三烷基氧膦络合萃取一元有机羧酸

络合萃取法对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。选择甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸为分离对象 ,三烷基氧膦 (TRPO)为络合剂 ,煤油为稀释剂 ,进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验 ,测定了络合剂浓度、稀释剂组成等因素对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。实验结果表明 ,溶质的亲油性对络合萃取平衡影响起主导作用 ;随TRPO浓度增大 ,萃取平衡分配系数呈增大趋势 ;随溶质初始浓度增大 ,有机相的溶质浓度向饱和萃取量接近 ;饱和萃取量随络合剂浓度的增大而增大。对相平衡分配系数进行拟合 ,精度令人满意。     

三烷基氧膦(TRPO)萃取有机羧酸的研究

络合萃取法对有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。选择甲酸、乙酸、一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙本酸为分离对象,三烷基氧膦（TRPO）为络合剂,煤油为稀释剂,进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验。结果表明,溶质的pKa对络合萃取影响起主导作用。红外光谱定性分析表明,TRPO萃取有机羧酸为氢键溶剂比历程,负载有机酸的TRPO中的P＝0吸收峰的位移与有机羧酸的酸性有关。采用质量作用定量定律分析方法,建立了相平衡分配系数的表达式,模型拟合精度是令人满意的。     

三烷基氧膦反应萃取一元羧酸的规律

化学萃取法对有机羧酸稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性.萃取剂的相对碱性是表征萃取剂性质的重要参数.选取三烷基氧膦（TRPO）为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、己酸、一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸、乳酸9种一元羧酸为被萃溶质,研究了溶质种类、TRPO浓度对萃取剂相对溶质的相对碱度（pK_a,BS）的影响,探索了从化学反应基本理论出发研究络合萃取平衡规律的可行性.实验结果表明,对于TRPO/煤油萃取剂体系,pK_a,BS值不随TRPO的浓度而变化;而溶质的亲油性和酸性对pKa,BS值影响显著;从基本理论出发推证的只包含溶质的pK_a以及萃取剂的pK_a,BS的描述反应萃取平衡规律的数学表达式可以预测TRPO萃取有机羧酸的平衡规律,并对水溶性较小或萃取平衡分配系数较小体系的pK_a,BS值测定提出了简单、易行的修正方法.     

稀释剂对三辛胺萃取羧酸的影响

研究了三辛胺萃取羧酸过程的机理,发现该过程中稀释剂的影响十分显著,在不同的稀释剂中三辛胺萃取羧酸的分配比相差三十至七十倍。其萃取能力与三辛胺的浓度和稀释剂的性质有关。萃取剂浓度一定时,取决于萃合物与稀释剂的相互作用能力及其在稀释剂中的疏溶作用。相互作用能力越强,疏溶作用越弱,越有利于革取。     

三烷基氧磷络合萃取邻氨基苯酚的研究

络合萃取技术对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性,然而对同时具有Lewis酸性和Lewis碱性两种官能团化合物的络合萃取研究得相对较少。为了探讨该技术对两性有机化合物萃取规律,今以三烷基氧磷（TRPO）为萃取剂,邻氨基苯酚为萃取溶质,研究了稀释剂种类、溶液pH值以及溶质浓度等因素对邻氨基苯酚稀溶液萃取平衡分配比的影响;根据可逆络合萃取的基本理论,提出了同时考虑萃取剂络合萃取作用和稀释剂物理萃取作用的分配比的表达式。并通过参数寻优求出邻氨基苯酚的物理萃取分配常数m和表观化学反应萃取平衡常数K。结果表明,邻氨基苯酚主要通过氢键缔合与OAP的中性分子发生络合反应而萃入有机相,其在惰性稀释剂煤油中的分配比大于其在极性稀释剂正辛醇中的分配比。     

~(99)Tc的液液萃取—分光光度法分析研究

研究了一种针对99Tc的液液萃取—分光光度化学分析方法,其中99Tc的分析浓度范围为1.0×10-6～3.0×10-5mol/L。该方法基于从3.0mol/L硝酸介质中用30%TRPO—煤油萃取分离99TcO4-,将其转入有机相,然后将有机相与含KSCN的3.8mol/L硫酸溶液混合,生成有色络合物,该络合物在480nm处有最大吸收。该方法对99Tc的分析有较低的检测限,分析浓度可达1.0×10-6mol/L,另外,在所研究的铀浓度0～2.38×10-3mol/L范围内,铀的加入对99Tc的分光光度法分析没有明显影响。     

玉米化工醇重组分中有机羧酸络合萃取过程

采用络合萃取技术,以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为络合剂进行玉米化工醇重组分络合萃取有机羧酸过程研究。探讨了萃取剂浓度、稀释剂的选择、萃取时间、油水比(O/W)、釜残液酸度、萃取级数对萃取平衡常数(D)的影响。结果表明,经四级萃取后,玉米化工醇重组分中有机酸萃取率可达90.7%。     

有机羧酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究进展

络合萃取法对于极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。从络合萃取的反应机理、助溶剂及稀释剂的选择、络合萃取的平衡过程及工艺过程对有机羧酸稀溶液络合萃取的研究进展进行了评述。     

三辛胺萃取有机羧酸的机理(Ⅱ)──有机羧酸的pK_a值和亲油性的影响

在本文（Ⅰ）报研究的基础上,进一步考察了三辛胺──有机羧酸体系的红外光谱图．选用的有机羧酸为甲酸、丁酸、己酸和氯乙酸等．通过红外光谱分析定量求取了负载羧酸有机相的I值,讨论了有机羧酸的pK_a值和亲油性对不同形态萃合物组成比的影响．     

稀释剂对三烷基氧膦萃取草酸的影响

In liquid-liquid solvent extraction processes, diluents have a strong influence on the extraction mechanism and efficiency. In this study, benzene, cyclohexane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), butyl acetate, and 1-octanol were used as diluents in the extraction of oxalic acid by trialkylphos-phine oxide (TRPO). The effects of extractant concentration, initial concentration of oxalic acid and diluent type on the extraction equilibrium partition coefficient are analyzed. The sequence of the extraction ability by different diluents is MIBK > butyl acetate > cyclohexane=benzene > carbon tetrachloride > 1-octanol > trichloromethane. Extraction mechanism was analyzed and extraction model parameters were evaluated.     

溶剂萃取法分离提取衣康酸

研究了溶剂萃取法提取衣康酸的工艺 .首先进行了萃取剂的选择 .研究了萃取剂浓度、pH值、萃取温度在不同萃取体系中对萃取衣康酸的影响 .并在实验基础上建立了相应萃取分配的数学模型     

REACTIVE EXTRACTION OF LEVULINIC ACID FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS WITH TRI-n-OCTYLAMINE (TOA) IN 1-OCTANOL: EQUILIBRIA,KINETICS, AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT

Levulinic acid, a carboxylic acid containing a ketone structure, can be used as an acidulant in foods and beverages. Reactive extraction is a promising alternative for the recovery of carboxylic acids from aqueous streams. The design of an amine extraction process requires kinetic data for the acid-amine + solvent system used. In this study, equilibrium and kinetic data on the extraction of levulinic acid from aqueous solutions using tri-n-octylamine (TOA) in 1-octanol have been determined. The mass transfer coefficients of levulinic acid, TOA, and 2:1 levulinic acid-amine complex in 1-octanol were calculated from the acetic acid mass transfer coefficient, which was determined by measuring its fluxes of simple diffusion from kerosene to water. Based on the Hatta number and the criterion given by Doraiswamy and Sharma, the reaction regime has been found to be instantaneous reaction regime occurring at the interface on the organic phase side. An extraction model comprising equilibrium complexation constant w.r.t 2:1 levulinic acid-TOA complex formation, K_E2i (14.794 (m³ kmol^?1)²), and complex mass transfer coefficient, k_B2A (2.193 × 10^?6 m s^?1), has been developed.     

三烷基胺(7301)络合萃取对氨基苯磺酸稀溶液

利用三烷基胺 (730 1 )为络合剂 ,在较宽的 pH值条件下实验测定了对氨基苯磺酸稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数 ;分析了络合剂浓度、稀释剂种类以及溶液 pH值对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响 ;讨论了络合剂萃取对氨基苯磺酸偶极离子的质子转移过程 ,提出了平衡分配系数D值的表达式 .     

三辛胺萃取分离乳酸-醋酸

选择三辛胺为络合剂、正辛醇为稀释剂、乳酸和醋酸为被萃溶质 ,系统地研究了水相pH值及络合剂含量对单组分乳酸、醋酸及其混合物萃取特性的影响。在适当假设条件的基础上 ,建立了考虑络合萃取及物理萃取的单组分及双组分体系的相平衡分配系数表达式。在本文的实验条件下 ,随络合剂含量的升高 ,乳酸、醋酸的单组分及其混合物中各组分相平衡分配系数皆升高 ,分离因子 β增大 ;随水相平衡pH值的升高 ,相平衡分配系数均降低 ,分离因子也呈下降的趋势 .采用本文的模型进行模型参数拟合 ,其精度较好。利用单组分的络合反应平衡常数可成功地预测双组分体系中各组分的相平衡分配系数值     

SOLVENT EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIA OF TRIS(BENZOYL- TRIFLUOROACETONATO)COMPLEX OF COBALT(II) AND NICKEL(II) AS ION-PAIRS WITH TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM

Abstract

Solvent extraction of cobalt(Il) and nickel(II) in aqueous 1 mol dm^?3 NaCl solutions with benzoyltrifluoro-acetone(Hbfa) in carbon tetrachloride has been measured in the absence and presence of tetrabutylammonium(tba⁺). In the absence of tba⁺, M(bfa)₂ species is extracted and the extraction of cobalt(II) is better in the higher Hbfa concentration range but in the presence, M(bfa)₃ ^?tba⁺ type ion-pair is extracted and the extraction of nickel-(II) is always better. This is explained in terms that although the bis-nickel(II) complex is more stable, it is much more strongly hydrated than the bis-cobalt(II) complex and consequently its extraction is hindered but in the tris-complexes such a large difference of the hydration may not occur and the more stable nickel(II) complex is extracted better.     

EXTRACTION OF HNO 3 AND SOME IONS WITH TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE (TBP)-MIXED TRIALKYL PHOSPHINE OXIDES (TRPO)/KEROSENE

Tributyl phosphate (TBP) and trialkyl phosphine oxides (TRPO) are important extractants. They are widely used in industrial extraction processes, especially in the nuclear power industry. However, both TBP and TRPO suffer from several disadvantages. TBP has a low extractability for trivalent transuranium elements such as Am 3+ and Pu 3+ while TRPO has low loading capacity for HNO 3 and UO 2 2+ . The extraction of HNO 3 and 20 other ions of importance in the nuclear power industry was studied using TBP-TRPO/kerosene. The loading capacity of UO 2 2+ and HNO 3 in TBP-TRPO/kerosene was determined. The synergistic extraction characteristics of the mixture for Am 3+ and TcO 4 - were studied. the influence of high-concentration UO 2 2+ on the extraction of Am 3+ , Eu 3+ , Pu 4+ , and TcO 4 - was investigated. The experimental results show that TBP-TRPO/kerosene mixtures display both a high extractability for a number of ions and a high loading capacity for UO 2 2+ and HNO 3 .     

用煤炭生产化肥联产C1化学品的发展前景

本文从化肥与Ｃ＿１化学的关系出发论述了发挥我国煤炭资源的优势，发展大型水煤浆制氨联产Ｃ＿１化学品，以增强农产品的供给和提高人民物质生活多样化高度化的需求。随着科技经济的发展，我国将出现一个新的煤化工时代。本文供国家宏观规划和决策参考。     

原水天然有机物化学特性与消毒副产物关系

原水氯消毒过程中,氯会与水中的天然有机物(NOM)反应,生成三卤甲烷、卤乙酸等消毒副产物(DBPs).为了选择有效的饮用水净化工艺,控制消毒副产物的生成,研究天然有机物的化学特性及与消毒副产物的关系,是十分必要的.在总结NOM相似组分化学分离方法的基础上,概括了不同水源中NOM及各组分溶解性有机砌(DOC)的含量,对消毒副产物的贡献,化学组成以及可能生成DBPs的化学结构.不同水源中NOM及各组分DOC含量不同,相同组分对消毒副产物的贡献也有很大的差别,且NOM各组分的化学组成有一定的重叠,对生成DBPs的化学结构需继续研究.