高效节能回洞式组装架空炕连灶

高效节能炕连灶是节省薪柴，提高生活质量的技术项目，具有生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。高效节能炕连灶热效率高达75％，火炕是预制组装形式，比旧式火炕年节薪柴34％，适于工厂化生产。文章介绍了该项目的设计要点和施工技术。     

Global algorithm for systematic retrofit of tubular process furnaces

Tubular process furnaces are widely used especially in the chemical and petrochemical process plants and refineries. Retrofit of a furnace is usually recommended for increasing plant capacity or improvement of the furnace (and/or plant) energy efficiency. Many different constraints of existing furnace design and operation are the reasons for which the retrofit of a furnace is a very difficult task. Main operational and geometrical constraints are taken into account in furnace retrofit integration approach created earlier. This approach was developed primarily for improvement of the furnace energy efficiency. When furnace retrofit for increasing the plant capacity is performed additional criteria have to be considered. Then fluid hydrodynamic behaviour plays an important role and influences the retrofit strategy. This problem is discussed in the paper and results in suggestion of the global conceptual algorithm for furnace retrofit strategy. Practical case studies demonstrate applicability of the proposed global furnace retrofit algorithm.     

Surplus biomass through energy efficient kilns

The use of biomass in the European Union has increased since the middle of the 1990s, mostly because of high subsidies and CO₂ emission regulation through the Kyoto protocol. The sawmills are huge biomass suppliers to the market; out of the Swedish annual lumber production of 16.4 Mm³, 95% is produced by medium to large-volume sawmills with a lumber quotient of 47%. The remaining part is produced as biomass. An essential part (12%) of the entering timber is used for supply of heat in their production processes, mostly in the substantial drying process. The drying process is the most time and heat consuming process in the sawmill. This study was undertaken to determine the sawmills’ national use of energy and potential magnitude of improvements. If the drying process can be made more effective, sawmills’ own use of biomass can be decreased and allow a considerably larger supply to the biomass market through processed or unprocessed biomass, heat or electricity production. The national electricity and heat usage when drying the lumber have been analysed by theoretical evaluation and experimental validation at a batch kiln. The main conclusion is that the heat consumption for drying lumber among the Swedish sawmills is 4.9 TW h/year, and with available state-of-the-art techniques it is possible to decrease the national heat consumption by approximately 2.9 TW h. This additional amount of energy corresponds to the market’s desire for larger energy supply.     

低碳经济下既有建筑节能改造方案优选研究

低碳经济下,既有建筑节能改造备受关注。虽然目前多项节能改造技术已投入实践,但取得的经济效益、环境效益以及社会效益等效果迥异,因此针对具体项目情况如何选取最优方案亟待解决。引入多目标加权灰靶决策方法,结合较为客观的熵值法确定权重,通过计算各方案与最优效果向量的靶心距,按照距离越小方案越优的原则选取最优方案,最后用实例验证了该模型的有效性和实用性,为既有建筑节能改造工程的实施提供了较为科学的方案优选方法。     

Energy saving opportunities in heat integrated beverage plant retrofit

This paper presents practical applications of mathematical programming for energy integration in a large beverage plant. The opportunities of heat integration between batch operations were analysed by a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which was slightly modified by considering specific industrial circumstances. The feasibility of combined electricity, heating and cooling production was studied using a simplified MILP model, developed for the selection of an optimal polygeneration system. The superstructure includes cogeneration systems with different prime movers (steam turbine and gas turbine), and a trigeneration system with a back-pressure steam turbine. The proposed heat integration scheme and the selected cogeneration system may improve a company’s economic performance and reduce its environmental impact.     

Pinch technology: an efficient tool for chemical-plant energy and capital-cost saving

Through its 20 year history, pinch analysis has proved to be a simple concept in a field known for complex mathematical methods. Reports of industrial applications claim design improvements in energy saving, as well as reduced capital investment costs, due to optimising the number of heat exchangers required for the same heat duty, after pinch technology was introduced. Some of the recent pinch developments are: pressure drop optimisation, distillation column profiles, low temperature process design, batch process integration, water and waste water minimisation and emissions targeting. This paper attempts to describe this technology, considering both new designs or modifications applied to chemical process plants.     

油田高压注汽锅炉燃烧器的节能改造

油田高压蒸汽吞吐采油工艺属于三次采油工艺，具有采出率高，成本高的特点，被各油田广泛应用，但在存在能耗高，运行成本大的缺点，不符合含市场经济低成本竞争的发展潮流。文章以某一锅炉为例，介绍一种节能改造工艺，该工艺具有与原系统匹配性强，成本低，节能显著的特点。     

典型节能案例解析第7例高效节能照明灯具

案例研究目的通过对该项目的研究、监测 ,着重从理论应用 ,经济效益及市场潜力等方面分析高效节能灯具技术在工业照明中应用的可能性及必要性。投资成本项目总投资 3.5万元。节能效果年节电量 6.1万kWh ,价值 4.88万元 (电价按 0 .8元 /kWh计 )。投资回收期项目投资回收期为 9个月。适用对象该产品可广泛应用于工矿企业的厂房、仓库、货场及车站、展览中心等场所 ,满足 6m～ 60m不同高度的室内照明需求。案例源单位哈尔滨轴承股份有限公司锻压分厂。监测单位黑龙江省节能监测中心。案例分析概述哈尔滨轴承股份有限公司是生产各种轴承的专业…     

火焰炉采用乳化重油的节能分析

对火焰炉采用乳化重油后的节能进行的分析,并联系到平炉燃用乳化重油的情况,作者认为火焰炉采用乳化油后是否节能,需依据炉子的具体情况而定。使用乳化油后应适当降低空气消耗系数及调整有关参数。     

节能的地下含水层蓄热(冷)器

分析了地下含水层蓄热（冷）的特点，阐述了使用含水层蓄热（冷）的系统节能和环保的重要意义，介绍了一些欧洲应用实例。     

太阳能节能灯

太阳能节能灯的工作原理是：白天以太阳光作为能源利用太阳电池给蓄电池充电，把太阳能转换为化学能储存在蓄电池中，晚间使用时以蓄电池作为电源给节能灯提供能量，把蓄电池中的化学能转变成光能，使节能灯工作。节能灯的具体工作原理图如下，下面就结合这一原理图进行分析。电路结构可分为六个部分，包括太阳电池，蓄电池，保护电路，施密特触发器，多谐振荡器，输出级。太阳电池是节能灯的核心器件。如图中E１，图中E２为蓄电池，R１、R２、T１组成对E２的输入过压保护电路。当蓄电池电压充到一定值时，R２两端的电压相应升高使T１导…     

EMS与节能

EMS之所以能够节能，主要是由于EMS的投产提供了调度的物质基础，使得煤气系统的转换平衡得以自动实现，实现了快速推测能源平衡的供需趋势，使调度人员能更方便、更充裕地实现能源替代的转换和有效地降低各种能源放散。宝钢股份公司节能遵循如下思路：即在能源系统平衡中实现节能，在节能过程中实现系统的平衡；充分利用能源系统的能力，通过精心调度，实现系统的有效转换和对能源的合理使用，最终达到节能的目的。利用能源管理系统节能，不仅是宝钢的成功，同时也给国内其它钢铁企业和其它行业指出了降本增效的方向。     

照明节电应用

目前照明耗电已占全国总耗电量的10％,而使用的照明光源大部分为气体放电光源。文中分析了该种电器存在的主要问题,介绍了解决问题的技术措施,并指出照明节电潜力很大。     

催化裂化节能降耗的技术改造

针对洛阳石油化工总厂１４０ × １０４ｔ／ａ重油催化裂化装置在节能降耗方面暴露出的问题,通过相应的技术改造,使问题逐一得到了解决。同时优化操作条件。使装置的节能降耗工作取得了显著的成效。     

太阳能在建筑节能中应用的探讨

论述了太阳能在建筑中的应用形式，对不同的形式做了必要的分析。提出了使用中应注意的问题，并得到一些结论。     

变压器节能探讨──“大马拉小车”的运行方式与电价制度改革探析

讨论了一种变压器节能的运行方式,从而得出电价制度改革对变压器节能具有深远的意义。     

基于Ansys的相变墙体节能效果分析

基于Ansys软件建立数学模型,计算分析不同厚度的混凝土分别与不同厚度定形相变材料组成的相变墙体的传热特性和节能效果。计算结果表明,相对于两种不同厚度混凝土墙体,增加定形相变材料起到了很好的节能效果;定形相变材料的最优厚度需要从各方面综合考虑确定;随着定形相变材料的厚度的增加,墙体内表面温度波动幅度近似呈线性减小。     

轧钢加热炉能耗分析

本文分析了我国轧钢加热炉的能耗状况,指出了我国轧钢加热炉中存在的问题,着重阐述了我国轧钢加热炉的节能措施。这些措施主要有:采用先进工艺;对加热炉进行技术改造和采用节能型加热炉;加强节能管理等。     

节能玻璃的研究进展

节能玻璃作为一种新型的功能玻璃,是建筑节能的关键材料,在21世纪将有广泛的应用与发展。本文主要概述了建筑节能玻璃的种类及其基本原理,介绍了国内外节能玻璃的最新研究进展,并指出了发展节能玻璃的重要性。     

Effectiveness of single and multiple energy retrofit measures on the energy consumption of office buildings

Energy retrofit measures (ERMs) are applied to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. The effectiveness of any ERM depends on many building specific factors, such as location, size, operation, building envelope, electrical, heating, cooling and ventilation system properties. It is common for multiple ERMs to be applied to a building to reduce its energy consumption. However, the reduction in energy consumption when multiple ERMs are applied is not the sum of the impact of individual ERMs. Effectiveness of multiple ERMs depends upon their interactive effects. Using representative office buildings and an energy modelling computer program, the effectiveness of individual and multiple ERM was assessed providing a better understanding of their interactive effects.