五波束抛物环面天线

本文首先给出了抛物环面天线的辐射场公式,然后利用给出的公式设计和研制出一个90角域的五波束抛物环面天线,并示出了该天线五个波束的测试方向图和中心波束的计算方向图,计算值和测量值吻合很好。最后,还介绍了中心波束和边缘波束的增益测量值。     

附加相位修正副面的多波束环面天线方向图

首先利用等光程条件导出了抛物环面上的点与副面上的点的关系公式；其次，巧妙地利用微波光学强度定律、几何光学法和物理光学法给出了计算“附加相位校正副面的多波束抛物环面天线”的辐射方向图公式；最后，利用所得的辐射方向图公式对一个实际天线进行了理论计算，理论计算值和实验测试值吻合异常良好。     

The dielectric-filled parabola: a new millimeter/submillimeterwavelength receiver/transmitter front end

A design is presented for a semi-integrated millimeter/submillimeter wavelength receiver/transmitter front end incorporating a planar antenna and a solid-state device in an efficient feed structure which can be matched directly to high f-number optical systems. The feed system combines the simplicity and robustness of a dielectric substrate lens with the high gain of a parabolic reflector in a single structure that is termed a dielectric-filled parabola. The same fundamental unit can be configured as either a heterodyne or direct detection mode receiver, a power transmitter or a frequency multiplier by changing out the solid-state device and/or the integrated antenna. The structure can also be used with a small integrated antenna array in a multibeam or imaging arrangement. Design and fabrication details for the feed system are given. These are followed by beam pattern and impedance measurements taken on a microwave model when dipole, bow-tie, log-periodic, and log-spiral antennas are used as the integrated feed elements     

多模反射面天线理论与技术研究

在卫星星座跟踪、远距离微波能传输等需要构建大功率均匀场的领域,都需要具有平顶波束的高增益反射面天线.受多模和混合模喇叭天线的启发,文中创新性地在反射面天线设计中引入了多模的理念.首先提出了双模反射面的思路,即在标准抛物面天线的最大辐射方向上引入相位差为180°的反相模式场,由两种模式合成平顶波束.然后,将双模的理念推广...     

Fan beam generated by a linear-array fed parabolic reflector

The theoretical background and the results of computer simulations and experimental studies for a parabolic reflector fed by a linear array are detailed. The concept of using a parabolic reflector antenna fed by a small linear array to generate fan-beam patterns is validated. Large angle scan along the broad-beam direction of the fan beam can be achieved by offsetting the linear array laterally. It is both empirically and numerically demonstrated that the array feed must be displaced in the reflector's axial direction to an optimum location from the focal plane in order to achieve the best antenna gain performance. As a result, the linear-array fed parabolic reflector can be used in place of a long planar array in a multifunctional reflector antenna system     

Radiation properties of parabolic torus reflector

General radiation-pattern formulas for a torus reflector antenna have been developed using physical optics. These expressions are valid at arbitrary feed locations not only within the primary focal arc but also for beam scanning with squinted feed horn illuminations. Numerical results were obtained at 22 GHz for an experimental 1.25 m×2.5 m torus reflector in both elevational beam scanning and extended azimuthal scanning outside the primary ±15° field of view. An elevation scanning range of 7° showed only a 1 dB gain reduction. The 20° azimuth beam (i.e. 5° extended azimuth scanning) showed a 1.4 dB gain reduction. Comparison between calculated and measured patterns showed agreement in beamwidth and most pattern features. The discrepancy between calculated and measured sidelobe levels in the azimuthal plane is attributed to imperfection enhancement by the horizontal oversize of the reflector     

A high aperture efficiency, wide-angle scanning offset reflectorantenna

A unique single offset reflector antenna has been designed which provides as much as ±30° of scanning in azimuth while maintaining a much higher aperture efficiency than a torus antenna. Like a torus antenna, different portions of the reflector are illuminated for each scanned beam. The reflector profile curve in the plane of scan is found by least squares to minimize the error for the beams with the greatest scan angle, and then polynomial terms of up to sixth order which minimize nonplanar phase errors are added to produce a three-dimensional reflector surface. Numerical simulation indicates very good results for all 0.5° beams in the ±30° azimuth field of view, with peak gain no more than 0.3 dB below ideal and highest side-lobe levels no worse than 13.3 dB below the peak gain. Additionally, comparable performance can be extended to the elevation plane out to 15°/-30°, although full azimuth performance becomes compromised at extreme elevation scan angles. By using an offset design, there is no blockage of the outgoing beam by the feed array assembly for azimuth scanning. With better feed performance than comparably sized paraboloids, and being more compact than similar torus reflectors, this novel antenna should find numerous uses in spacecraft and terrestrial applications     

A method for producing a shaped contour radiation pattern using asingle shaped reflector and a single feed

Eliminating the corporate feed network in shaped contour beam antennas will reduce the expense, weight, and RF loss of the antenna system. One way of producing a shaped contour beam without using a feed network is to use a single shaped reflector with a single feed element. For a prescribed contour beam and feed, an optimization method for designing the reflector shape is given. As a design example, a shaped reflector is designed to produce a continental-United-States (CONUS) coverage beam. The RF performance of the shaped reflector is then verified by physical optics     

卫星多波束天线技术的发展

本文综述了欧洲卫星多波束天线发展的新技术 ,对各种多波束反射面天线或阵列天线的反射面、馈源、波束成形网络、辐射贴片等的新理论、新技术、新应用作了述评。     

On the characterization of a reflector impulse radiating antenna (IRA): full-wave analysis and measured results

There is a growing demand for impulse radiating antennas (IRAs) to receive and transmit short pulses. The basic concepts of IRA are reviewed and the far-field pattern versus frequency of an ideal IRA is characterized based on the fundamental properties of IRA. It is shown that the transmitted pulse is ideally in the form of a time derivative of the input pulse. The physical optics simulation results show that the far-field characteristics of a parabolic reflector are very close to an ideal IRA if it is fed properly. The reflector IRA was constructed, analyzed and measured at UCLA. The near-field and far-field characteristics of the reflector IRA are studied using both the method of moments (MoM) full-wave simulations and the frequency domain measurements. In this paper, the radiation mechanism of the reflector IRA is studied using a detailed current distribution on the parabolic reflector and the feeding structure at different frequencies. Applying either the calculated current distribution on the reflector IRA or the measured near-field results, it is seen that the aperture field intensity of the parabolic reflector is not the same in the two principle planes and as a result the beam-widths in the two principle planes are different. The far-field patterns of the antenna are measured and the calculated far-field patterns support the measured results. The calculated current distribution results provide a guideline on how to properly change the feeding structure to achieve a more uniform aperture field and increase the antenna radiation efficiency.     

Reflector efficiency evaluation by frequency scaling

In recent evaluations of large parabolic reflector antennas, engineers have investigated the antenna performance at several frequencies. In this paper it is shown that the efficiency at any frequency can be estimated from a measured efficiency at another frequency and a carefully calculated design efficiency. In practice, an efficiency measurement at some frequency usually serves to determine the efficiency at all lower frequencies.     

海洋二号微波定标辐射计天线子系统

海洋二号微波定标辐射计HY-2Calibration Radiometer(HY-2 CR)采用了高增益、低副瓣、高波束效率低损耗的天线子系统.三个频率共用一个偏馈抛物面,天线频率分别为18.7 GHz、23.8 GHz和37 GHz.采用双隔膜正交模耦合器实现双极化信号提取,利用紧凑型圆锥波纹喇叭进一步降低天线结构尺寸和质量.测试结果显示天线完全达到了设计要求.     

Corrections for the effects of a radome on antenna surfacemeasurements made by microwave holography

Measurements of the surface deviations of a parabolic antenna by microwave holography have been corrected for the effects of an enclosing radome. The largest correction, which is due to diffraction from the metal space frame, is made by using a model computed from the radome structure. This model accounts for the changing diffraction as the antenna is scanned during the interferometric mapping of the complex beam pattern. Correction for reflections from the radome panels is made by simultaneously measuring the beam pattern at multiple frequencies to provide delay discrimination to reject antenna sidelobes generated by multiple reflections which arrive with delays different from that of the main beam     

抛物环面天线增益和旁瓣特性的研究

本文给出了抛物环面天线的参数方程和辐射场公式。利用给出的公式研究了抛物环面天线的增益和旁瓣特性。最后，对一个实际天线的方向图进行了理论计算，与测量值比较，两者吻合得很好，从而验证了理论分析和计算的正确性。     

Random surface error effects on offset cylindrical reflector antennas

The focus of this paper is to characterize the average power pattern of an offset cylindrical parabolic reflector antenna subject to random surface errors. A novel computational method is developed for studying the random surface error effects on the boresight gain loss and the sidelobe levels of the average power pattern. The particular antenna dimensions used for this study are similar to the specifications for the second generation precipitation radar (PR-2) mission. In keeping with the requirements in the PR-2 mission, both the Ku and Ka frequency bands are considered. Random surface error effects are also studied for different edge taper levels. In addition to analysis of a reflector with uniform random surface errors, a nonuniform surface error case is presented in this study. This is an important consideration for evaluating the suitability of large deployable membrane reflector antennas for the PR-2 mission.     

Design and analysis of a reconfigurable dual-beam grating antenna for low-cost millimeter-wave beam-steering

This paper presents a reconfigurable dual-beam grating antenna for low-cost millimeter-wave beam steering. Experimental results indicate that this multibeam approach provides over /spl plusmn/50/spl deg/ beam steering at fixed frequencies across the entire 35 to 40 GHz band, with excellent radiation patterns maintained across the scans. An approximate analysis developed for the reconfigurable antenna closely predicts the observed scan angles and main beam radiation patterns across the complete range of scan states. These results should have numerous applications in millimeter-wave beam-steering technology.     

宽频带双极化低副瓣偏馈抛物面天线

介绍了一种宽频带双极化低副瓣天线的设计、加工方法和测试结果。采用馈源偏置的方法来减小副瓣,采用波纹喇叭实现天线双极化的要求,并且采用双椭圆切割抛物面来增加天线的效率和减小方位主波束宽度。天线的理论分析与实验结果吻合较好,优于所需的技术指标要求。     

收发等波束的双频低副瓣多波束天线

介绍了一种可实现收发波束大小一致的工作于K/Ka频段的低副瓣反射面多波束天线系统。该天线系统采用高效率双频多模喇叭作为馈源,实现了收发频段共用同一反射面,极大地降低了系统的规模。通过对反射面口径场上幅度和相位的分布对天线二次辐射方向图的影响的分析,提出了一种在高频处对反射面引入副瓣照射的方法,从而实现了收发波束大小一致。该天线系统在收发频段均体现了良好的低副瓣、高载干比特性。     

Advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR): requirements andpreliminary design study

An investigation on users' requirements for future passive microwave scanning radiometers, especially the advanced microwave scanning radiometer (AMSR), which is one of the Earth Observing System instruments, has been conducted together with a preliminary design of the AMSR system. As a result, mission parameters for the AMSR have been determined while the feasibility of the electronically scanning type of AMSR has been confirmed. In particular, it is found that a beam-switching antenna system that was developed makes possible multifrequency measurement, and multiple beam conical scanning, while preserving polarization purity     

宽角城扫描及多波束反射面天线

本文介绍异轴旋转抛物面天线。这种天线可在锥面或平面上实现宽角域扫描或形成多波束。本文研究选择参数和利用补偿副反射面消减乃至消除各波束的慧形象差的方法