高级别管线钢超低硫控制研究

 利用光学碱度计算了1873 K时CaO SiO2 Al2O3 MgO(10%)四元精炼渣系的硫容量,从理论上分析了精炼高级别管线钢超低硫控制的工艺条件,绘制出精炼渣硫容量、渣中硫、钢中溶解氧与钢中硫的关系图。分析了某钢厂LF VD高级别管线钢生产工艺,LF1（LF炉精炼初期）、LF2（LF炉精炼末期）和VD精炼渣的氧化能力w（（MnO+FeO））分别为11.92%、2.00%和1.1０%,精炼渣碱度分别为3.195、6.250和7.600,精炼渣的曼内斯曼指数M（R/w(Al2O3）)分别为0.09、0.17和0.18,精炼渣硫容量CS′分别为0.010、0.022和0.023。钢中硫的质量分数从LF1的80×10-6,降低到LF2的（20～30）×10-6 ,并稳定在VD末期的20×10-6以下,与理论计算相符。     

100 t转炉-LF精炼技术的开发和应用

安钢第一炼轧厂结合生产实际开发出脱硫、脱氧合成渣,并能快速实现LF埋弧精炼.采用所开发的精炼渣,能批量生产w([S])＜100×10-6和w([T.O])＜20×10-6的钢种,为进一步开发超低硫低氧钢积累了经验.     

低碳冷镦钢LF精炼渣的优化

通过工业试验对低碳冷镦钢的LF精炼渣成分进行了优化。试验结果表明:适合于冶炼低碳冷镦钢的精炼渣成分为w(CaO)=50%～55%、w(Al2O3)=30%～35%、w(CaF2)=5%～10%、w(SiO2)<5%、w(MgO)<5%、w(FeO)<1%;LF精炼过程可将钢水中w(S)从389×10-6降到50×10-6,w(T.O)从54.0×10-6降到21.1×10-6。当钢水中w(S)<50×10-6,钙处理后夹杂物中平均w(S)<1.9%。将优化后的工艺应用于低碳冷镦钢的批量生产后,精炼渣料消耗降低了6.5 kg/t,吨钢成本降低了10元以上。     

管线钢冶炼过程夹杂物控制

针对某钢厂采用“BOF→LF→RH”工艺流程生产的高级别管线钢,通过金相、扫描电镜、能谱等手段分析了钢中夹杂物,并从热力学角度进行了研究.结果表明当钢中的w(Als)=0.025％,若钙处理时钢中w(CaO)＞18×10-6,w(S)＜0.011％,可较易地将Al2O3夹杂变性为低熔点的C12A7.研究后提出一系列工艺优化措施:强化转炉顶底复合吹炼工艺、改善吹氩站和LF的吹氩制度、调整精炼渣系使w(CaO)/w(SiO2)控制在4.5～6.0,w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)控制在1.7～1.9,最终钢水w(S)可控制在0.000 8％以下,氧化物和硫化物的夹杂物级别控制在1.0级以内.     

改善钢水可浇性的生产技术实践

结合重庆钢铁炼钢厂生产工艺,分析了影响热轧带肋钢筋钢、光圆钢和SPHC等钢种钢水可浇性的主要因素,提出了改善钢水可浇性的关键共性技术措施:热轧带肋钢筋钢采用硅锰弱脱氧控制精炼出站,钢水中的w[O]=(30～50)×10~(-6);光圆钢采用硅+锰+少量铝弱脱氧控制精炼出站,钢水中的w[O]=(30～60)×10~(-6);SPHC采用高碱度渣渣洗,钢包顶渣w(FeO+MnO)5%、w(CaO)/w(Al_2O_3)=1.5～1.7;铝镇静钢采用钢包顶渣改质+钙处理,控制w[Al]≥0.020%,w[S]≤0.015%,钙处理后w[Ca]=(22～35)×10~(-6);控制LF精炼参数,开发LF分级精炼技术;钢水过热度18～23℃;提升耐火材料品质;建立钢水可浇性异常信息反馈及应对制度等。经生产现场检验,单中间包连浇炉数和钢产量均达到了公司历史最好水平。     

X80管线钢硫含量控制研究

基于首钢京唐公司X80管线钢的生产数据,从热力学上分析了转炉终点渣和LF精炼渣硫容量与钢中硫含量的对应关系,给出了精炼渣成分的调节方向。结果表明:精炼渣成分应控制在如下范围:w(CaO)为55%～60%;w(SiO2)为10%～12%;w(Al2O3)为20%～25%;w(MgO)为6%、w(FeO+MnO)小于1.5%。该成分的精炼渣最终硫分配比范围可控制在198～542。     

40MnB合金钢硼含量的控制

莱钢特钢厂用50 t电弧炉-LF(VD)工艺生产40MnB钢。结果表明,通过保持LF精炼渣的渣碱度3.0～5.5,喂Al线,并在LF精炼末期喂硅钙线,扒渣后50 Pa VD处理35～40 min,VD后喂Al线,再喂钛线,用铝皮包裹FeB₂₀C_0.5-A硼铁插入钢水中,软吹氩,硼铁中硼的回收率为65%～75%,钢中硼含量为0.001 8%～0.002 5%,钢中氧含量≤20×10^-6,氮含量≤80×10^-6。     

管线钢精炼渣系的开发与钢中磷硫氮全氧的控制

结合CaO-Al2O3-SiO2相图12CaO7Al2O3生成区域,设计开发了管线钢生产的精炼渣系(50%～55%CaO,6%～10%SiO2,21%～25%Al2O3,5%～8%MgO)。根据设计的精炼渣系大批量生产了管线钢,并对钢中的有害元素进行了控制(磷≤170×10-6、硫≤20×10-)6、氮≤50×10-6、全氧≤50×10-)6。     

50Cr5MoV轧辊钢LF精炼过程夹杂物的研究

某钢厂采用EBT—LF—VD—VC工艺生产50Cr5MoV轧辊钢,对该钢种LF精炼过程中氧、氮变化及夹杂物数量、粒径分布、类型进行了分析。结果表明:LF精炼后,钢液中w(T.O)由86×10-6降至55×10-6;w(N)几乎没变化,由57×10-6降至55×10-6,含有大量的TiN夹杂;经钙处理及软吹处理后,钢中夹杂物转变为CaO-MgO-Al2O3类和钙铝酸盐类,但钢液中仍含有较多的Al2O3夹杂,夹杂物数量约为20.28个/mm2。对精炼渣进行优化并采用埋弧操作和增大吹氩流量,可促进夹杂物的去除。     

LF快速造白渣工艺分析

从LF造渣的目的及造渣的难点出发,分析了脱氧、渣碱度(R)、渣量及渣成分对精炼效果的影响。通过对LF精炼实绩的综合分析认为:出钢炉渣改质、LF前期快速升温是快速造渣的前提条件;强搅拌、合理渣系是LF白渣脱硫的必要条件;控制白渣粘度、软搅强度和时间是保证精炼渣吸浮夹杂的基本条件;控铝钢的合理渣成分为w(CaO)=55%～60%;w(SiO2)=10%～17%;w(Al2O3)=15%～22%;w(T.Fe+MnO)2.0%;渣量为8.0～12.0kg/t,综合碱度为1.9～2.3时精炼效果较佳。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)