A Polarization-Insensitive 1310/1550-nm Demultiplexer Based on Sandwiched Multimode Interference Waveguides

A polarization-insensitive dual-wavelength demultiplexer based on sandwiched multimode interference waveguides is presented. Polarization-insensitive multimode waveguides are achieved first by choosing a suitable refractive index of the SiN middle region. The demultiplxing function is then realized by adjusting the width and length of the multimode region. Simulation results obtained from three-dimensional beam-propagation method show that the demultiplexer can work at 1310- and 1550-nm bands for both polarizations simultaneously with a low insertion loss and a broad bandwidth.     

Theoretical Investigation of Polarization-Insensitive Multimode Interference Splitters on Silicon-on-Insulator

An ultracompact polarization-insensitive 1times2 multimode interference (MMI) splitter based on silicon-on-insulator is investigated theoretically. The impact of the insulator index on the size of the MMI and the polarization-dependent performance is analyzed. A polarization-insensitive 1times2 MMI splitter of 4 mum by 16.5 mum is shown as an example. Relaxed tolerances on MMI width (> plusmn100 nm) and length (> plusmn0.7 mum) are obtained for both polarizations while the polarization differential loss is kept in range of 0.1 dB and its excess loss is kept below 0.5 dB. In addition, a wide operation wavelength window of 150 nm is obtained for both polarizations as well.     

蝶形多模干涉耦合器的数值分析

设计蝶形多模干涉(MMI)耦合器时,需要根据所要求的功率分割比率确定器件的结构参量。作为矩形多模干涉耦合器的特征参量的耦合长度,通过数值分析对称干涉型矩形多模干涉耦合器的成像位置而得到,从而可利用模传输分析(MPA)法的公式设计出蝶形多模干涉耦合器的理论预期结构。使用有限差分波束传输法(FD-BPM)对设计参量进行校正,并且数值算出器件实际实现的功率分割比率。针对基于SOI晶片的设计实例表明,仿真得到的蝶形多模干涉耦合器的长度较理论预期大2～4 μm,实际实现的功率分割比率较理论预期值低且器件形状越偏离矩形,其值相差越大。     

Proposal for an Ultracompact Polarization-Beam Splitter Based on a Photonic-Crystal-Assisted Multimode Interference Coupler

An ultracompact polarization-beam splitter (PBS) combining a multimode interference (MMI) coupler and some photonic crystal (PC) structures is presented. The MMI coupler is designed to collect polarized powers reflected by or transmitted through an internal PC structure. The simulation result shows that the designed PBS is very short (about 50 mum), and has a low insertion loss, a high extinction ratio, and a broad bandwidth     

Compact High-Performance Multimode Interference Couplers in Silicon-on-Insulator

We demonstrate compact multimode interference (MMI) couplers on silicon-on-insulator that exhibit both high performance and relaxed tolerances. The devices are fabricated with a single shallow etch step on 1.5-mum-thick silicon, and have a footprint of 12.8 mum times 456 mum, including 100-mum-long tapers at input and output. In a Mach-Zehnder configuration, we achieve an extinction ratio larger than 22 dB for transverse-electric polarization and larger than 20 dB for transverse-magnetic polarization. This extinction ratio is maintained in the full 1520- to 1580-nm band and for MMI width variations in a range of 0.45 mu m. We also show appreciable tolerance differences between paired and general excitation MMIs.     

多模干涉耦合器重叠成像特性分析

根据多模干涉(MMI)耦合器的自映像原理,研究了输入场位置、位置数对重叠成像个数和成像位置的影响,总结出重叠成像规律,给出了重叠成像位置和成像个数的有关计算公式。用导模传输分析法验证了计算公式和重叠成像规律的正确性。     

All-Optical Discrete Sine Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform Based on Multimode Interference Couplers

In this letter, a novel method to realize all-optical discrete sine transform (DST) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed. The approach requires only one multimode interference (MMI) coupler and several phase shifters at the input and output ports. By properly arranging the length of the MMI coupler and adjusting the phase shifters, the DST can be directly realized all-optically. Meanwhile, the DCT is related to the DST with a simple formula. By changing the input phase and relabeling the output ports, it can also be realized on the MMI structure. The proposed methodology has no limit on the number of the inputs.      

Improving Multimode Interference Couplers Performance Through Index Profile Engineering

In this paper, a new technique is developed to improve high index contrast multimode interference (MMI) coupler performance. The technique is based on removing modal phase errors by introducing a perturbation in the lateral refractive index of the MMI section. Simulation results for several MMI devices show that this technique is able to provide extremely low excess losses and imbalance for all situations.      

Simulation of Tunable Power Multimode Interference Couplers with Deep Rib Structure

The muhimode interference （MMI） couplers, which operate at 1. 55 microns in deep rib InGaAsP/InP waveguide with large lateral confinement and tunable power splitting ratios, are of high interest in integrated optics. The gold contacts are applied on the top of waveguides where tuning is desired and the plasma effect will lead to negative refractive index change. The three-dimensional （3D） finite difference beam propagation method（FD-BPM） is used to model the tunable MMI couplers. The length of a 2 × 2 overlap-MMI is determined by FD-BPM, so the longitudinal position of tuning spots is obtained. The position of gold contacts with two types, the edge-pads or center-pad, are also determined. In our design, the length of MMI is 180 microns. If the width of pads is 50 microns and the refractive index is tuned from 0 to -0. 027, the power ratio is tuned from 50 ： 50 to the maximum 88.5 ： 11.4. For deep rib structure, the effective index（EI） method can not be used to simplify the 3D waveguide to plane waveguide because of its lower precision, and so the direct 3D FD-BPM simulation is necessary for the design of 3D MMI couplers.     

质子交换铌酸锂波导MMI光功分器

利用三维非旁轴近似光束传输法对退火质子交换铌酸锂渐变折射率分布波导中的自镜像效应进行分析与模拟.在此基础上,利用退火质子交换技术在X切Y传铌酸锂衬底上进一步制作了1×8 MMI光功分器.测试表明器件实现了1路分成8路的光功分功能.     

质子交换铌酸锂波导MMI光功分器

利用三维非旁轴近似光束传输法对退火质子交换铌酸锂渐变折射率分布波导中的自镜像效应进行分析与模拟 .在此基础上 ,利用退火质子交换技术在 X切 Y传铌酸锂衬底上进一步制作了 1× 8MMI光功分器 .测试表明器件实现了 1路分成 8路的光功分功能 .     

A Design Procedure for High-Performance, Rib-Waveguide-Based Multimode Interference Couplers in Silicon-on-Insulator

Single mode silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides offer a weak lateral confinement, which makes it difficult to design high-performance multimode interference couplers (MMIs) based on these waveguides. Here, a complete design procedure for single etch step MMIs with tapered rib access waveguides is presented, which yields low excess loss (0.1 dB) and good imbalance (0.02 dB). Furthermore, polarization dependence is low, and high fabrication tolerances are achieved, especially with respect to etch depth.      

基于多模干涉的光学逻辑编码器

根据多模干涉（MMI）器件的重叠成像理论,提出了基于MMI结构的光学逻辑编码器件,借助于区域相位调制方法,具体设计了一维2^3 bit光学逻辑编码器。根据光束传输理论,用Beamprop软件进行了输出态的模拟和输人参数的优化,通过不同的相位调制方法,得到了消光比大于11dB的各种布尔逻辑态。     

聚酰亚胺多模干涉器结构的加速度传感器

研究了一种基于多模干涉器结构的聚合物波导加速度传感器。根据多模干涉器的自映像原理,输入光场受到加速度作用与干涉区产生相对位移,各模式激励系数发生改变,导致输出场强的变化,从而测得加速度。加速度传感器的悬臂梁形变通过有限元方法进行仿真分析,多模干涉器的光传输性能通过束传播法仿真分析,优化了结构和光学性能。     

Polarization-Insensitive Ultrasmall Microring Resonator Design Based on Optimized Si Sandwich Nanowires

Bent Si sandwich nanowires are used and optimized to obtain an ultrasmall polarization-insensitive microring resonator (MRR). The used Si sandwich nanowire has a low refractive index layer between two Si layers with high refractive indexes. By optimizing the refractive index and thickness of the sandwiched layer, the bent Si sandwich nanowire becomes nonbirefringent theoretically. The designed nonbirefringent nanowire has a relatively good fabrication tolerance. By using such a nonbirefringent bent Si sandwich nanowire, an ultrasmall polarization-insensitive MRR is designed.     

渐变折射率多模光纤中的多模干涉应用研究

论述了SMS(单模-多模-单模)光纤结构的多模干涉基本理论,利用FD-BPM(有限差分光束传播法)对渐变折射率多模光纤和阶跃折射率多模光纤进行数值模拟,将自聚焦位置、激发模式等特征进行对比,给出渐变折射率多模光纤的优点。利用自聚焦效应,对渐变折射率多模光纤的聚焦和发散作用进行了理论分析,以较短的长度充当透镜的功能,并总结了现阶段的主要应用。     

Research Progress on Multimode Interference Switches

Optical switches are key components for constructing optical communication networks, so it is necessary to design optical switches and optical switch arrays with high performance and low cost. As one type of optical switches, the multimode interference（MMl） switches have received considerable attention due to their unique merits. The structures and operation principles of various types of MMI switches are introduced, and the recent progresses of MMI switches are also discussed.     

Design of a Polarization Insensitive Triplexer Using Directional Couplers Based on Submicron Silicon Rib Waveguides

An ultracompact triplexer which could be used for both polarizations is designed by utilizing directional couplers based on submicron silicon rib waveguides. First, the polarization insensitive directional couplers are realized by carefully choosing cross-sectional geometry of the waveguide. The length of the coupling region in the first directional coupler is chosen to separate the three wavelengths (i.e., 1490 nm to one port, 1310 and 1550 nm to the other port). The second directional coupler separates the wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm. For the channel of 1490 nm, an additional directional coupler is used to reduce the crosstalk from the 1310 and 1550 nm channels. The total length of the present triplexer is only 400 $mu{rm m}$, and simulation with three-dimensional Beam Propagation Method shows good performances for both polarizations.      

基于纤芯失配多模干涉的光纤折射率传感器

基于多模干涉效应的单模-多模-单模(SMS)结构光纤折射率传感器通常需要进行包层腐蚀来提高灵敏度,而且易受环境温度影响。为克服SMS结构的这些不足,提出了一种新型的基于纤芯失配多模干涉的光纤折射率传感器,由单模光纤-色散补偿光纤-单模光纤(SMF-DCF-SMF)级联光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)构成,长度不超过100mm。对其灵敏度、线性范围和温度特性等进行了测试,实验结果显示在测量折射率为1.33～1.39的折射率液时,特征波长与折射率呈线性关系,灵敏度为232.8nm,级联的FBG具有良好的温度校准功能。