微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)的蛋白质底物催化特性及其催化机理研究(Ⅰ)MTGase催化单底物蛋白质的聚合特性

采用SDS PAGE结合凝胶成像技术比较了 MTGa se在还原状态下对酪蛋白酸钠(SC)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、大豆球蛋白(glycinin)和β-伴豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin)、β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)和α-乳白蛋白(αLA)等单底物蛋白的聚合效率.结果表明MTGase较易催化SC和BSA聚合,其次为大豆球蛋白,而β-伴豆球蛋白、β-LG和α-LA最不易.根据MTGase催化不同单底物蛋白质的聚合速率的差异,对MTGase催化单底物蛋白质的聚合特性进行了探讨,指出 ①底物蛋白的分子结构对MTGase催化活性的重要性;②蛋白质表面疏水度对MTGase催化活性的重要性;③对蛋白质进行一定的预处理可增强MTGase对蛋白质(特别是球蛋白)的催化活性.     

微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)的蛋白质底物催化特性及其催化机理研究 (I)MTGase催化单底物蛋白质的聚合特性

采用SDS-PAGE结合凝胶成像技术比较了MTGase在还原状态下对酪蛋白酸钠(SC)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、大豆球蛋白(glycinin)和β-伴豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin)、β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)和α-乳白蛋白(α-LA)等单底物蛋白的聚合效率。结果表明MTGase较易催化SC和BSA聚合,其次为大豆球蛋白,而β-伴豆球蛋白、β-LG和α-LA最不易。根据MTGase催化不同单底物蛋白质的聚合速率的差异,对MTGase催化单底物蛋白质的聚合特性进行了探讨,指出:①底物蛋白的分子结构对MTGase催化活性的重要性;②蛋白质表面疏水度对MTGase催化活性的重要性;③对蛋白质进行一定的预处理可增强MTGase对蛋白质(特别是球蛋白)的催化活性。     

微生物转谷氨酰胺酶（MTGase）的蛋白质底物催化特性及其催化机理研究——（1）MTGase催化单底物蛋白质的聚合特性

采用SDS—PAGE结合凝胶成像技术比较了MTGase在还原状态下对酪蛋白酸钠(SC)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、大豆球蛋白(glycinin)和β—伴豆球蛋白(β—conglycinin)、β—乳球蛋白(β—LG)和α—乳白蛋白(α—LA)等单底物蛋白的聚合效率。结果表明MTGase较易催化SC和BSA聚合，其次为大豆球蛋白，而β—伴豆球蛋白、β—LG和α—LA最不易。根据MTGase催化不同单底物蛋白质的聚合速率的差异，对MTGase催化单底物蛋白质的聚合特性进行了探讨，指出：①底物蛋白的分子结构对MTGase催化活性的重要性；②蛋白质表面疏水度对MTGase催化活性的重要性；②对蛋白质进行一定的预处理可增强MTGase对蛋白质(特别是球蛋白)的催化活性。     

酶解对乳清蛋白抗原性影响的研究

研究了酶解对乳清蛋白抗原性的影响。选择了7种常见蛋白酶在同一水解模式下水解乳清蛋白，用竞争ELISA法测定水解物的残留抗原性，从而间接测定其过敏性变化。结果表明，酶解能有效降低乳蛋白抗原性，但水解物仍能与特异抗体反应，保留一部分抗原性。不同酶对乳清蛋白过敏原的影响不同，酶的特异性对乳清蛋白水解物的抗原性有较大的影响，碱性蛋白酶降低乳蛋白抗原性的效果最佳，对抗β-乳球蛋白（β-LG）和抗α-乳白蛋白（α-LA）抗体的抗原性分别降低了50．02％和99．72％。     

乳清分离蛋白与燕麦β-葡聚糖作为增稠剂在酸奶中的应用

将乳清分离蛋白(WPI)与燕麦β-葡聚糖(β-G)以不同比例混合,热处理后添加到酸奶中,研究乳清分离蛋白/燕麦β-葡聚糖热复合物对酸奶理化、质构及感官特性的影响。分别与单独添加WPI、聚合乳清蛋白(PWP)及β-葡聚糖的酸奶样品比较,考察了酸奶的pH值、总可溶性固形物、蛋白和脂肪质量分数、质构、黏度、持水力和感官特性等指标。结果表明,WPI/β-G比例为30∶1,pH值为7.0,85℃条件下加热30 min时得到的复合物,以质量分数为2%的添加量制备酸奶,其黏度、硬度、持水力较高,感官评价较好。综合研究发现,WPI/β-G复合物可有效改善酸奶的凝胶特性及相关的理化指标,增加了酸奶的口感、风味及组织状态,提高了酸奶的品质。     

微生物转谷氨酰胺酶催化大豆11S球蛋白聚合研究

研究了微生物转谷氨酰胺酶（MtGase）催化大豆11S球蛋白的聚合反应条件。研究显示，TGase对11S的不同亚基反应不一样，它只能催化11S酸性亚基聚合，而碱性亚基几乎不受影响。离子强度I＝0．1时TGase催化活性要高于I＝0．5，这可能是酶海性受离子强度的影响。酶浓度范围为10－40U/g对TGase催化11S酸性亚基影响不大。TGase催化11S聚合的最适pH为7．0－8．0，pH过高或过低都不利于该酶反应。而在低于50℃范围内，温度越高TGase催化11S聚合越快达到平衡，37℃反应4h与50℃反应2h聚合效果差不多，而60℃已使TGase几利完全失活。     

超声波协同马克思克鲁维酵母Z17胞内粗酶处理降低乳清蛋白的致敏性

以超声预处理过的乳清蛋白为酶解底物,采用OPA法、ELISA分析等手段,探究马克思克鲁维酵母Z17粗酶水解乳清蛋白、降低乳清蛋白致敏性【以α-乳白蛋白(α-LA)和β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)为抗原性表征】的最优超声预处理-酶解条件。结果表明:乳清蛋白水解度受初始pH值和酶解温度的影响显著,α-LA、β-LG抗原性受初始pH值的影响显著,超声间歇时间和超声功率的交互作用对α-LA、β-LG抗原性影响显著。采用响应面法获得马克思克鲁维酵母Z17转化乳清蛋白的最优酶解条件是:超声间歇时间16 s,超声功率400 W,初始pH 6.16,酶解温度18.48℃,预测α-LA抗原性、β-LG抗原性的降低率达到最大值,分别为65.56%和57.96%。     

酶解作用对牛乳乳清蛋白抗原性影响的研究

为了探明胰蛋白酶水解作用对乳清蛋白致敏性或者抗原性的影响,利用小鼠动物模型从体外和体内两个方面研究了水解作用对乳清蛋白致敏性的影响.结果表明,酶解物中β-乳球蛋白抗原性降低率为53.92％,α-乳白蛋白抗原性降低率为82.31％.酶解组小鼠过敏症状较未水解的乳清分离蛋白(WPI)组相比明显减轻.与WPI组相比,酶解物显著抑制特异性IgE的产生,IgE质量浓度下降了40.55％.血浆组胺实验表明,酶解物降低血浆中组胺的释放,组胺质量浓度比WPI组下降了28.72％.     

反应条件对MTGase催化聚合WPC质构特性的影响

以乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)为原料,探讨了微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(MTGase)催化聚合WPC对其质构特性的影响.结果表明:WPC经微生物转谷氨酰胺酶聚合后,在有还原剂二硫苏糖醇(DTT)存在的条件下,底物WPC质量分数达到8%,酶反应时闻为2 h左右可以获得质构特性较好的凝胶.     

微生物转谷氨酰胺酶的蛋白质底物催化特性及其催化机理研究——(Ⅲ)MTGase催化多底物蛋白的聚合特性

采用SDS-PAGE研究并探讨了微生物转谷氨酰胺酶(Microbial Transglutaminase,MTGase)催化二种异源蛋白质的聚合情形,包括β-乳球蛋白(β-LG)/酪蛋白酸钠(SC)、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)/β-LG、BSA/SC、大豆球蛋白(glycinin)/β-LG、glycinin/SC以及glycinin/BSA。指出:①只有那些表面疏水性相仿的蛋白质才有可能聚合交联;②蛋白空间结构位阻也是不同蛋白交联的限制因素之一;③蛋白质的表面疏水性质或空间结构的改变,会影响MTGase的催化异源蛋白质交联的可能性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press