一种新的蒸气压方程

提出了一种新的2参数蒸气压方程,并用12种饱和蒸气压实验数据比较完整的典型物质对新方程的外推性与W agner方程、项方程和吴方程进行了比较。结果表明:新方程在三相点方向的外推性具有明显的优势,总体平均偏差为1.05%,而W agner方程、项方程和吴方程的总体平均偏差分别为41.4%,5.20%和5.60%;在临界点方向的外推性略差于W agner方程,与项方程和吴方程相当。尝试仅用4个实验数据点拟合各方程,结果表明:新方程在三相点和临界点方向同时外推的精度明显优于其他方程。     

PR方程与SRK方程在计算水露点中的比较与应用

水露点是天然气管道输送安全的一个重要指标。介绍了PR方程与SRK方程,利用两个方程的不同混合法则及相平衡计算,通过编写程序,计算出在相同条件下,不同方程之间计算出的水露点的差异,得出利用PR方程计算出的水露点较SRK方程计算的结果偏低。     

用SRK方程与PR方程求算双组分混合气体热力学性质

流体热力学性质的计算是化工热力学中的一类重要计算,立方型方程经常用于这类计算中。SRK方程与PR方程是在RK方程基础上发展而来的,具有比RK方程更好的计算精度。但现有教材中没有给出PR方程和SRK方程的剩余焓、剩余熵的计算公式,缺失了流体热力学性质计算的系统性。本文通过立方型状态方程的一般形式推导出PR方程和SRK方程的剩余焓、剩余熵的计算公式,利用Excel电子表格计算双组分混合气体的热力学性质。计算过程简捷明了,利于学生更好地理解混合物热力学性质的计算过程。     

海藻酸纤维对臧红T的吸附动力学研究

以自制海藻酸纤维为吸附剂,研究它对臧红T的吸附性能。用准一级动力学方程、指数函数方程、准二级动力学方程、粒子扩散方程、Elovich方程和双常数方程对不同染料浓度、吸附时间的曲线进行拟合。结果表明,后四种方程的拟合度较好,这说明此吸附是复杂的非均相扩散吸附过程,存在化学吸附,且膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制吸附速率。     

原花青素微胶囊释放动力学的研究

研究了原花青素微胶囊释放动力学及释放机制.测定了原花青素微胶囊在不同介质中的释放曲线,并用3种模型方程-零级动力学方程、一级动力学方程、Higuchi模型方程对原花青素微胶囊在正己烷与无水乙醇中的释放曲线进行线性拟合.结果表明,原花青素微胶囊在正己烷与无水乙醇中的释放动力学拟合结果的优劣顺序均为:Higuchi模型方程、一级动力学方程、零级动力学方程.原花青素微胶囊在正己烷与无水乙醇中的释放遵从Higuchi模型方程,为骨架扩散机制.     

用近似Broekhoff方程计算孔径分布

本文对计算孔径分布的Broekhoff方程做了简化,得到一组近似方程,实例计算结果证明它和原方程等效.近似方程的优点在于能制成专用机与吸附仪联用,加快数据处理.近似方程的适用范围为:10(?)—300(?)     

从液体混合物的粘度数据推算汽液平衡数据

<正>液体混合物的汽液平衡数据和粘度数据都是基本的物性数据,人们很早就开始了对它们的研究,并取得了不小的进展.对于汽液平衡的研究,人们提出了许多溶液理论和活度系数方程,例如Flory-Huggins方程,Van Laar方程,Margules方程,Wilson方程和其修正方程,NRTL方程以及UNIQUAC方程等;对于液体混合物的粘度,人们也提出了许多流体粘度理论,其中最著名的是Eyring反应速率理论.作者曾应用这一理论建立了一个新的液体混合物粘度方程,用于关联二元体系的粘度数据和推算多元体系的粘度数据,结果令人满意.     

关于Clapeyron方程推导的探讨

Clapeyron方程是物理化学中的一个重要方程,本文从数学多元函数微分的角度出发,介绍了一种简洁、严密的Clapeyron方程推导方法,对学习、研究该方程有一定参考意义。     

浮子流量计流量方程的原理分析与修正

为获得正确的浮子流量计流量方程,对现有习用浮子流量计流量方程在理论推导过程中存在的问题进行讨论,针对习用流量方程中物理概念混淆、忽略浮子高度和选用非典型浮子模型的问题进行了修正,推导出新浮子流量计流量方程:Q=αAR2g特征曲线。新浮子流量计流量方程相对于原有流量方程能够更合理的描述浮子流量计的工作机理。     

化工原理中伯努利方程的教学探讨

伯努利方程是贯穿整个化工原理教学过程的重点和难点。因此,针对学生在学习、理解和应用伯努利方程过程中存在的问题,改变传统的教学方法,把教学重点放在挖掘方程的内涵、阐述正确理解伯努利方程的关键点上,并讨论了正确掌握伯努利方程的应用及相关计算的方法和技巧。     

含醇溶液中分子扩散系数的分子模拟

利用分子动力学(MD)模拟验证了含醇溶液的无限稀释扩散系数模型和不同浓度溶液的扩散系数模型.选用的溶质分别为甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和甘油,温度为293.15K,压力为0.1MPa.计算结果表明:Dullien和Asfour方程适用于计算甲醇和乙醇溶液的扩散系数DAB;而对于其它醇溶液的扩散系数,Leffler和Cullinan方程较适用.     

Mathematical Relationship Between Surface Emission and Diffusion Coefficients

This naver analvzes the surface emission coefficient corresponding to anv diffusion coefficient expressed as an exponential function of the concentration diffusing substance in capillary porous solids. Theoretical equations for surface emission coefficient for both sorption and desorption are presented. Procedures to derive the diffusion coefficient and to verify the corresponding surface emission coefficient are made using experimental sorption data of aspen (Populur sp.) wood. It is of interest to note that the theoretical models for diffusion and surface emission coefficients can be established and/or evaluated using the same set of experimental dara.     

Mathematical Relationship Between Surface Emission and Diffusion Coefficients

ABSTRACT

This naver analvzes the surface emission coefficient corresponding to anv diffusion coefficient expressed as an exponential function of the concentration diffusing substance in capillary porous solids. Theoretical equations for surface emission coefficient for both sorption and desorption are presented. Procedures to derive the diffusion coefficient and to verify the corresponding surface emission coefficient are made using experimental sorption data of aspen (Populur sp.) wood. It is of interest to note that the theoretical models for diffusion and surface emission coefficients can be established and/or evaluated using the same set of experimental dara.     

A Stefan-Maxwell Analysis of Protein Transport in Porous Membranes

Abstract

The Stefan-Maxwell multicomponent diffusion equations were used to characterize albumin transport in ultrafiltration membranes in both an unstirred batch filtration device and a well-stirred diffusion cell. We developed a theoretical model for ultrafiltrate flux and concentration in the filtration device that explicitly incorporates the effects of protein polarization, protein osmotic pressure, and a flux-dependent sieving coefficient. Experimental data were in good agreement with model predictions, providing quantitative evidence for the predicted dependence of the apparent sieving coefficient on flux. Experimental data in the diffusion cell indicate that the effective albumin diffusivity in the 50,000 molecular weight cut-off membranes was four orders of magnitude less than the Brownian motion value. The Stefan-Maxwell diffusivities evaluated independently in the two experimental systems were in excellent agreement, indicating the general applicability of the Stefan-Maxwell approach to protein transport in ultrafiltration membranes.     

分子体积对丙烯酸酯单体在PMMA中扩散系数的影响

根据Vrenta Duda自由体积扩散理论的推论 ,说明分子体积对扩散系数有指数性的影响关系 ;利用实验数据验证了该推论 ,得到了分子体积对扩散系数影响的简化模型为lgD2 =ξ2 1lgD1+2 331。这对研究梯度型聚合物光纤折射率梯度形成具有较重要的理论意义     

反渗透过程的浓度极化及其传质系数测定

The relationship between osmotic pressure difference across the membrane and mass transfer coefficient is developed in this paper. On the basis of this relationship, a method for measuring mass transfer coefficient by using experimental data on reverse osmosis is established. Pitzer's equations are used to calculate osmotic pressure differences in order to assure accuracy of results. Under the conditions of constant operating pressure and bulk flow, mass transfer coefficient is scarcely affected by membrane structure, but decreases slightly with increasing feed concentration. The solute concentration in the polarization layer is calculated by using the measured values of mass transfer coefficient. Polarization layer concentration increases with augmentation in bulk concentration. However, their difference increases with increasing bulk concentration until a maximum difference is reached, and then decreases. Mass transfer coefficient increases with higher velocity of bulk flow. If mass transfer coefficient is so large that the ratio(PwΔπσ/k)becomes very small, polarization could be neglected.     

Model of Structural Relaxation in Glass with Variable Coefficients

The model of structural relaxation by Narayanaswamy deals only with the constant temperature coefficients of the glass property, p. The assumption is seldom valid for real glasses. In this work, equations are obtained for the fictive temperature of glass if the temperature coefficient, dp/dT, is a linear function of T or of 1 /T². The temperature dependence of p has no significant influence on the calculated fictive temperatures.     

Osmotic coefficients of polyelectrolyte solutions, measurements and correlation

Osmotic coefficient data for aqueous sodium polyanetholesulfonic acid, sodium polyacrylate and polydiallyl dimethylammonium chloride solutions were determined at 298 K by employing the isopiestic method. The measured osmotic coefficients increase with increasing concentration in the experimental concentration range (0.1-1.5 m). A molecular thermodynamic model developed previously for polyelectrolyte solutions has been used to fit the experimental data. The concentration dependence of the osmotic coefficients can be described satisfactorily.     

Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients Based on Adsorption Measurements in Model Extraction Systems

The drop volume technique has been used to measure the equilibrium and dynamic interfacial tension at the liquid/liquid interfaces of selected hydroxyoximes, as examples of chelating type hydrophobic metal ion extractants. The measurements for the kinetics of adsorption enable the calculation of diffusion coefficients. In this paper, new methods for the estimation of the diffusion coefficient by Fick's and the Maxwell‐Stefan equations are presented. The calculated values of the diffusion coefficient were compared with the values obtained from the short and long time approximation models of the Ward‐Tordai equation. The influence of the organic phase and the addition of non‐organic electrolyte to the aqueous phase on the estimated values of the diffusion coefficients were investigated.     

通过通量平衡分析计算经验和真实维持系数

The stoichiometric matrix of a simplified metabolic network in Bacillus Subtillis was contructed from the flux balance equations, which were used for reconciliation of the measured rates and determination of the inner metabolic rates. Thus more reliable results of the true and empirical maintenance coefficients were obtained. The true maintenance coefficient is linearly related to the specific growth rate and changes with the P/O ratiol. The neasured biomass yield of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is also linearly related to the P/O ratio.