AZ31镁合金热变形流动应力预测模型

采用近等温单轴压缩实验获得了AZ3l镁合金变形温度为523 723 K,应变速率为0.01—10 s^-1条件下的流动应力,分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动应力的影响规律.结果表明,AZ31镁合金变形过程中发生了动态再结晶,523 K时形成细小组织;而723 K时动态再结晶和长大的晶粒沿径向拉长.考虑实验过程塑性变形功和摩擦功引起的温度升高,在高应变速率条件下采用温度补偿修正了流动应力.在此基础上,建立了基于双曲正弦模型的峰值流动应力和统一本构关系,该模型利用材料参数耦合应变来描述流动应力的应变敏感性,进一步获得了合金热变形过程中流动应力与变形温度、应变速率和应变的定量关系.采用该本构关系模型预测流动应力具有较高的精度,预测值与实测值相关系数为0.976,平均相对误差为5.07%,实验条件范围内预测的流动应力与实验值几乎能保持一致.     

Flow stress and softening behavior of wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B at elevated temperature

1　INTRODUCTIONThewroughtmagnesiumalloyshaveexcellentspecificstrengthandstiffness ,machinability ,dampcapacity ,dimensionalstability ,lowmeltingcostsandare ,hence ,veryattractiveinsuchapplicationsasau tomobile ,aviation ,electronicandcommunicationin dustry[16 ] .Investigationsontheflowstressandsofteningbehaviorofmagnesiumalloysathigherformingtem peratureandstrainratehavebeenanimportantsub jectinwroughtmagnesiumalloysforming[710 ] .InthispapertheflowstressandsofteningbehaviorofAZ31Bdeform…     

AZ31镁合金位错密度模型及热压缩的微观组织预测

通过热压缩实验研究AZ31镁合金挤压杆料在变形温度300、400和500℃,应变速率0.1、0.01和0.001 s^?1条件下的流变行为,基于Arrhenius方程建立流变应力的本构模型,其中激活能Q为132.45 kJ/mol,应变硬化系数n为4.67。依据AZ31镁合金高温变形中的动态再结晶(Dynamic recrystallization,DRX)机理和位错密度演化规律,建立宏观变形?微观组织多尺度耦合的位错密度模型,该模型能够反映热加工过程中的加工硬化、动态回复(Dynamic recovery,DRV)、低角晶界(Low angle grain boundaries,LAGB)和高角晶界(High angle grain boundaries,HAGB)等机制的交互作用。利用ABAQUS的VUSDFLD子程序进行热压缩过程的有限元模拟,获得DRX分数、LAGB和HAGB位错密度的数值模拟结果以及压缩载荷。结果表明:实验载荷与模拟结果基本吻合,本文提出的AZ31镁合金位错密度模型是合理的。     

AZ31镁合金挤压板材的中温变形机理及软化机制(英文)

研究AZ31镁合金挤压板材在473～523K的温度范围内。应变速率0.001～1.0s-1压缩时的流变应力行为,计算板材沿挤压方向压缩时的激活能,并结合光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜探讨合金软化机制和变形机理之间的联系。结果表明,在中温下沿挤压方向压缩时,AZ31挤压态镁合金的变形激活能为174.18kJ/mol。这说明,由热激活位错交滑移所控制的动态再结晶是合金中温变形的主要软化机制。位错滑移是中温变形的主要变形机理,而孪生的作用则不大。其主要的动态再结晶机制为持续动态再结晶,并伴随少量的孪生动态再结晶。     

Analysis on flow stress of magnesium alloys during high temperature deformation

The flow stress of magnesium alloys during hot compression at different temperatures and strain rates was studied by experiments.Materials used were AZ91D alloys in as-cast,homogeneous treatment states,AZ31 and ZK60 alloys in as-cast state. The results show that the thermal simulation curves of different alloys differ from one another at the same deforming condition.The general curves of AZ31 and AZ91D alloys have the character of dynamic recrystallization.There are increase of true stress,drastic fallin...     

AZ31B镁合金塑性变形动态再结晶的实验研究

通过不同应变速率和不同温度下的轴对称压缩试验,研究了AZ31B镁合金塑性变形与动态再结晶的相互依赖关系。研究证实,温度T在200℃～400℃区间、变形程度ε约0.2左右时,开始出现动态再结晶(DRX)现象。随变形程度的增加,DRX晶粒不断增多,材料呈现明显的软化趋势,流动应力下降。当DRX过程完成以后,继续变形,材料又出现硬化行为。为镁合金塑性变形组织演变的定量研究打下了基础。     

Hot-compression constitutive relation of as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy

In hot-compression process, the various factors have obvious effects on the deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy deformation behavior. To understand the hot-compression constitutive relation thoroughly, the stress-strain behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy at various strain rates and different deformation temperatures were investigated under maximum strain of 60%. The microstructure of the experimental alloy was studied in the hot-compression procedure. The experimental results show that the relation of peak flow stress, strain rate and temperature can be described by Z parameter which contains Arrheniues item. The strain rate and the deformation temperature are the key parameters affecting deformation activation energy.     

应变影响的AZ31B镁合金流动应力预测模型研究

本文采用热压缩试验获得了铸态AZ31B镁合金高温变形时的流变曲线,分析了变形温度和应变速率对流动应力的影响。结果表明：峰值应变随着应变速率增加和温度减小而增大,减小应变速率、适当提高变形温度对材料的动态回复和再结晶是有利的。利用多元回归分析建立了流动应力预测模型,该模型可以描述流动应力的应变敏感性,经验证发现使用其预测流动应力具有较高精度,相关系数高达0.9926,能较好地描述铸态AZ31B镁合金在热变形过程的流动行为。     

AZ80合金高温变形行为及加工图

为实现AZ80合金塑性成形的数值模拟和制定其合理的热加工工艺,利用热模拟机对AZ80合金进行不同变形温度和应变速率的高温压缩变形行为研究.结果表明:AZ80合金的高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态回复和动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;在真应力-应变曲线基础上,建立的AZ80合金高温变形的本构模型较好地表征其高温流变特性,模型计算精度高;同时,利用建立的AZ80合金的DMM加工图分析其变形机制和失稳机制,从提高零件力学性能角度考虑,可以优先选择变形温度为300～350 ℃、应变速率为0.001～0.01 s-1的工艺参数.     

工业态AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形行为

研究了工业态AZ31镁合金在温度 6 2 3～ 72 3K和应变速率 1× 10 -5～ 1× 10 -3 s-1范围内的超塑性变形行为。结果表明 ,工业态AZ31镁合金表现出良好的超塑性 ,其最高断裂延伸率达到 314%,应变速率敏感指数达 0 .4。显微组织观察和断口分析表明 ,工业态AZ31镁合金超塑变形主要由晶界滑动机制所控制 ,同时 ,动态再结晶也是合金超塑变形的一种协同机制。     

多向锻造对变形镁合金AZ31组织和力学性能的影响

文章采用不同锻造工艺对电磁连铸变形镁合金AZ31铸锭进行了多向锻造研究。结果表明,通过大变形的多向锻造后,变形镁合金AZ31可以得到有效细化,多向锻造有利于变形镁合金发生再结晶,锻造后变形镁合金AZ31最终得到均匀细小的等轴晶组织。工艺3得到最好的综合性能,锻造后变形镁合金AZ31硬度和抗拉强度分别提高了22.5%和33.5%,延伸率也有所提高。多向锻造后,室温拉伸试样的断口形貌出现大量的韧窝,表现为剪切断裂为主的韧性断裂。     

脉冲电流对AZ31镁合金显微组织及拉伸变形行为的影响

为改善镁合金塑性变形能力,在AZ31镁合金的拉伸变形中引入高密度脉冲电流,研究了脉冲电流对合金显微组织及拉伸变形行为的影响规律,并探讨了其机理。结果表明,与未加脉冲电流拉伸相比,施加脉冲电流的AZ31镁合金的变形抗力显著降低,并且随脉冲电流密度的提高,其变形抗力下降的幅度增大。施加脉冲电流的合金在拉伸过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶,再结晶晶粒细小均匀,从而降低了合金的变形抗力。这是由于脉冲电流可以提高原子通量、促进原子扩散、加快小角亚晶向大角度亚晶转变,从而促进了合金的动态再结晶。另一方面,脉冲电流产生的电效应能够改变位错的激活能,使其容易克服滑移面上的障碍,增加位错可动性,从而提高合金塑性变形能力。     

AZ80镁合金塑性变形行为及等温挤压过程仿真

在温度为400℃～450℃、应变速率为0.01s-1～50s-1变形条件下,研究了AZ80镁合金的塑性变形行为,讨论了变形温度及应变速率对该合金热变形行为的影响,分析了该合金管材等温挤压的有限元模拟。研究发现,AZ80镁合金晶粒大小随温度的升高而增大,随应变速率的升高而减小;在高温变形时,发生连续动态再结晶,再结晶组织相对较均匀;通过调整挤压速度2mm/s～1mm/s,使该合金挤压出口温度维持在400℃～430℃较小范围内波动,从而保证制品的组织性能和尺寸精度的稳定。     

Low cycle fatigue properties and an energy-based approach for as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy

Low cycle fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the cyclic deformation behavior and the energy-based criterion of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The alloy exhibited an asymmetric hysteresis loop due to the twinning and detwinning effect. The cyclic stress responses showed cyclic hardening at all total strain amplitudes. To evaluate the plastic strain energy, the Halford-Morrow equation and a modified equation for magnesium alloy were compared. The effect of twinning on the total plastic strain energy dissipated during fatigue life was discussed. The variations of the twin and dislocation densities were also investigated using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材在退火处理中的组织性能演变

研究了异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材经200～350 ℃退火30～120 min后的组织性能演化.在试验条件下,AZ31镁合金板材在200 ℃退火时,随保温时间的延长,组织的均匀程度和晶粒尺寸没有明显变化;在300 ℃退火30 min,基本完成再结晶过程,获得均匀细小的等轴晶,保温时间增加到60 min时,部分再结晶晶粒长大;在350 ℃退火30 min和60 min,均在完成再结晶的同时晶粒长大;300 ℃退火30 min后AZ31镁合金板材的综合性能较好,室温抗拉强度为315 MPa,伸长率为33.0%.     

基于动态再结晶的铸态AZ31B镁合金本构方程

通过GLEEBLE压缩试验获得铸态AZ31B镁合金真应力应变曲线,本试验从真应力应变曲线出发,通过数值分析获得临界应力应变模型、饱和应力模型和稳态应力模型等多种应力模型。同时,结合位错理论和动态再结晶动力学,根据镁合金在变形过程中发生动态再结晶的临界点,将应力应变曲线分为两段,分别对以动态回复为主的曲线和以动态再结晶为主的曲线建立本构模型,分析并得出了动态再结晶分数与基于动态再结晶下的流变应力之间的变化规律。     

Simulation of strain-softening behaviors in an AZ31 Mg alloy showing distinct twin-induced reorientation before a peak stress

To investigate strain-softening behavior during plastic deformation of an AZ31 Mg alloy, cylindrical specimens were compressed in a rolling direction at 300 °C. Experimental evidence revealed that an inhomogeneous microstructure evolved due to the softening behavior associated with deformation at elevated temperatures. The large grains that reoriented as a result of deformation twinning were free of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Fine grains nucleated at grain boundaries of grains were deformed by a slip-dominated mechanism, which accommodated the external strain. A visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal model was used to simulate softening of the flow stress curve and texture evolution during uniaxial compression. A softening scheme was implemented in the polycrystal model to predict the softening phenomenon and texture evolution after the peak stress. The original VPSC model was modified to simulate texture evolution in an AZ31 Mg alloy that exhibited twin-dominated deformation before the peak stress.     

基于3D CA的AZ31镁合金动态再结晶行为研究

本文建立了三维元胞自动机(3D-CA)模型,通过热压缩试验和电子背散射衍表征技术(EBSD),对AZ31镁合金在热变形过程中的微观组织演化规律进行可视化和定量预测。根据试验得出的真应力-应变曲线,确定了3D-CA模型参数在试验条件下的取值,建立了模型参数与变形条件(应变、变形温度和应变速率)之间的关系。利用所建立的3D-CA模型,对AZ31镁合金在热变形过程中的流动行为和微观组织演化进行模拟和讨论。结果表明:再结晶体积分数随着应变的增大而增加,随着变形温度的增大或应变速率降低而增大,提高应变速率或降低温度可以细化再结晶晶粒。模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,相对误差值在4.5%-16.2%之间,所建立的3D-CA模型能够较准确地预测镁合金AZ31的微观组织演化。     

Effect of Temperature on the Dynamic Recrystallization of AZ31 Alloy with Pulse Current

The tensile tests of AZ31 magnesium alloy were carried out under room temperature, 100, 150 and 200 °C with and without pulse current. The effect of temperature on dynamic recrystallization(DRX) of AZ31 alloy was studied at different conditions. One-parameter approach was used to analyze the critical conditions of DRX, the critical stress was obtained under different temperatures, and the related results were validated by metallography observation. The results showed that DRX of AZ31 alloy occurred at 200 °C without pulse current. When pulse current with 150 Hz/50 V parameter was applied at room temperature, DRX occurred, while DRX was not completed until temperature over 150 °C. With the analysis result of critical conditions of DRX based on one-parameter approach, the relationship between critical stress and peak stress obtained in this present study is σ_c=(0.746–0.773)σ_p.