锅炉给水泵优化运行的探讨

对电厂锅炉给水泵优化运行进行分析比较,建立一套优化运行系统,用以指导给水泵运行,从而达到降低厂用电量的目的。     

Dynamic optimization of cryogenic distillation operation for hydrogen isotope separation in fusion power plant

Stable operation of a hydrogen isotope separation system is one of the most important issues in the sustainable operation of fusion power plants. Owing to the present limitation in retention time of fusion reaction, fusion reactors are run in repeated batch operations, causing large fluctuating flows in the system. Hence, to reliably produce required products, counteractive operational strategies must be devised. To this end, we perform dynamic optimization in this paper to derive an optimal control policy that can minimize the tritium inventory and satisfy the product quality specifications. In addition, a rigorous dynamic model for packed columns is developed to simulate realistic behaviors of cryogenic distillation. We demonstrate that the optimization results yield vital operational strategies, such as operation mode switching, without any expertise provided.     

燃煤电站烟气余热回收系统构型在线调整与运行参数优化

烟气余热回收是提高燃煤电站运行效率的有效手段。本文建立了某600 MW机组烟气余热回收系统的变工况计算模型,获得了环境温度、设计参数和运行参数对系统变工况运行特性的影响规律,提出了运行参数优化与构型在线调整相结合的优化策略：在环境温度较高时采用系统构型自适应策略,在环境温度较低时采用系统构型自适应结合参数调控策略。研究结果表明：优化后,系统在运行范围内的平均节煤率达到了2.72 g/(kW·h),相比原系统平均节煤率仅降低了0.3 g/(kW·h),安全运行的环境温度下限由24℃扩展至-10℃。     

锅炉运行现状及优化分析

通过对长岭分公司动力厂锅炉运行情况进行分析，对优化锅炉运行、提高锅炉热效率与安全性、优化运行的措施及改进方案等提出了几点建议，若实施相应优化运行措施，将较大提高经济效益。     

Exergoeconomic optimization of a cogeneration plant

This paper illustrates, with a specifie example, the methodology presented in a previous paper for the exergoeconomic optimization of complex, multicomponent-multiproduct systems. The application selected is a cogeneration plant (the CGAM problem) to which methodologies developed by different authors have been applied previously. The CGAM problem involves a regenerative gas-turbine system and a heat-recovery steam generator producing 30 MW (net power) and 14 kg/sec of saturated steam at 2 MPa.     

Sequential optimization of a polygeneration plant

This paper presents a two-steps optimization procedure of a polygeneration unit. The unit simultaneously provides power, heat, cooling and fresh water to a Spanish tourist resort (450 rooms). The first step consist on the synthesis and design of the polygeneration scheme: a “superstructure” was constructed to allow the selection of the appropriate choice and size of the plant components, from both economic and environmental considerations. At that first step, only monthly averaged requirements are considered. The second step includes hourly data and analysis as well as energy storage systems. A detailed modelling of pre-selected devices is then required to also fulfil economic and environmental constraints. As a result, a better performance is obtained compared to the first step. Thus, the two-steps procedure explained here permits the complete design and operation of a decentralized plant producing simultaneously energy (power, heat and cooling) but also desalted water (that is, trigeneration + desalination). Remarkable benefits for the analyzed case study are found: a Net Present Value of almost 300,000 €, a primary energy saving ratio of about 18% and more than 850 ton per year of avoided CO₂ emissions.     

Multi-objective optimization of a trigeneration plant

A multi-objective optimization method was developed for the design of trigeneration plants. The optimization is carried out on technical, economical, energetic and environmental performance indicators in a multi-objective optimization framework. Both construction (equipment sizes) and discrete operational (pricing tariff schemes and operational strategy) variables were optimized based on realistic conditions. The problem is solved using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. An example of a trigeneration system in a 300 bed hospital was studied in detail in order to demonstrate the design procedure, the economic and energetic performance of the plant, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed approach even under fluctuating energy prices.     

Thermal relaxation during dynamic fuel cell operation

Energy conversion in electrochemical power devices is increasingly correlated with high density waste heat generation, since cell stacks have become highly compact. To predict the transient thermal behaviour of fuel cells, a three-dimensional simulation of their stack operation has been developed. Time constants of the transient response following load changes are determined and are in good agreement with experimental data obtained from a 100 W fuel cell stack.     

A hybrid multi-level optimization approach for the dynamic synthesis/design and operation/control under uncertainty of a fuel cell system

During system development, large-scale, complex energy systems require multi-disciplinary efforts to achieve system quality, cost, and performance goals. As systems become larger and more complex, the number of possible system configurations and technologies, which meet the designer’s objectives optimally, increases greatly. In addition, both transient and environmental effects may need to be taken into account. Thus, the difficulty of developing the system via the formulation of a single optimization problem in which the optimal synthesis/design and operation/control of the system are achieved simultaneously is great and rather problematic. This difficulty is further heightened with the introduction of uncertainty analysis, which transforms the problem from a purely deterministic one into a probabilistic one. Uncertainties, system complexity and nonlinearity, and large numbers of decision variables quickly render the single optimization problem unsolvable by conventional, single-level, optimization strategies.To address these difficulties, the strategy adopted here combines a dynamic physical decomposition technique for large-scale optimization with a response sensitivity analysis method for quantifying system response uncertainties to given uncertainty sources. The feasibility of such a hybrid approach is established by applying it to the synthesis/design and operation/control of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system.     

Condenser Optimization in Steam Power Plant

In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters (such as turbine inlet condition, turbine power and condenser pressure) on heat transfer area, cooling water flow-rate, condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser. The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams.     

Synthesis,design and operation optimization of a marine energy system

Recent developments in the global fuel markets imposed the need of increased fuel economy and cost effectiveness of sea-going vessels. Optimization of the ship's total energy system, as a whole, is now a demand of the marine industry sector in order to address the significant increase of installation and operational costs. This study is focused on the synthesis, design and operation optimization of a marine energy system. A realistic example of a cruise liner energy system has been selected. Basic technology options have been identified and a generic energy system model has been constructed. Various configuration options, types of technologies and existence of components have been incorporated in the generic system. In addition, time varying operational requirements for this cruise liner ship have been considered, resulting in a time dependent operation optimization problem. The complete optimization problem has been solved using a novel algorithm, inspired by evolutionary and social behavior metaphors. A parametric analysis with respect to the fuel price demonstrated changes in the optimum synthesis of the system.     

电除尘器闭环控制及优化运行研究

文章分析了对电除尘器进行闭环控制的目的，结合具体的项目开发阐述了电除尘器闭环控制及优化运行的原理，并着重介绍了该系统的组成和设计方法。     

单元机组优化运行及分析的可视化组态

论述了基于图形界面的电站热力系统优化与运行组态软件的设计思想、系统特点以及系统的主要功能和实现方法。该系统可以适用于不同型号的单元机组的实时运行优化可视组态，组态结果可自动实现热力系统的实时经济性计算、性能优化和分析等。实际应用表明，该系统界面友好、使用方便、组态灵活、可扩展性强，具有较高的工程实用价值。     

Application of neural dynamic optimization to combustion-instability control

The suppression of thermoacoustic combustion instabilities represents one of the main goals in the design of reliable high-performances combustion chambers. Unstable dynamics arise when a non-linear coupling is established between the acoustic field and the flame front generating high-amplitude and low-frequency pressure and heat release oscillations, associated with the excitation of the combustor’s natural modes. Temperature and pressure peaks due to these phenomena are particularly harmful for the structural damage they can cause as well as for performance degradations and increase of pollutant emissions.     

重载组合列车操纵方案优化探讨

针对既有重载组合列车装备,分析了组合列车冲动大的原因,探讨了多台机车同步牵引重载列车的操纵方案,为保证列车运行的安全性和可靠性提供参考。     

Environmental aspects of thermal power equipment operation modes optimization

The article deals with development of methods for improving the efficiency of power generation in thermal power plants by means of main equipment operating mode optimization. The technique for efficient load distribution between cogeneration turbines for cogeneration of heat and electricity is introduced. The calculated fuel consumption corresponds to the optimal operating modes of turbines. The environmental aspects of optimization method have been considered. The economic effect from implementation of proposed technical solutions has been calculated. For more significant reduction of toxic compounds, generated in boiler furnace, the use of thermal effect from combustion of the hydrogen formed during the decomposition of the damp water, metered into the combustion chamber at temperature 1100 °C is introduced. The use of hydrogen additive as a source of additional stored energy due to combustion in the combustion device, expands the scope of its application in a power system significantly and provides normal emissions of toxic compounds into the air. The use of hydrogen additive in combustion refers to the best available techniques, implementation of which allows increasing the competitiveness of Russian energy production.     

基于混沌菌群优化的混合互补能源经济投资分析

在计算初期建设成本和维护费用的条件下,估测独立混合供电系统投资总价。提出运用菌群算法进行目标函数寻优。菌群算法对复杂问题具有良好的准确度和较快的收敛速度,并在寻优末期引入具有奇异因子特性的混沌优化,避免了菌群算法早熟现象的发生。MATLAB仿真实验表明:混沌BCC算法在估算混合供电系统投资成本领域的有效性和可行性。     

Gas dynamic design optimization of the mhd generator

The MHD generator is examined as a converter of the gas kinetic energy to electric power. A number of modeling assumptions allow determination of maximum power removal with the highest efficiency, both of which must be large for the MHD generator to be a practical component of a high efficiency energy conversion system. This paper identifies the optimal flow conditions and allows determination of the fraction of the flow's total enthalpy which can be removed as electric power.