Base-Level Cycles and Episodic Coal Accumulation—— Case Study of Dongsheng Coalfield in Ordos Basin

The advantage of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, which takes base-levels as reference, is that it can be applied to continental depositional basins controlled by multiple factors and can effectively improve the accuracy and resolution of sequential stratigraphic analysis. Moreover, the principles of base-level cycles are also suitable for analyzing sequential stratigraphy in continental coal-bearing basins because of their accuracy in forecasting distribution of coal measures. By taking the Dongsheng coalfield in the Ordos basin as an example, the extensive application of base-level cycles in exploration and exploitation of coal is analyzed. The result shows that the Yan＇an formation in the Dongsheng area is a long-term base-level cycle which is bordered by nonconformities and made up of five mid-term cycles and 13 short-term cycles. The long-term cycle and the mid-term cycles are obvious in comparison with a transverse profile. The episodic coal accumulation in the Mesozoic Ordos basin means that the deposition of primary matter （peat bogs） of coalification is discontinuous, periodical and cyclical in the evolution of the basin. The episodic accumulation of coal measures in the Yan＇an stage is controlled by ascending-descending changes of a long-term cycle and middle-term cycles. Coal measures formed during the early and late periods of the long-term cycle are characterized by multiple layers, big cumulative thickness and poor continuity. Coal measures formed in the mid-term of the long cycle are dominated by good continuity, fewer layers and a small additive thickness, which is favorable for the accumulation of thick and continuous coal measures in the transition stage of mid term base-level cycles.     

Fluid Potential Distribution and Oil ＆ Gas Accumulation in Tertiary of Western Qaidam Basin

With the development of oil and gas exploration industry, researchers and engineers have realized that the key element controlling the migration of underground oil and gas and other fluid is not the pressure of stratum, but the underground fluid potential. Therefore, it is very crucial to study the distribution rule of fluid potential in order to correctly determine the exploration target areas. This paper studies the fluid potential distribution in Tertiary of west Qaidam Basin, puts forward tile model of underground oil and gas migration and predicts the areas for further exploration.     

Concentration, Distribution, and Occurrence of REEs in Coals from Chongqing, Southwest China

The concentration, distribution, and occurrence of rare earth elements （REEs） in coals as well as stone coals in different geological periods from Chongqing were studied. The results show that the REE content in coals from Chongqing is much higher than that of the ordinary Chinese coals, the Late Paleozoic coals from North China, US coals, and the world coals. Although the concentration of light rare earth elements （LREE） is higher than that of heavy rare earth elements （HREE）, the ratio of LREE to HREE is as low as 5.11. The REE content decreases with the coal-formation periods from old to new. The REE content in the Sinian stone coal is the highest, but it is the lowest in Early Jurassic coals. The similar REE contents in bituminous coals and anthracite show that the metamorphism has a little influence on REE content in coal. In addition, silicate association dominates the occurrence mode of REEs in coals from Chongqing.     

Geochemical characteristics and genesis of volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks from porphyrite-type iron deposits in Ningwu metallogenic province,eastern China： Constraints from elements

Ningwu porphyrite-type iron deposits are located in Ningwu Mesozoic volcanic basin,which belongs to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River metallogenic province.The volcanic rocks can be divided into Longwangshan,Dawangshan,Gushan and Niangniangshan Formations from early to late.All these volcanic rocks are rich in alkali,and show the similar patterns in rare earth element（REE） distribution.However,some differences can be found in the trace elements and REE patterns.The study of petrology and REE geochemical characteristics shows that these rocks are derived from the underplating of the lithospheric mantle and are contaminated by crustal materials,undergo AFC process during the magmatic evolution.     

柴达木盆地西部典型油田原油地球化学特征对比

利用色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析技术,系统剖析了柴达木盆地西部南区尕斯库勒、油砂山油田(A区)与北区南翼山、油泉子油田(B区)原油的生物标志化合物组成和分布特征,探讨了A区和B区原油的成因差异及其地质影响因素。结果表明:A区部分浅层原油正构烷烃碳数分布不完整,具有异常高的姥鲛烷(Pr)与n-C₁₇峰面积比值和植烷(Ph)与n-C₁₈峰面积比值,说明A区浅层油藏保存条件较差,部分原油遭受了轻微生物降解; A区和B区原油中甾藿比均大于2.4,且甾烷C₂₇R与甾烷C₂₉R峰面积比值多大于1,指示这2个区域原油母质来源都以浮游藻类为主,但B区原油中甾烷C₂₇R与甾烷C₂₉R峰面积比值和补身烷系列相对含量普遍高于A区,表明B区原油浮游藻类和细菌生源贡献可能相对较高; 所有原油都具有低姥植比、高伽马蜡烷含量的特点,且都检测出一定丰度的β-胡萝卜烷,说明生成原油的烃源岩形成于强还原咸水沉积环境,但A区原油中姥植比、伽马蜡烷指数以及β-胡萝卜烷与C₃₀藿烷峰面积比值明显高于B区,且升藿烷系列呈“翘尾巴”分布模式,而B区原油则没有这种现象,揭示生成A区原油的烃源岩沉积水体盐度更高、还原性更强; 甾烷异构体比值(C₂₉20S/(20S+20R)值和C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα)值)表明A区均为低熟原油,而B区多为成熟原油。结合柴达木盆地西部第三纪湖盆沉积和构造演化史,认为南区与北区烃源岩沉积相带的不同空间展布情况是造成A区与B区原油地球化学特征差异的根本原因。     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷两类原油地球化学特征对比

依据珠江口盆地惠州凹陷不同类型原油样品中各类生物标志物分布与组成特征的分析结果,可以将其划分为煤成油和湖相油两大类。以HZ9-2-1井为代表的煤成油表现出强烈的姥鲛烷优势,C₁₉~C₂₆三环萜烷系列相对丰度呈现阶梯状依次降低,C₂₄四环萜烷相对丰度远高于C₂₆三环萜烷,藿烷系列C₂₉降藿烷和C₃₁升藿烷较为丰富,新藿烷(Ts和C₂₉ Ts)含量很低,甾烷组成中C₂₉规则甾烷和重排甾烷占绝对优势,这与典型煤成油的分子地球化学特征一致。湖相油中姥鲛烷优势较弱,C₁₉~C₂₆三环萜烷系列呈现以C₂₁为主峰的正态分布,C₂₄四环萜烷丰度与C₂₆三环萜烷丰度相当,新藿烷和重排藿烷含量中等,伽马蜡烷含量极低,2-甲基藿烷与C₃₀4-甲基甾烷十分丰富且存在正相关关系。它们可以作为鉴别研究区原油成因类型的主要依据。     

柴北缘冷湖构造带与马北油田原油地球化学特征对比

通过对冷湖构造带和马北油田26个原油样品中生物标志物分布与组成特征的系统分析,发现马北油田原油中姥植比(低于2.0)相对偏低,伽马蜡烷指数(0.10~0.20)相对偏高,甾烷组成中明显富含指示藻类贡献的C₂₇甾烷,且重排甾烷含量中等,它们与附近凹陷发育的中侏罗统湖相泥岩中的生物标志物分布与组成特征基本一致,显示它们之间存在成因联系;而冷湖构造带原油中姥植比(2.0~2.5)相对偏高,伽马蜡烷指数(低于0.05)相对偏低,明显富含指示陆源有机质贡献的C₂₉甾烷,且重排甾烷含量相对丰富,这一系列特征均明显有别于马北油田原油,而与冷湖地区发育的下侏罗统湖相泥岩中的生物标志物分布与组成特征相吻合,表明该地区发育的下侏罗统湖相泥岩是其主力烃源岩。     

河套盆地吉兰泰凹陷烃源岩展布与勘探潜力

河套盆地吉兰泰凹陷西北坡的金属探矿井在数百米深的元古界变质岩裂缝中发现轻质原油,揭示了该凹陷存在一定生烃潜力。利用地震相分析来解决固阳组沉积相带和烃源岩展布已成为评价该凹陷勘探潜力的重要问题。根据露头、钻井和地震等资料重点开展了地层对比、地震相和烃源岩展布等综合研究。结果表明:河套盆地吉兰泰凹陷下白垩统固阳组为断陷盆地近源旱地扇沉积,在固一段发育两期扇三角洲—半深湖沉积,松探1井、松探2井和吉参1井在固一段钻遇薄层暗色泥岩;暗色泥岩波阻抗高于砂岩,在地震剖面上形成强振幅反射;地震模型和属性分析表明湖相暗色泥岩沿NE向凹陷中心分布,最大累计厚度为45 m,一般为20~30 m;暗色泥岩总有机碳介于0.31%~2.63%,为Ⅱ_a-Ⅲ型,露头区烃源岩过成熟,松探1井为未熟—低熟状态;金属探矿井（ZK500井）540 m深度处变质岩裂缝原油和松探1井2 270 m深度处的4 m油砂含油属于同一油源,生烃期为上新世末期;地震剖面和航磁异常指示了ZK500井附近存在上拱的侵入体,导致了凹陷烃源岩成熟度的横向快速变化;有利生烃和勘探区应位于埋深较大的吉兰泰凹陷北部深凹带。     

苏北盆地白驹凹陷深层油气成藏研究

通过有机相分析、二次生烃机理研究、油气成藏静态要素和动态要素分析，对苏北盆地白驹凹陷深层油气成藏进行研究。认为：白驹凹陷深层烃源岩有机相包括B、B1和D亚相，下寒武统幕府山组(∈1mu)、下志留统高家边组(S1g)烃源岩为B亚相，生油气潜力大；无论一次生烃还是二次生烃，烃源岩总的产烃能力是一定的，二次生烃与一次生烃有一定连续性；白驹凹陷深层烃源岩二次生烃史极为复杂，大致经历了加里东期、海西-印支期、燕山期、燕山晚期-喜山期；根据成藏基本要素的不同，白驹凹陷深层油气成藏模式可分为下部油气成藏模式(下古生界)和上部油气成藏模式(上古生界)。     

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区X96井长7烃源岩地球化学特征及其对致密油成藏的意义

为深化致密油成藏机理,优选湖盆中部华池地区X96井展开全取芯的有机碳、热解、饱和烃色谱色质、干酪根镜检等分析及排烃、成藏等综合地质研究。重点利用这些分析测试资料对X96井长7烃源岩地球化学特征展开详细评价并探讨优质烃源岩在致密油成藏中的作用。X96井长7烃源岩包括油页岩、泥岩与粉砂质泥岩等3种类型,其中油页岩的有机质丰度高(平均15.8%),有机质组分以无定形体为主,有机质类型好(Ⅰ型为主),并处于生油高峰阶段,属于优质烃源岩。优质烃源岩生烃量大,强大的体积膨胀作用为其提供了充足的排烃动力,排烃作用较强,造成油页岩相对较低的残留沥青“A”转化率、饱和烃/芳烃值与产率指数,排烃效率超过70%。区域上,油页岩稳定分布于长7底部,上覆大范围致密砂岩,源储直接接触。此类广覆式展布的优质烃源岩大范围、高强度的排烃作用为致密油成藏提供了物质基础与动力来源,对近源致密油的成藏意义重大。     

Depositional environment of terrestrial petroleum source rocks and geochemical indicators in the Songliao Basin

To determine geochemical indicators for depositional environment favored by terrestrial petroleum source rocks, we selected 40 source rock samples from the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) and the first member of Nenjiang Formation (K2n1) in the Songliao Basin to qualify saturate fraction and aromatic fraction using GC-HRT (gas chromatography high reso lution time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and quantify important biomarkers using GC-MS. The results reveal that source rocks from the 1st member ...     

柴达木盆地东部第四系低丰度高效 气源岩地球化学特征及成藏机理

对柴达木盆地东部地区第四系鸭湖和盐湖剖面进行了露头取样,并利用Rock-Eval生油岩评价、色谱质 谱等实验分析测试技术对样品进行了地球化学特征分析。实验结果表明,样品有机碳含量变化不大,w(TOC) 为0.15%～0.75%,w(S1+S2)为(0.24～2.5)×10-3。第四系气源岩中的有机质类型多以Ⅲ型有机质为主,少 数为Ⅱ型,极少数为Ⅰ型。有机质主要来源于陆源生物为主的腐殖型和含腐泥腐殖型,是典型的低丰度有机质 气源岩。C29甾烷异构化参数C29αββ/(αββ+ααα)、C29ααα20S/(20S+20R)分布分别为0.34～0.38、0.27～0.33, C31升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)分布为0.49～0.56,显示第四系样品多处于未熟状态。巨厚的气源岩沉积厚度、第 四纪寒冷的气候和高盐度的水体环境及有效的生储盖组合是形成第四系大型生物气藏的有利条件。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界湖相油型油的精细划分与油源对比

含油盆地同一类型原油的精细划分与油源对比是有机地球化学研究的重要课题。大量样品的GC-MS分析资料显示,与鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组湖相烃源岩的17α(H)-C₃₀重排藿烷(C_{^* 30})相对丰度的变化特征相耦合,原油的C* ₃₀相对丰度也表现出了较为明显的差异性与规律性,并且C* 30相对丰度的变化与重排甾烷。C₂₉Ts、Ts等具有良好的关联性。因而,以C* 30相对丰度为主要依据,进行C* ₃₀/C₂₉降藿烷值-C* ₃₀/C₃₀藿烷值、C₂₉Ts/C₂₉降藿烷值C* ₃₀/C₃₀藿烷值等图解分析,可将中生界湖相油型油细分为异常高的C* ₃₀相对丰度、较高—高的C* ₃₀相对丰度和低C* ₃₀相对丰度等3类。在此基础上,开展油岩的甾烷、萜烷生物标志物的分布特征及相关参数、单体烃碳同位素组成等的对比,进一步结合烃源岩的发育特征、成藏组合特征等进行综合分析。结果表明:长7优质烃源岩(油页岩)是盆地中生界的主力烃源岩,长7、长9黑色泥岩是次要烃源岩,长6、长8暗色泥岩对油源的贡献有限。中生界油源供给呈“一源主导、多源参与”的特征。这一认识对于盆地中生界资源评价与进一步勘探具有指导意义。     

苏北盆地金湖凹陷西斜坡构造特征及构造演化

基于苏北盆地金湖凹陷的地质及地球物理资料,根据区域构造演化背景和剖面,描述了该凹陷的构造特征,讨论了该凹陷西斜坡构造演化阶段,并探讨了其构造演化特征。结果表明:金湖凹陷西斜坡地区断裂构造发育,大部分断层弧形弯曲,断层以小级别断层为主,断层组合以拉张型为主,断块圈闭发育;西斜坡在新生代期间的构造演化可划分为斜坡发育阶段(古新世阜宁期)、差异抬升阶段(始新世戴南期—三垛期)、逆冲褶断阶段(始新世三垛期末)、构造稳定阶段(新近纪和第四纪)等4个阶段;新生代构造活动强弱交替,断层活动差异性明显,古新世阜宁期和始新世三垛期断层活动规模和活动强度较大,新生代整体持续西抬东降,有利于聚集来自斜坡东部深部凹陷的油气形成油气藏。