Interdiffusion of cadmium and nickel

Conclusions In an experimental investigation, the partial heterodiffusion coefficients of cadmium and nickel were determined for an annealing temperature of 270°C. It was established that the diffusion rate of cadmium markedly exceeds that of nickel. This difference accounts for the appearance of pores, inand an increase in volume of, compacts from mixed nickel and cadmium powders during sintering.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5 (149), pp. 87–92, May, 1975.     

Au/Sn界面互扩散特征

从扩散机制、扩散动力学、热力学以及相结构等方面,总结了室温范围内Au/Sn互扩散的主要特点。给出了Au/Sn互扩散中生成的AuSn,AuSn2,AuSn4等金属间化合物的主要性质。详细总结了不同Sn含量的Au/Sn扩散中,初始态、中间态和最终态的金属间化合物的形成次序、形貌、分布、演化等特征。采用热力学方法定量计算了不足量的Au或Sn的条件下Au/Sn扩散中各中间相的生成吉布斯自由能,较好地解释了中间相的演化规律。给出了Au/Sn扩散的扩散数据,以及主要中间相的生长特点,介绍了Kirkendall效应导致的相关效应。     

新型聚合物耐磨材料固化剂的选择试验

本文对新型聚合物耐磨涂层材料所用不同类型的固化剂性能及特点进行了分析说明,以固化后材料的抗拉强度和抗剪强度为指标对固化剂进行选择试验,确定了新型聚合物耐磨涂层材料适宜的固化剂类型和配比。     

Interdiffusion in the carbides of the Nb-C system

Interdiffusion coefficients in Nb₂C and NbC_1−x were measured using bulk diffusion couples in the temperature range from 1400 °C to 1700 °C. Marker experiments were used to show that carbon is the only component undergoing significant diffusion in both carbides. Carbon concentrations were measured by difference using electron probe microanalysis, and interdiffusion coefficients were taken from Boltzmann-Matano analyses of the resulting concentration profiles. This analysis clearly showed that, in NbC_1−x, interdiffusion coefficient varies with carbon concentration, and is expressed by

波纹补偿器在安钢3＃高炉应用

波纹补偿器在钢铁行业应用广泛,具有吸收变形保护设备、降噪减震、结构简单、安装简便的特点;同时它也是管道运行中的薄弱环节。本文主要介绍了补偿器在现场安装过程中出现的各种问题及应对措施,以及在生产运行时补偿器变形量的测量与分析。     

Interdiffusion of Sn and Pb in liquid Pb-Sn alloys

Coefficients for the interdiffusion of Sn in Pb-rich alloys and Pb in Sn-rich alloys were established using 1.5-mm-diameter capillaries and the semi-infinite rod technique. Interdiffusion coefficients are presented for the entire concentration range from pure Pb to pure Sn, for temperatures from 668 to 1031 K. The concentration dependence of the interdiffusion coefficients was determined by establishing the concentration along the length of the capillaries and calculating the coefficients using a finite-difference technique. The interdiffusion of Sn in Pb, extrapolated to 0 at, pct Sn, is given by

管道波纹补偿器的受力分析

介绍了几种波纹膨胀器的工作原理及使用原则,并对波纹膨胀器的破坏原因进行了分析,提出了详细的设计安装注意事项。     

Influence of Solid-liquid Interaction and Temperature on the Dynamic Dewetting of a Thin Polymer Film:A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the dewetting behavior of a polymer thin film on partial wetting solid surface at the early stage of the dewetting process. Spontaneous dewetting is initiated by removing a band of strip from both the ends of the liquid polymer film which has achieved equilibrium.The solid-liquid interaction and temperature were varied to show their influence on the dewetting dynamics during dewetting as well as the shape evolution of the liquid polymer film. As is consistent with the results obtained in previous researches, the liquid film recedes at a constant speed initially with different solid-liquid couplings and temperatures. Furthermore, smaller coupling parameters or higher temperatures tend to accelerate the recession speed of the liquid film and shorten the constant-speed recession duration. Obvious rims were not always observed. Both coupling parameter and temperature can influence the emergence of the rims.     

Ti-Al系中TiAl和Ti_3Al相层生长动力学和互扩散

本文研究了Ti衬底与A1膜(1.25～1.35μm)间,在温度580～800℃反应时,金属、TiAl及Ti_3Al相层生长规律,并用Boltzmann-Matano-Heumann和Wagner方法计算了Al在化合物中的互扩散系数和扩散激活能,找出了扩散系数随温度和时间的变化规律,计算结果表明,A1在TiAl及Ti_3A1中的扩散激活能分别为0.82±0.1eV和0.65±0.1eV。     

Categorizing Others: The Dynamics of Person Construal.

A fundamental question in social cognition is whether people categorize others on the basis of the social groups to which they belong. Integrating ideas from related work on face processing, the current research explored the emergence and boundary conditions of person categorization. Using speeded responses to facial stimuli as a marker of category activation, the authors showed in 3 experiments that person categorization: (a) occurs only under active-encoding conditions and (b) does not extend to applicable but task-irrelevant categorical dimensions, but (c) is sensitive to overlap in the perceptual features that support multiple categorical construals. The authors consider the implications of these findings for models of social-cognitive functioning and the component processes that support person perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interdiffusion in the TiO2 oxidation product of Ti3Al

Oxidation experiments have been conducted on Ti₃Al in the temperature range 1023 to 1273 K in a one-atmosphere pure oxygen environment. The oxidation products were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and found to be predominantly TiO₂ (rutile). The oxidation rate was observed to obey the parabolic rate law. Diffusivity data were obtained using the parabolic rate constant for interdiffusion of Ti and O in the oxide layer. Parabolic rate constants were calculated from oxidation rate data, and Valenci equations for flat sheets were used to calculate diffusion coefficients. The activation energy, Q, was found to be 295.43±5.90 kJ/mol, and the frequency factor, D ₀, was calculated to be 0.68±0.01 m²/s for oxygen in the TiO₂. The activation energy obtained in this study matches closely with that of oxygen diffusion in TiO₂ reported in the literature.     

Interdiffusion of Fe and Mg layers during annealing and deuterium absorption

Abstract

We compared the interdiffusion of a Ta/Mg/Fe/Ta/Pd thin film system after deuterium absorption and desorption at 250°C with an annealing of the film structure to 250°C. The combined X-ray and neutron reflectometry study shows that the layers start to interdiffuse at 250°C with the film structure still clearly visible. In contrast, after deuterium absorption and desorption the changes of the film structure are more severe. We observe an intermixing of the Mg/Fe/Ta/Pd layers with only the bottom Ta layer staying intact.     

Creating Space: The Fourfold Dynamics of Potential Space.

Winnicott conceived of potential space primarily in terms of the vicissitudes of illusion and reality. Loosened from its ties to illusion and reality, potential space is depicted in terms of 4 interrelated, dialectical processes (surrender-generation, recognition-negation, care-quiescence, and disruption-repair), which can be found, in part, in Winnicott's formulations. Reformulating potential space in terms of these fourfold pairs captures the complexity and paradox of the presence and absence of self-states in successful and failed developmental and psychoanalytic interactions. In addition, these 4 interpersonal dynamics more adequately extend the concept of potential space to all phases of human life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of Varying Molar Volume on Interdiffusion Analysis in a Binary System

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - There are seven approaches of determination of interdiffusion coefficients with respect to volume-fixed frame given in the literature. These methods are...     

Confirmation of the Grube-Jedele Procedure in Processing Interdiffusion Data in Binary Alloys

The 1932/1933 experiments of Grube-Jedele (G-J) reveal their discovery that 0–100 at. pct diffusion penetration curves can generate monotone composition-variant interdiffusion coefficients, \( \tilde{D}\left( X \right) \). G-J templated a smoothed infinite couple sectionally and sequentially curve via a set of constant \( \tilde{D} \) error function curves with local 2- and 3-point determined. The first and second derivatives created a monotone sequence of coefficient values. We detail this in processing G-J curves, remarkably revealing as with constant \( \tilde{D} \), that variable \( \tilde{D} \) obtained generates a \(\root{}\of{(t)}\) penetration dependence. This finding was later verified analytically via Ginzburg-Landau’s (G-L) 1950 variational-quantum, lattice-dynamical requirement that \( \tilde{D} \) lies outside the Fickian second derivative. The G-L and G-J procedures and analyses were supported in 1947 by Smigelskas and Kirkendall’s experimental discounting of Boltzmann’s 1897 purely mathematical theorem.     

Ti基与Al膜间互扩散系数的计算

本文根据Ti基与Al膜间的反应和扩散动力学提供的浓度分布曲线,用Wagner所列方程计算Ti基与Al膜间在Ti相变点(880℃)上、下,Al的互扩散系数D和激活能Q,找出了互扩散系数随温度和成分的变化规律。计算表明,激活能的大小是Q_(?)Al)>Q_(TiAl)>Q_(α-Ti(Al))>Q_(β-Ti(Al))。     

Interdiffusion,Solubility Limit,and Role of Entropy in FCC Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni Alloys

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - High entropy and sluggish diffusion “core” effects were investigated in an FCC Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni alloy by examining the nonequiatomic...     

Effects of Applied Strain on Interface Microstructure and Interdiffusion in the Diffusion Couples

The effects of applied strain on the interface microstructure and atomic interdiffusion in the binary alloy diffusion couples were studied using the phase-field model. In the two-phase diffusion couples, the single-phase regions are formed beside the interface without applied strain, and the width of single-phase regions enlarges as temperature increases. When the strain is applied, the phases are elongated and they are across the initial interface, which makes the diffusion couples to syncretize as the temperature increases or concentration difference decreases. In the diffusion couples formed by single and two phases, the larger composition difference results in the larger movement distance of interface, the atomic diffusion direction is determined by the initial composition difference. Under the applied strain, the elongated two phases are also across the initial interface with the small concentration difference. However, when the concentration difference is large, the two-phase region is recessional as the single-phase region moves forward. When the applied strain makes the morphology parallel to the initial interface of the diffusion couple, the single-phase regions are formed beside the interface.