor to keff uncertainty for both the CZP and depletion conditions,while the contribution of 239Pu is not very significant because of the design of low discharge burnup.It is worth noting that the radioactive capture reaction of 28Si significantly contributes to the keff uncer-tainty owing to its specific fuel design.However,the keff uncertainty during the full lifetime depletion process was relatively stable,only increasing by 1.12％owing to the low discharge burnup design of small-sized HTGRs.These numerical results are beneficial for neutronics design and core parameters optimization in further uncertainty prop-agation and quantification study for small-sized HTGR.     

keff uncertainty quantification and analysis due to nuclear data during the full lifetime burnup calculation for a small-sized prismatic high temperature gas-cooled reactor

To benefit from recent advances in modeling and computational algorithms,as well as the availability of new covariance data,sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are needed to quantify the impact of uncertain sources on the design parameters of small prismatic high-temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTGRs).In particular,the contribution of nuclear data to the keff uncertainty is an important part of the uncertainty analysis of small-sized HTGR physical calculations.In this study,a small-sized HTGR designed by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.was selected for keff uncertainty analysis during full lifetime burnup calculations.Models of the cold zero power(CZP)condition and full lifetime burnup process were constructed using the Reactor Monte Carlo Code RMC for neutron transport calculation,depletion calculation,and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis.For the sensitivity analysis,the Contribution-Linked eigenvalue sensitivity/Uncertainty estimation via Track length importance Characterization(CLUTCH)method was applied to obtain sensitive infor-mation,and the"sandwich"method was used to quantify the keff uncertainty.We also compared the keff uncertainties to other typical reactors.Our results show that 235U is the largest contributor to keff uncertainty for both the CZP and depletion conditions,while the contribution of 239Pu is not very significant because of the design of low discharge burnup.It is worth noting that the radioactive capture reaction of 28Si significantly contributes to the keff uncer-tainty owing to its specific fuel design.However,the keff uncertainty during the full lifetime depletion process was relatively stable,only increasing by 1.12％owing to the low discharge burnup design of small-sized HTGRs.These numerical results are beneficial for neutronics design and core parameters optimization in further uncertainty prop-agation and quantification study for small-sized HTGR.     

基于灵敏度对比分析SCALE 6.1自带库与CENDL-TMSR-V1数据库

为满足钍基熔盐堆物理设计和钍铀燃料循环物理分析对核数据的需求,中国核数据中心研制了一套钍铀燃料循环专用数据库CENDL-TMSR-V1。本文利用SCALE程序,针对熔盐堆开展了SCALE 6.1自带数据库和CENDL-TMSR-V1库对比分析。结果显示,针对1 GWt钍增殖熔盐堆,利用两个数据库的238群数据计算的不同燃耗下k_eff最大差异约1 200 pcm。结合核数据对keff的灵敏度分析显示,其差异主要由石墨的核数据不同引起的。宏观检验结果显示,CENDL-TMSR-V1库中石墨数据更合理。同时,基于CENDL-TMSR-V1 44群协方差数据,计算得到核数据对初始时刻k_eff总不确定度为1.03%,约为SCALE 6.1自带44群协方差数据库计算结果的2倍,其差异主要由²³³U、²³²Th等核素的协方差数据不同导致。     

Development of a Method for Evaluation of Pin-wise Power Distribution in Fuel Assemblies of Fast Reactors

In the design of fast reactor core with higher burnup and higher linear power, prediction accuracy of burnup history of fuel pin should be upgraded so as to assure fuel integrity without extra design margin under increased neutron fluence and burnup. A method is studied to predict fuel pin-wise power and its burnup history in fast reactors accurately based on an analytic solution of diffusion theory equation on hexagonal geometry with boundary condition from core calculation by finite-differenced diffusion calculation code. The present method is applied to a fast reactor core model, and its accuracy in predicting fuel pin power is tested. The result is compared with the reference solution by the finite difference calculation with very fine mesh. It is found that the present method predicts the power peaking factors in fuel assemblies accurately. The fuel pin-wise nuclide depletion calculation is also done using neutron fluxes for each fuel pin. The result shows that the fuel pin-wise depletion calculation is very important in predicting the burnup history of the fuel assembly in detail.     

VVER-1000 neutronics calculation with ENDF/B-VII data

The initial release of the ENDF/B-VII nuclear data library is verified for VVER-1000 reactors. For neutronics calculation, the MCNP code based on the Monte-Carlo method is applied. Continuous-energy cross-sections for use with MCNP are calculated with the NJOY code. Isotopics for burned fuel is calculated with the WIMSD code. Calculated criticality, pin-to-pin power distribution, time-dependent critical concentration of soluble boron, worth of the control rods, average fuel assembly powers and time-dependent axial power distribution are compared to the corresponding experimental values for both zero-power VVER-1000 model, created at the LR-0 experimental facility, and the first fuel cycle of a real VVER-1000 reactor. For all of these parameters, neutronics calculation with ENDF/B-VII is in good agreement with the measurement. Moreover, for VVER-1000 neutronics calculation, ENDF/B-VII provides better results than ENDF/B-VI.