定向凝固铁磁形状记忆合金Co-Ni-Ga的择优取向及其组织演化

采用液态金属冷却定向凝固方法制备出Co-Ni-Ga取向晶体,并研究了不同晶体生长速度下,晶体的轴向择优取向及其定向凝固组织的变化.结果表明:在温度梯度为250 K/cm、晶体生长速度为0.9 mm/min时,柱晶具有完全的〈110〉取向,存在单变体马氏体并有麦穗状γ'相析出;当生长速度提高至9 mm/min时,合金试样为〈111〉 〈001〉 〈110〉混合取向,凝固组织转变为单一的马氏体板条.EDS表明,定向晶体沿稳定生长区轴向成分比较均匀,无明显宏观偏析存在.采用此方法能够获得比较长的稳定的马氏体单变体区,为制备铁磁形状记忆合金取向多晶材料提供了新思路.     

磁性形状记忆合金Ni2MnGa的研究现状及发展

本文系统地阐述了Ni2MnGa合金的晶体结构、马氏体相变行为、相变应变、磁诱导应变及其形状记忆效应机理的研究现状，分析了影响Ni2MnGa合金马氏体相变、应力应变及各物理量的主要因素，介绍了Ni2MnGa合金的制备工艺现状及发展趋势，并提出了Ni2MnGa合金需深入研究的问题。     

铁磁形状记忆合金Ni-Mn-Ga单晶的马氏体孪晶再取向应力应变行为

采用定向凝固区熔法制备了铁磁形状记忆合金Ni53Mn23.5Ga23.5,Ni54Mn23Ga23和Ni50Mn27Ga23晶体.用线切割切取5 mm×5 mm×6 mm的长方体单晶,X射线极图法测定单晶体的生长方向与[100]方向相差小于5°.沿单晶试样的3个边分别进行压缩实验,研究马氏体孪晶再取向应力应变行为.结果表明,沿单晶生长方向为孪晶再取向最有利方向,孪晶再取向应力最小,仅为3-7 MPa.压缩能有效地提高马氏体变体的有序化和择优化,形成近单变体状态.     

Ni48Mn33Ga19合金的马氏体相变和磁性形状记忆效应

铁磁性Heusler型合金Ni2MnGa是近年来开发的新型磁控制功能材料，但其马氏体相变温度通常远远低于室温，不利于实际应用。本文研究了多晶Ni48Mn33Ga19合金的马氏体相变特征，发现该合金的马氏体相变温度已提高到室温以上。在室温下，分别测量了不同条件下制备的试样的磁场诱发应变，提出了增大材料磁致应变的有效方法。     

Influence of Sb addition on Martensitic and Magnetic Transformation in β+γ Two-phase Based Co-Ni-Al Shape Memory Alloy

利用OM，SEM，EDX，XRD，DSC和VSM研究了用Sb替代Al对Co41Ni32Al27合金马氏体相变和磁性的影响．结果表明Co41Ni32Al26Sb1合金仍然生成L10型马氏体，其马氏体相变温度和Curie点与淬火温度成正比关系，淬火温度每升高10K，马氏体相变温度约提高9K，而Curie点约提高7．5K．相同淬火温度下Co41Ni32Al26Sb1合金的马氏体相变温度比Co41Ni32Al27合金约高70K，而Curie点也高出15K．Co41Ni32Al26Sb1在1623K热处理时出现共晶组织，发生部分熔化现象．特别重要的是C041Ni32A12eSbl合金的马氏体相变温度范围大幅度缩小，为20-28K，只有Co41Ni32Al27合金的一半，有利于获得大磁致应变．用平均s＋d总电子浓度和平均磁价电子数分别解释了马氏体相变温度和Curie点的变化．     

Ni2MnGa铁磁形状记忆合金开裂的原位研究

对Ni2MnGa铁磁形状记忆合金的缺口试样,通过在微分干涉相衬显微镜下原位拉伸,研究了裂纹形核、扩展和马氏体相变以及塑性变形的关系．结果表明,拉伸时首先形成马氏体,当裂尖应力集中足够大时就会在裂尖产生局部塑性区,微裂纹易于沿马氏体界面形核,但也可在塑性区中形核．随载荷升高,微裂纹沿马氏体不连续形核,通过韧带剪切连接,从而导致裂纹扩展阻力也随裂纹扩展而增大．     

β基Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCox合金的马氏体相变和磁性转变

利用金相和SEM，XRD，DSC和VSM研究了Co含量x对Ni52Ga28Fe20-xCox合金马氏体相变和铁磁性的影响。结果表明：x≤6％时（原子分数，下同），Co代替Fe显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度，每1％Co可以使马氏体相变温度提高50K～60K，但对Curie点的影响不大。淬火温度从1423K降低到773K对马氏体相变温度的影响不大，但使Curie点提高20K-30K，其原因是母相的B2→L21转变导致的有序化程度提高。粉末试样X射线衍射发现1423K和773K2种温度处理后都只出现L10（2M）晶体结构类型的马氏体，并且合金粉末化后降低了马氏体相变温度和增加了γ相的析出，但块状Ni52Ga28Fe17Co3合金773K淬火后为14M型马氏体。     

Cu-12%Al合金线材的马氏体结构及其对力学性能的影响

采用连续定向凝固技术制备Cu-12%Al(质量分数)合金线材,通过改变熔体温度获得不同结构的马氏体,研究马氏体取向和形貌对线材力学性能的影响.结果表明:在引拉速度为10 mm/min、冷却水温为20℃、水流量为400 L/h、熔体温度为1 150或1 200℃的条件下所制备的直径为6 mm的Cu-12%Al线材均为马氏体组织.熔体温度为1 150℃时,定向凝固线材马氏体的母相择优生长面为(100)和(011),马氏体形貌呈枝状和片状,线材的伸长率为5.1%,断口特征为准解理断裂;而熔体温度为1 200℃时,定向凝固线材马氏体的母相择优生长面为(011)、(011)和(011),马氏体形貌全部呈平行片状,线材的伸长率达到16.9%,断口特征为韧性断裂.枝状马氏体在拉伸变形时阻碍位错滑移,抑制马氏体相变的发生;而平行片状马氏体拉伸变形时,有利于不全位错的运动,促进马氏体相变的发生,产生相变塑性,因而具有更强的塑性变形能力.     

快速凝固Ni48Mn33Ga19合金的加热相变组织和结构的研究

采用铜模吸铸式快速凝固法制备了非化学计量成分的Ni48Mn33Ga19合金,研究和比较了经常规冷却和吸铸式快速冷却工艺热处理后合金相变点以及组织和结构的变化规律。结果表明,加热相变过程均为两阶段相变过程;快速凝固工艺可使铸后热处理试样的相变温度接近室温;极高的冷却速率提高了组织均匀性;Ni48Mn33Ga19合金组织经热处理后由奥氏体转变成10层马氏体。     

DD32单晶组织对电子束浮区熔炼技术定向凝固的响应

采用电子束浮区熔炼技术对快速凝固法(HRS)制备的DD32单晶进行了重熔定向凝固处理，对在不同扫描速率下处理的DD32单晶重熔定向凝固组织进行了深入观察分析。结果表明，固液界面温度梯度是电子束扫描速率的函数，当电子束扫描速率为0．2mm／min时，固液界面的温度梯度≥1000K／cm。DD32合金较高的溶质含量及相对较高的扫描速率导致成分过冷而使单晶难于形成。当电子束扫描速率大于一定数值时，重熔后的定向凝固组织内可以观察到细晶和粗晶两种柱状晶区；熔区形态的变化和强烈对流是造成此时温度场和溶质场分布不均匀的最主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.