基于最佳一致性原则的设计表达式分项系数研究

在现行规范设计表达式的基础上,首先根据等超越概率原则,计算了10a至100a设计使用年限内可变荷载的统计参数;其次,校核了现行规范设计表达式隐含的可靠指标,并以此作为确定目标可靠指标的依据;最后,根据最佳一致性优选原则,考虑14种代表性的结构构件、3种可变荷载效应与永久荷载效应的简单组合、不同的可变荷载效应与永久荷载效应的比值,通过概率计算方法优化确定了10a至100a设计使用年限内荷载和抗力的分项系数.设计人员可根据工程实际情况,采用该工程设计使用年限相应的分项系数进行设计.     

建筑结构基于可靠指标的设计方法

按目前规范规定的分项系数进行结构设计时,不同荷载效应比下的可靠指标与目标可靠指标差别较大,并且规范没有建立分项系数与目标可靠指标的函数关系。针对这两个问题,提出了按设计值法确定分项系数的方法;优化分析了敏感性系数的取值,建立了分项系数与可变荷载效应标准值和永久荷载效应标准值比值的简化公式。研究表明,当敏感性系数表示为荷...     

钢筋混凝土结构预期使用期可靠度设计实用方法

考虑钢筋锈蚀对混凝土结构的抗力影响,根据我国现行结构可靠度设计规范设计原理,提出了钢筋混凝土建筑结构预期使用期可靠度设计的实用方法。首先,考虑三种荷载组合以及不同恒荷载与可变荷载效应比影响,给出了代表性钢筋混凝土构件在给定环境下、不同使用期的可靠度分析方法;提出了预期使用期结构设计可靠度水平的确定原则,即预期使用期内结构构件可靠度指标不能低于现行规范的标准;在我国结构可靠度设计表达式基础上引入耐久性折减系数,给出了该系数的确定方法,通过该系数在设计阶段保证和实现预期使用期内结构构件可靠度指标不低于现行规范的标准。最后,通过算例验证了该方法的有效性和简便性。     

我国现行建筑结构设计规范可靠度的校核与分析

根据可靠度校核的非迭代方法推导了检验设计值点是否为设计验算点(理想设计值点)的公式,并建立了可接受设计值点的判断准则。采用非迭代方法对我国现行建筑结构设计规范中的15类典型构件的实际可靠指标进行校核,并对比分析了《建筑结构可靠性设计统一标准》(GB 50068—2018)对荷载分项系数调整带来的构件可靠指标变化。结果表明:荷载分项系数调整后,各类构件的实际可靠指标平均值比目标可靠指标大0.8,比调整前的可靠指标平均提高了0.28;混凝土、砌体和木构件的综合安全系数提高为原来的1.05倍,钢构件的综合安全系数提高为原来的1.07倍。各类构件以及同类构件在不同荷载比例和组合下的实际可靠指标差异很大,"恒荷载+风荷载"组合下构件的可靠指标明显低于"恒荷载+楼面活荷载"组合。不同类型荷载设计值的保证率差异过大是导致可靠指标离散性偏大的主要原因。永久荷载效应比例较大时,多数构件的设计值点不是可接受设计值点,既有建筑结构鉴定时的荷载标准值及荷载分项系数存在优化的空间。     

可变荷载效应占高比重时荷载分项系数取值研究

针对现行可靠度设计统一标准给出的荷载分项系数值对应可变荷载效应比值取值范围较低,缺乏对该荷载分项系数值在可变荷载效应占高比重下适用性的充分考虑的情形,以钢拱架结构模型和RC框架柱模型为例,分析了可变荷载效应比值的取值范围,揭示了可变荷载效应比值将会较高的现象;基于可靠度理论并结合设计约束条件建立了荷载分项系数的计算方法;通过数值分析,求解得到了荷载分项系数值;最后分析了按多国规范用荷载分项系数进行结构设计的可靠指标随可变荷载效应比值的变化规律。结果表明：可变荷载效应占高比重时,按我国规范用荷载分项系数设计的混凝土和钢结构构件的可靠指标低于目标可靠指标较多;而美英两国规范用荷载分项系数的适用性要好于我国规范,但对应的钢结构构件的设计可靠指标仍偏低。从可靠性的角度为近年风、雪灾害中若干结构容易破坏的现象提供了补充解释,同时也为相关规范修订提供参考。     

概率极限状态设计方法及在木结构设计规范中的应用(五)

七、分项系数的确定 从设计表达式可知,分项系数包括:重要性系数、荷载系数和抗力系数。重要性系数的取值已作了交待,不再重述。荷载系数是由《建筑结构设计统一标准》统一确定的,本文仅简单介绍其确定的原则与具体的系数取值,而重点讨论如何确定木结构构件抗力系数。 (一)荷载系数 荷载系数Y_G、Y_Q是以永久荷载与一种可变     

既有结构可靠性评定中的荷载分项系数优化

针对我国现行设计规范中各类结构构件可靠指标校核中发现的问题,对荷载分项系数及部分可变荷载标准值的取值进行优化.从构件可靠指标的最小值与平均值、构件可靠指标的离散性、荷载分项可靠指标的一致性、设计值点与理想值的偏离程度四个维度对近三代设计标准[《建筑结构荷载规范》(GBJ 9-87)、《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB...     

轻钢结构承载能力设计中分项系数的确定

针对对可变荷载敏感的轻钢结构,应用现行规范中计算目标可靠度的校准法,主要考虑风荷载和雪荷载与恒荷载的简单组合,分别计算分析了轴心受拉、轴心受压和偏心受压三种构件的荷载和抗力分项系数,给出确保现行目标可靠度的分项系数的建议值,对轻钢结构的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

承载力折减系数对结构构件可靠度的影响分析

构件承载力评定是鉴定结构构件安全性的重要指标。本文采用一阶二次矩阵法得出了不同承载力折减系数下的构件可靠指标计算公式,并结合多种常用材料的抗力参数,根据非迭代方法计算出了不同结构构件对应的可靠指标。结果表明：可变荷载对结构可靠度的贡献优于永久荷载的影响,但当可变荷载与永久荷载标准值之比达到一定限值时,构件的可靠度不再提高。依照现行标准要求的承载力折减系数计算可知,结构构件可靠指标大致呈等差数列排布,此种划分方法下得出的结果与构件实际失效概率存在较大偏差,可靠指标降幅过大将对构件安全性鉴定工作产生不利影响。     

浅谈建筑结构荷载分项系数的应用

根据现行《建筑结构荷载规范》中关于荷载分项系数的规定,对其实际应用进行简要分析,并提出了计算由永久荷载效应控制的组合值时应注意的问题,以供参考。     

Sicherheitskonzept von unterspannten Konstruktionen

Safety Concept for Cable Supported Structures Codes treat permanent actions and prestress as independent actions with different (partial) safety factors. However, for structures whose geometry is controlled during prestressing, there are proposals to consider dead load and prestress as one load case “permanent actions” with the same safety factor. Both approaches are compared systematically with regard to the structural safety. It is shown that combining dead load and prestress in one load case does not yield a sufficient safety level. The results of the investigations lead to a proposal which considers the influence of controlling the geometry during prestressing by modifying the partial safety factor for the action prestress. This results in a sufficient safety level while also permitting more efficient dimensioning.     

不锈钢强度设计值取值的试验和理论依据

不锈钢具有良好的力学性能,在建筑结构中作为承重构件逐渐被采用,但目前没有不锈钢结构设计规范,影响了不锈钢的使用。本文对3个牌号不锈钢屈服强度的试验数据采用数理统计的方法进行分析,得到屈服强度的概率分布满足正态分布规律。根据《建筑结构设计统一标准》(GB50068—2001)中的规定,得到屈服强度的标准值。再结合可靠度理论得到了3个牌号不锈钢的抗力分项系数,进而得到它们的强度设计值,可供建筑结构设计和制订修改相关规范时参考。     

On the relationship between platform topology, topside weight and structural reliability under storm overload

The relationship between platform configuration and structural reliability is investigated by comparing the collapse behaviour of simple jacket, jack-up and monopod topologies under storm loading in moderately shallow North West Shelf (NWS) waters. Two different pushover analysis methods are used to find the ultimate strength, which give quite different reserve strength ratio (RSR) results for certain structures. The effect on the structural reliability of varying topside weight is also assessed. It is found that the reliability trends are strongly dependent on structural topology — an effect that is not included in current Codes of practice. It is also shown that a single set of partial load factors for dead and environmental loads cannot achieve uniform reliability across different platform configurations in the same environment. Furthermore, in some cases, a working stress design format gives more consistent reliability results than the load and resistance design factor approach.     

Zum zuverlässigkeitstheoretischen Konzept der Verbundträgerbemessung

The application of the structural reliability theory for composite beams. This paper deals with the structural safety concept for composite structures. In the actual design codes for steel‐concrete composite structures, e.g. Eurocode4, the partial safety factors for the different materials were mainly calibrated by statistical evaluations of structural steel or concrete members. It will be shown that appropriateness and validity of these factors have to be discussed for hybrid structures. For the sample of composite beams in sagging bending with full shear connection some probabilistic calculations for the ultimate and serviceability limit state are made taking into account the First Order Reliability Method FORM. As result of the sensitivity factors α_i the different partial safety factors γ_M for the material parameters are discussed. The focus of these investigations was put on the representation of the reliability theory so that certain model inaccuracies at the cross‐section were tolerated.     

60年基准期钢结构构件可靠度分析

在现有规范分项系数设计表达式的基础上,首先依据可靠度理论校核规范实际隐含的可靠指标,并以此为依据确定目标可靠指标;其次通过引入荷载等超概率原则,分别计算出60年基准期下几种可变荷载的统计参数;最终在假定恒载、抗力分项系数不变的前提下,通过调整可变荷载分项系数、组合值系数来达到预定的目标可靠指标。修正后的60年设计基准期下的分项系数设计表达式在形式上与现有规范相协调,方便工程应用。     

Standsicherheit und Brandschutz von Bestandsbauwerken – besondere Herausforderungen für die Planung

Structural Safety and Fire Protection of Existing Buildings – Special Challenges for Planning Construction work in existing buildings turns out to become a main issue in planning and execution. The following paper covers some aspects regarding as‐built care for existing buildings, structural safety and fire protection, which have to be particularly considered when planning for existing structures. Therefore the basics of as‐built care for existing buildings are outlined with focus on the structural design task. In the following article some means are shown to reduce partial safety factors using modern semi‐probabilistic methods on existing members as well as appropriate loading tests. In following an optimal approach the fire resistance duration should be evaluated considering most likely lower but realistic fire loads.     

层次分析法在既有建筑结构体系可靠性评定中的应用

用层次分析法确定构件的权重系数,提出了一种考虑构件权重的既有结构体系可靠性评定方法。以框架结构体系为例进行了结构体系可靠性等级的评定,并和《民用建筑可靠性鉴定标准》(GB50292-1999)的评价结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,所提方法能反映不同构件对结构体系可靠性的影响,评定结果和实际吻合较好。但对于高层建筑,该方法还需要进一步完善。     

Reliability of Steel Truss Roof Systems Under Variable Snow Load Profiles

The probabilistic safety analysis of steel truss roof systems under variable snow load profiles is investigated. The roofs of structures such as industrial buildings or sports halls, which require wide areas, are frequently subjected to unexpectedly high loads. Therefore, compared to the residential buildings, that type of buildings often comes across failure or prohibition of usage. Probabilistic techniques are utilized for the analysis of the problem. Thirty-six steel roof structures with different structural dimensions and load variations are modelled and their failure probabilities are calculated. In this paper, a complicated stochastic analysis is reduced to the solution of a load–resistance (S–R) problem by utilizing sensitivity analyses. Firstly, the structures were designed through structural analyses, and then the sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the response of the structure to the load and to the span-length parameters. In this paper, a reliability study which gradually monitors the effect of geometrical parameters on the failure trend is presented. Three different snow load distribution functions were used. The relation between failure, and load or structural dimension variations was investigated. The results obtained in this study are discussed and compared with the results from the literature for similar structures subjected to snow loads. It is observed that for the snow load distributions with high standard deviations the structural reliability indices may give results below the target safety levels of the design codes. Finally, the assessment of the results shows that the effect of the standard deviation of the snow load on failure probability is much more than the effect of intensity of the nominal snow load.