多幅非均匀噪声图像的联合去噪法的应用及仿真

小波去噪是小波变换的重要应用领域之一。对多幅被空间非均匀噪声污染的图像样本提出逐点加权平均与自适应逐点阈值去噪相结合的联合去噪方法,并比较先加权平均(Average)后阈值去噪(Threshold)和先阈值去噪(Threshold)后加权平均(Average)两种不同的方案。仿真实验结果表明:逐点加权平均与自适应逐点阈值去噪相结合的联合去噪方法,对含非均匀噪声的多幅图像拷贝具有良好的去噪效果。     

改进小波阈值在红外热波无损检测中的应用

近二十年来红外热波无损检测技术迅速发展,并在较多领域都得到了普遍应用,但碍于其易受环境影响和工作元件不均匀的特殊性,非制冷红外热像仪原始热波图总存在一定程度的噪声污染,因此对原始热波图进行去噪处理是该技术的关键步骤。传统的改进小波阈值去噪方法局限于对阈值进行自适应分解尺度的改造,使阈值函数平滑连续保真。在噪声方差估计方面没有针对性的方法,而噪声的方差估计是阈值的关键变量,这决定了小波阈值去噪的效果。本文将根据红外图像噪声特性建立混合噪声模型,在噪声模型的基础上进行噪声方差估计、改进阈值及阈值函数,通过软件获取最佳函数参数,最后对仿真模拟结果进行分析,对真实图像进行处理评价,结果表明经改进后的小波阈值去噪方法相对于传统阈值去噪方法和部分滤波去噪方法具有更好的去噪效果。     

一种小波域与空域相结合的图像滤波方法

利用小波阈值去噪方法和传统空间域Lee滤波的特点,提出了一种图像去噪的的组合滤波方案。首先在小波域对图像阈值去噪,得到预去噪图像;再在空间域上利用自适应Wiener滤波器进一步提高恢复图像的精度。为了保证小波域和空间域两种算法之间的匹配,对预去噪图像中残留噪声的分布进行了研究,对其噪声方差估计做了改进,提出了一种估计噪声方差的近似最优公式。仿真实验表明,与单独的在小波域或空域去噪相比,该方法的均方误差和信噪比指标均得到了改善。     

一种小波域与空域相结合的图像滤波方法

利用小波阈值去噪方法和传统空间域Lee 滤波的特点, 提出了一种图像去噪的的组合滤波方案。首先在小波域对图像阈值去噪, 得到预去噪图像; 再在空间域上利用自适应Wiener 滤波器进一步提高恢复图像的精度。为了保证小波域和空间域两种算法之间的匹配, 对预去噪图像中残留噪声的分布进行了研究, 对其噪声方差估计做了改进, 提出了一种估计噪声方差的近似最优公式。仿真实验表明, 与单独的在小波域或空域去噪相比, 该方法的均方误差和信噪比指标均得到了改善。     

基于小波域HMT模型的图像去噪研究

研究小波域隐式马尔可夫模型树(HMT),提出了一种基于小波域HMT模型抑制高斯白噪声的改进图像去噪算法.首先将噪声图像沿水平、垂直及对角方向进行平移变换;然后对平移后的图像进行小波变换,建立其对应的小波域HMT型,分别进行去噪处理.最后取所有去噪图像的均值作为最终的去噪图像.在仿真实验中,对不同程度污染下高斯白噪声的Lena图像分别采用该文算法、小波域硬阈值与软阈值去噪进行比较.结果表明,该文算法很好地保留了图像的细节和边缘信息;提高了图像的峰值信噪比;抑制了Gibbs效应;具有较好的去噪效果.通过实验仿真可以看出,这种方法较好地去除了白噪声;提高了图像的峰值信噪比;较好地保存了图像的边缘和细节信息;抑制了振铃现象.     

非合作水雷目标图像非均匀强噪声去除方法

水雷目标探测会受到水下非均匀强噪声（有机质、悬浮颗粒等）的干扰,为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的去噪方法。首先优化局部保边缘滤波算法,提出了基于边缘感知约束的局部保边缘滤波,在模型中引入了一个空间自适应的边缘感知约束正则化项,用来更好地表征图像的边缘及细节,使得算法的保边缘平滑特性更好。其次针对强噪声的非均匀特性,采用多尺度策略,迭代地将优化后的模型运用到每个尺度的去噪结果上生成多尺度分解,并在多尺度分解的过程中,逐步增加去噪尺度,将不同尺度的噪声逐步从上一尺度的去噪结果中分离出来。实验结果表明,相较于其他经典去噪方法,提出的算法能够在更好地去除水下非均匀强噪声的同时保留水雷目标信息,对实时水雷作业有着一定的指导意义。     

基于噪声整形的语音去噪算法

针对非平稳环境噪声提出一种基于噪声整形的语音去噪算法.该算法以最小感知均方误差为准则,在Wiener滤波的基础上,采用听觉感知加权函数修正Wiener滤波方程,实现对噪声谱整形,使噪声谱分布特性跟随语音谱而变:同时引入频率补偿因子克服非平稳噪声谱对语音影响的不均匀性;采用快速噪声估计算法实现对非平稳的估计.实验表明,该算法能更有效地抑制背景噪声,提高了去噪后的语音质量.     

基于模糊PCNN的小波域超声医学图像去噪方法

在分析了斑点噪声和PCNN的特点的基础上,将PCNN引入到小波域中,并结合小波软阈值去噪思想,提出了基于PCNN的超声医学图像软阈值去噪方法(ST-PCNN),该方法的优点是实现了在小波域中利用PCNN来识别高频信号的小波系数,并采用相应的方法处理小波系数,改善了PCNN难以确定斑点噪声的位置和采用固定阈值造成高频信号损失的缺点,更好的保留了低于固定阈值的高频信号的小波系数;在此基础上,将模糊算法引入到PCNN模型中,进一步提出了基于模糊PCNN的小波域超声医学图像去噪方法(F-PCNN-WD),该方法利用模糊算法来去除PCNN点火过程中大于点火阈值的斑点噪声的小波系数,以更好的去除斑点噪声。实验结果表明,ST-PCNN和F-PCNN-WD方法不仅能够有效地去除噪声,而且能够很好的保留图像的边缘和细节信息。     

基于小波阈值算法的海杂波信号去噪

为有效提取噪声背景下的海杂波信号,针对海杂波信号非线性非平稳的特点,提出基于小波阈值算法对实测海杂波数据去噪。在噪声水平未知条件下,提出基于噪声主要在高频段且能量较小、信号主要集中在低频段思想的噪声判断准则。为验证小波去噪效果,将该算法对含有噪声的海杂波实测数据进行去噪,采用均方差和降噪信号信噪比两项指标来衡量去噪效果,并与均值和中值等去噪方法对比,小波算法在这两项指标均优于其他算法;此外,实验结果还表明,db2小波在双曲线阈值函数和HeurSure阈值模式下优于其他小波去噪效果。     

基于非抽样双树复小波变换幅值相位信息的图像去噪算法

提出了一种非抽样双树复小波变换域结合幅值阈值化和相位正则化的自适应图像去噪算法.首先将非抽样双树复小波变换系数进行幅值相位表示,在分析了幅值分布特点后,使用瑞利分布模型作为系数幅值的先验分布,然后在贝叶斯去噪框架下推导出闭式形式的阈值函数,为了更好地抑制噪声,我们亦对相位信息进行平滑处理,最后通过逆非抽样双树复小波变换得到去噪图像.由于同时对幅值和相位信息进行处理,实验显示所提算法抑制噪声效果明显,与一些经典算法相比,本文方法在主、客观上皆获得了有竞争力的结果.     

夹层散斑照相逐点滤波条纹特征分析

本文对夹层散斑照相的逐点滤波条纹的形成进行了理论推导，并就得到的有心二次曲线条纹的特征与散斑位移的关系作了详细的讨论。     

B掺杂ZnO纳米薄膜的结构和光学特性研究

采用脉冲磁控溅射法制备了B掺杂ZnO(ZnO:B)纳米薄膜,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计分别研究了薄膜的结构和光学特性。结果表明:ZnO:B为多晶纳米薄膜,具有六方钎锌矿结构,且薄膜沿着c轴取向择优生长;在可见光和近红外光谱区的透光性能良好,其中在可见光区的平均透光率大于84%,而在近红外区的透光率随着波长增加而逐渐降低至45%。运用逐点无约束最优化法分析计算了薄膜的光学常数,在可见光区,ZnO:B纳米薄膜的光学常数随波长的变化很小且数值基本恒定,折射率约为2.0,而在紫外区,光学常数随波长的变化显著。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.