低碳相变诱发塑性钢的综合性能

对抗拉强度600 MPa级的低碳相变诱发塑性钢(TRIP钢)进行了拉伸、成形、高速冲击拉伸和激光焊接试验.对焊接前后的综合性能进行了对比,并对其金相组织、显微硬度进行了观察和测试分析.与原始板材相比,激光焊接后,低碳TRIP钢的强度和硬度增加,而伸长率略有下降;焊接热影响区的硬化较明显,但均未发现明显的焊接裂纹及其它缺陷,表明其焊接性能良好.发现低碳TRIP钢成形性能、抗凹陷性能、激光焊接性能良好.     

Heat Treatment of Cold-Rolled Low-Carbon Si-Mn Dual Phase Steels

 The effects of over aging (OA) and vanadium on microstructure and properties of cold-rolled low-carbon Si-Mn vanadium-bearing and traditional dual-phase steel sheets are studied. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels are greatly affected by over-ageing temperature. When OA below 250℃, the elongation rate increases sharply whiles both the yield strength and tensile strength decrease slightly, this is favorable to the increase of all over mechanical properties. After OA above 300℃, elongation does not increase much, but the yield strength increases and tensile strength decreases, which deteriorate the mechanical properties of the steel. Finally, the results also show that both the hardenability and the tempering stability of steel can be significantly improved by vanadium micro-alloying.     

Microstructural Evolution of 11Al-3Mg-Zn Ternary Alloy-Coated Steels During Austenitization Heat Treatment

This study details the microstructural evolution of a commercial hot-dip 11Al-3Mg-Zn-coated steel during austenitization. After 5 minutes of austenitization at 1173 K (900 °C), the ternary alloy coating transformed to consist of a nearly pure Zn as the major layer, a Fe-Al alloy layer at the interface, and a thin oxide overlay. The Fe-Al alloy layer effectively acted as the inhibition layer to prevent Fe from diffusing and reacting with Zn, which in turn retained the molten Zn layer and the integrity of the surface oxide layer. Moreover, the potential difference between the 11Al-3Mg-Zn coating and the steel substrate remained similar after austenitization, signifying the resulting coating kept its sacrificial protection capability.     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in TiKilled Steels and Microstructural Evolution in Welding Induced CoarseGrained Heat Affected Zone

 Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ), with enhanced impact toughness in Ti killed steels, which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti O+Ti Mg O compound oxide to the Ti Mg O+MgO compound oxide and the single phase MgO, as the Mg content increased from 0002 3% to 0006%. A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0002%) led to the refinement of Ti bearing inclusions by creating the Ti Mg O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ, and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness. Otherwise, a high content of Mg (approximately 0006%) produced a single phase MgO, which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite, and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ. The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

Effect of Continuous Galvanizing Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Al-Low Si Transformation Induced Plasticity Steels

Heat treatments were performed using an isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) temperature compatible with continuous hot-dip galvanizing on two high Al–low Si transformation induced plasticity (TRIP)-assisted steels. Both steels had 0.2 wt pct C and 1.5 wt pct Mn; one had 1.5 wt pct Al and the other had 1 wt pct Al and 0.5 wt pct Si. Two different intercritical annealing (IA) temperatures were used, resulting in intercritical microstructures of 50 pct ferrite (α)-50 pct austenite (γ) and 65 pct α-35 pct γ. Using the IBT temperature of 465 °C, five IBT times were tested: 4, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds. Increasing the IBT time resulted in a decrease in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and an increase in the uniform elongation, yield strength, and yield point elongation. The uniform elongation was higher when using the 50 pct α-50 pct γ IA temperature when compared to the 65 pct α-35 pct γ IA temperature. The best combinations of strength and ductility and their corresponding heat treatments were as follows: a tensile strength of 895 MPa and uniform elongation of 0.26 for the 1.5 pct Al TRIP steel at the 50 pct γ IA temperature and 90-second IBT time; a tensile strength of 880 MPa and uniform elongation of 0.27 for the 1.5 pct Al TRIP steel at the 50 pct γ IA temperature and 120-second IBT time; and a tensile strength of 1009 MPa and uniform elongation of 0.22 for the 1 pct Al-0.5 pct Si TRIP steel at the 50 pct γ IA temperature and 120-second IBT time.     

Transformation of Oxide Inclusions in Type 304 Stainless Steels during Heat Treatment

Heat treatment of Type 304 stainless steel in the range of 1273 K (1000 °C) to 1473 K (1200 °C) can transform manganese silicate inclusions to manganese chromite (spinel) inclusions. During heat treatment, Cr reacts with manganese silicate to form spinel. The transformation rate of inclusions depends strongly on both temperature [in the range of 1273 K to 1473 K (1000 °C to 1200 °C)] and inclusion size. A kinetic model, developed using FactSage macros, showed that these effects agree quantitatively with diffusion-controlled transformation. A simplified analytical model, which can be used for rapid calculations, predicts similar transformation kinetics, in agreement with the experimental observations.     

TRIP钢 TMP和热处理过程中的组织演变

介绍了热轧TRIP钢TMP(形变热处理)的精轧阶段(奥氏体未再结晶区变形)、输送台冷却(γ-α两相区的相变)和卷取阶段(贝氏体转变)热轧TRIP钢组织演变的影响因素;冷轧TRIP钢临界区(γ-α区)退火和贝氏体转变区等温处理时的组织演变及其演变过程中TRIP钢残余奥氏体中碳的富集的研究进展。     

Transformation of Inclusions in Linepipe Steels During Heat Treatment

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The effect of heat treatment on the transformation of inclusions in linepipe steels was investigated experimentally and theoretically. During heat...     

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Short-Term Thermally Exposed 9/12Cr Heat-Resistant Steels

The microstructural evolution during short-term (up to 3000?hours) thermal exposure of three 9/12Cr heat-resistant steels was studied, as well as the mechanical properties after exposure. The tempered martensitic lath structure, as well as the precipitation of carbide and MX type carbonitrides in the steel matrix, was stable after 3000?hours of exposure at 873?K (600?°C). A microstructure observation showed that during the short-term thermal exposure process, the change of mechanical properties was caused mainly by the formation and growth of Laves-phase precipitates in the steels. On thermal exposure, with an increase of cobalt and tungsten contents, cobalt could promote the segregation of tungsten along the martensite lath to form Laves phase, and a large size and high density of Laves-phase precipitates along the grain boundaries could lead to the brittle intergranular fracture of the steels.     

Transformation Induced Martensite Evolution in Metal Forming Processes of Stainless Steels

Because of their high corrosion resistance and deformation characteristics, the industrial application of stainless steels is of high importance. During deep drawing processes, phase transformation of austenite to martensite occurs, which leads to an increased strain hardening of the material. The phase transformation depends on alloying constituents, transformation temperatures, stresses and strains. Consequently, in the design of deep drawing processes of stainless steels the phase transformation has to be considered. This paper presents a mathematical model for the calculation of the martensite evolution depending on temperatures, stresses and strains. The precise simulation of deep drawing processes of stainless steels can be enabled by the implementation of this model into commercial FE‐programs.     

Macromodelling of Transformation Induced Plasticity combined with Viscoplasticity for Low‐Alloy Steels

Metal forming processes are important technologies for production of engineering metal components. In order to optimize the resulting material properties, it becomes necessary to simulate the entire forming process by taking into account physical effects such as phase transformations. In this work we concentrate on the phase change from austenite to martensite and present a macroscopic material model, which combines the effects of viscoplasticity with the effect of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP). An extensive experimental data basis for a low‐alloy steel is used for parameter identification, thus taking into account the effects of uniaxial compressive and tensile stress on the kinetics of phase transformation at different temperatures. In a finite element simulation the austenite to martensite phase transformation within a shaft subjected to thermal loading is investigated.     

Influence of Al on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Low-Carbon,Manganese Transformation-Induced-Plasticity Steel

Microstructural design with an Al addition is suggested for low-carbon, manganese transformation-induced-plasticity (Mn TRIP) steel for application in the continuous-annealing process. With an Al content of 1 mass pct, the competition between the recrystallization of the cold-rolled microstructure and the austenite formation cannot be avoided during intercritical annealing, and the recrystallization of the deformed matrix does not proceed effectively. The addition of 3 mass pct Al, however, allows nearly complete recrystallization of the deformed microstructure by providing a dual-phase cold-rolled structure consisting of ferrite and martensite and by suppressing excessive austenite formation at a higher annealing temperature. An optimized annealing condition results in the room-temperature stability of the intercritical austenite in Mn TRIP steel containing 3 mass pct Al, permitting persistent transformation to martensite during tensile deformation. The alloy presents an excellent strength-ductility balance combining a tensile strength of approximately 1 GPa with a total elongation over 25 pct, which is comparable to that of Mn TRIP steel subjected to batch-type annealing.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Low-Temperature Performance of Low-Carbon Steel

In the present work, 20L and 20GL steels are investigated with a view to increase in their impact strength at negative temperatures, by adjusting the structural state in final heat treatment of valve and pipeline components. Stable impact strength KCV may be established in 20L steel at –40°C and in 20GL steel at ?60°C by three-stage heat treatment: double quenching in water and subsequent high tempering. The other three heat treatments considered proved ineffective. The greater strength of 20GL steel components in comparison with 20L steel components may be attributed to its finer structure and greater bulk content of acicular α phase, on account of the higher content of manganese, which deters the ferrite transformation of austenite.     

Phase Transformations and Microstructural Evolution of Mo-Bearing Stainless Steels

The good corrosion resistance of superaustenitic stainless steel (SASS) alloys has been shown to be a direct consequence of high concentrations of Mo, which can have a significant effect on the microstructural development of welds in these alloys. In this research, the microstructural development of welds in the Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo system was analyzed over a wide variety of Cr/Ni ratios and Mo contents. The system was first simulated by construction of multicomponent phase diagrams using the CALPHAD technique. Data from vertical sections of these diagrams are presented over a wide compositional range to produce diagrams that can be used as a guide to understand the influence of composition on microstructural development. A large number of experimental alloys were then prepared via arc-button melting for comparison with the diagrams. Each alloy was characterized using various microscopy techniques. The expected δ-ferrite and γ-austenite phases were accompanied by martensite at low Cr/Ni ratios and by σ phase at high Mo contents. A total of 20 possible phase transformation sequences are proposed, resulting in various amounts and morphologies of the γ, δ, σ, and martensite phases. The results were used to construct a map of expected phase transformation sequence and resultant microstructure as a function of composition. The results of this work provide a working guideline for future base metal and filler metal development of this class of materials. An erratum to this article can be found at