Steel casting nozzles with insert feeders for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The feeding devices of the design described satisfy the requirements for single-jet continuous casting of steel with high or low consumption, and also with multijet and low consumption of metal (up to 150 kg/min).In the conditions described, the most successful proved to be the inserts made from zircon.It is desirable to test feeding devices of the design described in working conditions for continuous casting with the aim of establishing the possibility of using them on a wide scale.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 31–36, January, 1966.     

Service of zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The Chasov-yar Refractories Combine has introduced a technology developed by UNIIO for making zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting equipment. Zircon nozzles possess a high erosion resistance and give a more stable casting for killed and unkilled steels compared with other types of nozzle. Tightening of the nozzles when pouring killed steel depends on a number of factors (amount of reducing agent, casting temperature, chemical composition of the steel, refractory, etc.) and requires further study.T. M. Vysotskaya-Kvitko took part in the work.     

Service of zircon nozzles for continuous casting of converter steel

Conclusions In the continuous casting of converter steel without replacing the intermediate ladle between heats there is an increase in the resistance of the zircon nozzles. Wear somewhat increases with an increase in the number of heats from one to two, after which there is practically no change up to four heats.It became clear that an increase in the density of the zircon nozzles reduces their erosion.The nature of the erosion of zircon nozzles during continuous casting of converter steel does not alter, compared with the previously known character.With the use of zircon nozzles in the Red Army Silica Factory for rates 0.7 m/min, it is possible to cast without braking the jet of steel with the stopper.S. Z. Afonin, E. I. Ermolaeva, V. V. Parfenteva, V. D. Ryazantsev, and T. K. Chirkina took part in the work.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 20–23, January, 1968.     

Service of zircon-containing nozzles for use in continuous steel casting plant

Summary During service in the casting of killed steel, zirconium containing nozzles took on a zonal structure. The least changed zone of the nozzles is scarcely distinguishable from the refractories before service. The working zones during service are saturated with oxides of iron, manganese, aluminum, silicon and titanium, and their amount is strictly related to the compositon and quantity of deoxidant.Highly refractory nozzles of ZrO₂ and made of a mixture of ZrO₂ and zircon, possessing a higher apparent porosity, acquire a larger working zone than nozzles made of zircon with clay additions.The dense working zone is more rapidly formed in nozzles made of zircon and clay. The oxides adsorbed in the pores of the refractory contribute to the tightening up of the aperture of the nozzles.Zircon nozzles with clay additions used at the Donets Steel Mill proved to have excellent wear resistance and the lowest tendency to closing up when casting low-carbon killed steels and can be recommended for permanent use in continuous steel casting plants.     

Life of nozzles in continuous steel casting

Conclusions The lining of intermediate ladles should be heated up to 1300 or 1400° in order to prevent the steel cooling excessively and in order to reduce the thermal shock experienced by refractories when the metal is being tapped.The best results in continuous pouring of boiling steel are shown by chamotte nozzles with high-alumina inserts, and these are recommended for use.In the continuous pouring of killed steel, the least filling in is observed in chamotte nozzles with zirconium inserts and with a clay-graphite layer; the clay-graphite layer, nevertheless, wears out more easily and this gives rise to an increase in the steel pouring rate.The main reason for the closure of the stoppers is the formation on the working surface of a vitreous crust containing mullite, corundum, spinel formed by the aluminum added to deoxidize the steel.     

铸钢用高通量复合水口的开发

随着铸钢工艺技术的发展,要求铸钢用水口在使用条件下具有安全可靠性和高的使用寿命。本实验通过研究不同材质铝碳、镁碳及尖晶石-碳的性能,成功地开发出高通量复合水口,它在大型钢包上使用后安全可靠、寿命高。     

Composite nozzles for casting boiling steel in continuous steel-casting units

Conclusions A technology was devised for the manufacture of composite nozzles for casting boiling steel in continuous steel-casting units. The composite nozzle consists of porous chamotte nozzle (holder) and a high-alumina, magnesite or zircon liner (working part).The composite nozzles with high-alumina liners showed greater durability than other liners during the tests.     

Plugs and nozzles for intermediate ladles in continuous steel casting with automatic jet control

Conclusions We prepared and tested in service refractories satisfying the requirements of automatic casting from the intermediate ladle in continuous steel-casting plants. The high-alumina conical plugs and unfired magnesite inserts fixed to fireclay nozzles can be recommended for further use.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 32–35, January, 1970.