基于SOA的多Agent协商服务及其应用

在简述一种融合了面向服务架构和多Agent协商系统特点的新的协商模型——基于面向服务架构的多Agent协商模型的基础上,设计了该协商模型的多Agent协商服务端,阐述了Agent中协商推理机在协商中的基本过程。面向服务架构的协商服务端与协商Agent管理平台组合起来,搭建起支持开放环境并开展协商的软件应用环境,实现了基于面向服务架构的多Agent协商模型在电子商务中的 应用。     

多Agent的自动协商

协商是多Agent系统实现协调、协作和冲突消解的关键环节。如何构造有效的协商模型来提高Agent的协商能力，是多Agent系统研究中待解决的问题之一。文章主要讨论了双边多项目协商问题，提出了相应的协商模型、协议和协商算法，具有一定的通用性。     

多Agent协商行为的效用分析

给出多Agent协商行为的一种统计模型以及效用函数的表达式,从统计的角度分析了多Agent协商行为的行为效用,并给出了相关参数的定性分析,从而为更好地设计多Agent系统的协商组织规则和协商策略提供了效用依据．     

一个基于多阶段的多Agent多问题协商框架

多问题协商是电子交易中的关键问题.多Agent技术的不断成熟为这个问题的解决提供了有效的途径.提出了一个以理性Agent为基础的基于多阶段的多问题协商框架,该框架在时间约束下适用于信息不完全的场景,它描述了多问题的价格协商.为了降低多问题协商的复杂性,它将多问题协商分解为多阶段协商,每个阶段的大小(问题数)相同.阶段数和顺序在协商前确定,每个阶段中的问题顺序在协商中确定.在阶段大小相同的情况下,对给定协商问题的分解,框架能给出优化协商议程(agenda).尤其是框架能为参与协商的Agent建立学习系统(LS),以增强Agent的学习能力.最后基于这个框架实现了一个原型系统,原型系统证明这个框架是有效的.     

一种基于多Agent分布式协商框架的工程调度方法

本文介绍了一种分布式协商框架,并提出了一种基于Agent的补偿协商方法用以解决工程项目中因不可预见的因素而造成的工程计划调度问题,以一个简单的例子分析了Agent的协商过程。     

基于多Agent自动协商的电子商务系统的研究

本文首先分析了多Agent系统的特点,并对基于博弈论的商品价格自动协商的双向博弈模型及其运行过程进行了探讨.在此基础上,结合电子商务系统的实际需求,提出了一种基于多Agent自动协商的电子商务系统,对该系统的组成单元及其运行过程进行了详细阐述,为该系统的具体实施打下了基础.     

多Agent协商领域中的拍卖

协商是多Agent研究领域的热点方向,对策论是目前多Agent协商领域研究的主要方法之一,而拍卖属于对策论研究范畴。总结了多Agent协商领域中一些重要的拍卖形式,并给出了拍卖过程的模型和一般的算法流程。     

一种多Agent多议题的协商模型

协商是多Agent系统实现协作、协调和冲突消解的关键技术。本文分析了协商问题的实质和协商过程,提出了一种支持多轮协商的多Agent多议题协商模型。模型中引入了Agent类型的概念,在信息不完全的条件下,协商Agent通过推测协商对手的类型来指导自身的提议策略和协商战术,使提议更具针对性,避免了盲目性,从而节约了协商时间,提高了协
商质量。     

多Agent自动协商策略和算法

针对传统协商过程周期长、代价高的问题,提出了三类形式化的曲线簇来描述Agent所采取的协商策略以及一种数学化和计算机程序化的多Agent自动协商算法。这三类策略分别为急躁型、节俭型和折中型。通过实验模拟发现采用所提出的协商策略和算法更符合人类思维的直观。该方法可应用于多种电子商务交易（如B2B和B2C）等活动中。     

拍卖在多Agent协商领域的应用

协商是多Agent研究领域的热点方向,对策论是目前多Agent协商领域研究的主要方法之一,而拍卖属于对策论研究范畴。总结了多Agent协商领域中一些重要的拍卖形式,并给出了拍卖过程的模型和一般的算法流程。     

Fuzzy Constraint-Based Agent Negotiation

Conflicts between two or more parties arise for various reasons and perspectives. Thus, resolution of conflicts frequently relies on some form of negotiation. This paper presents a general problem-solving framework for modeling multi-issue multilateral negotiation using fuzzy constraints. Agent negotiation is formulated as a distributed fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem (DPCSP). Fuzzy constrains are thus used to naturally represent each agent's desires involving imprecision and human conceptualization, particularly when lexical imprecision and subjective matters are concerned. On the other hand, based on fuzzy constraint-based problem-solving, our approach enables an agent not only to systematically relax fuzzy constraints to generate a proposal, but also to employ fuzzy similarity to select the alternative that is subject to its acceptability by the opponents. This task of problem-solving is to reach an agreement that benefits all agents with a high satisfaction degree of fuzzy constraints, and move towards the deal more quickly since their search focuses only on the feasible solution space. An application to multilateral negotiation of a travel planning is provided to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of our framework.     

Modeling Agent Negotiation Via Fuzzy Constraints in E-Business

In e-business, disputes between two or more parties arise for various reasons and involve different issues. Thus, resolution of these disputes frequently relies on some form of negotiation. This article presents a general problem-solving framework for modeling multi-issue multilateral agent negotiation using fuzzy constraints in e-business. Fuzzy constraints are thus used not only to define each agent's demands involving human concepts, but also to represent the relationships among agents. A concession strategy, based on fuzzy constraint-based problem-solving, is proposed to relax demands, and a trade-off strategy is presented to evaluate existing alternatives. This approach provides a systematic method for reaching an agreement that benefits all agents with a high satisfaction degree of constraints. Meanwhile, by applying the method, agents can move toward an agreement more quickly, because their search focuses only on the feasible solution space. An example application to negotiate an insurance policy among agents is provided to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed framework.     

Cooperative-Competitive Healthcare Service Negotiation

Service negotiation is a complex activity, especially in complex domains such as healthcare. The provision of healthcare services typically involves the coordination of several professionals with different skills and locations. There is usually negotiation between healthcare service providers as different services have specific constraints, variables, and features (scheduling, waiting lists, availability of resources, etc.), which may conflict with each other. While automating the negotiation processes by using software can improve the effciency and quality of healthcare services, most of the existing negotiation automations are positional bargaining in nature, and are not suitable for complex scenarios in healthcare services. This paper proposes a cooperative-competitive negotiation model that enables negotiating parties to share their knowledge and work toward optimal solutions. In this model, patients and healthcare providers work together to develop a patient-centered treatment plan. We further automate the new negotiation model with software agents.     

用基于代理的方法构建互联网业务环境

网络的最终价值在于它所能提供给最终用户的业务，而不是网络本身的通信能力．互联网已成为计算机网络业务实现的主要环境．随着互联网业务数量、种类越来越多，过程越来越复杂，人们急需构建一种合适的互联网业务环境，在此环境基础之上能够快速方便地实现业务生成、交付、配置、发现和管理，以业务为驱动来合理地使用网络资源．本文分析了业务参与方相互关系．提出了一种基于代理的互联网业务环境，确定了各种代理在业务环境中所需具备的功能，对业务过程和业务环境实现方法进行了说明。给出了一个基于此业务环境的应用实例．     

基于Jini/MA的分布式动态服务发现和协商的研究

通过基于网络的仪器设备远程操作,可以显著提高贵重资源的利用率。文章针对目前远程操作中存在的问题,提出了基于Jini和MA的分布式动态服务发现和协商,介绍了设计原理、系统框架、设备的服务化封装以及移动Agent的具体实现设计等。文章的原型系统在211工程项目——高校仪器设备和优质资源共享系统的子项目——数字化设备远程操作与监控中进行了初步的使用。     

Service Discovery and Negotiation With COWS

To provide formal foundations to current (web) services technologies, we put forward using COWS, a process calculus for specifying, combining and analysing services, as a uniform formalism for modelling all the relevant phases of the life cycle of service-oriented applications, such as publication, discovery, negotiation, deployment and execution. In this paper, we show that constraints and operations on them can be smoothly incorporated in COWS, and propose a disciplined way to model multisets of constraints and to manipulate them through appropriate interaction protocols. Therefore, we demonstrate that also QoS requirement specifications and SLA achievements, and the phases of dynamic service discovery and negotiation can be comfortably modelled in COWS. We illustrate our approach through a scenario for a service-based web hosting provider.     

一种基于上下文协商的动态服务组合方法

普适计算的计算环境和交互信息动态变化,为了提供适时适地的服务,服务组合除了满足用户的需求之外,还要适应环境的变化.以面向普适计算的分布式文档管理系统为例,提出一种基于上下文协商的动态服务组合方法,适应普适计算环境下资源动态变化的特点,同时满足用户对服务的需求.首先定义上下文和带有上下文信息的服务模型;然后给出服务和设备以及服务和用户之间的上下文协商约束条件,根据约束条件提出基本算法实现服务动态组合,并对基本算法进行优化;最后通过原型系统和实验验证算法的性能和有效性,并通过实验数据分析上下文对于服务组合的影响.实验数据说明:提出的方法能够应用在普适计算环境中上下文敏感的服务组合问题上,提高服务组合的动态适应性和网络资源利用率.     

Multi-Agent System Development Based on Organizations

Organizational models have been recently used in agent theory for modeling coordination in open systems and to ensure social order in multi-agent system applications. In this paper, we propose the employment of Organization Theory for the analysis and design of multiagent systems. Thus, we first discuss the current state of the art of organization-oriented multiagent system methods, placing emphasis on their organizational features. We also review human organizational structures, and we propose several guidelines for implementing agent organizations by means of Organization Theory. Our final aim is to employ well-known human organizational structures to develop multiagent systems.     

基于多AGENT的虚拟企业伙伴选择系统

伙伴选择是虚拟企业建立过程中的核心问题。在基于多agent的虚拟企业体系结构基础上,通过本体驱动的虚拟企业目标体系描述与分解,将虚拟企业伙伴选择问题表示为分布式约束满足和优化问题,并进一步以agent谈判的方式来求解该问题,最终得到优化的伙伴选择方案。本体驱动的虚拟企业目标描述与分解方法,为不同企业之间的谈判提供了通用词汇;用分布式约束满足和优化的方法对问题进行形式化描述,可以为企业之间的谈判提供论域和决策支持。分布式约束满足和优化方法的应用,为解决虚拟企业伙伴选择问题提供了一种新思路。