晶界非平衡偏聚的发生与发展过程

采用硼（Ｂ）径迹照相法和透射电镜从实验上观察了连续冷却过程中Ｂ在晶界非平衡偏聚的发生发展过程。测定了晶界偏聚的富集因子、富集带宽度、贫Ｂ区宽度和贫化因子等偏聚特征参量 实验结果表明，对于Ｂ含量（质量分数）为１０×１０－４％的 Ｆｅ－４０％Ｎｉ合金体系，以 ２℃／ｓ的冷速从 １１５０ ℃冷却到 ６４０℃的时候，Ｂ在晶界上的偏聚经历了 ３段式的发展．并在８６０ ℃时开始向非平衡析出转化。 可以用晶界及晶界附近扩展畸变区对于溶质原子的吸附作用解释上述现象     

Ni3Al中B和Mg的非平衡晶界共偏聚

在1023－1373K的初始温度和0.05-268.91K/s的冷速范围内，用Auger剖层分析确定含B和Mg的Ni3Al合金中B和Mg的非平衡晶界共偏聚行为，按照溶质－空位复合体迁移机制所导出的描述非平衡晶界偏聚的扩散速率方程解析表达式，很好地模拟了本实验结果，并确定了Ni3Al-B-Mg合金中B及B－空位复合体，Mg及Mg-空位复合体的扩散系数及复合体激活能。     

Fe—P与Fe—P—Ce合金中的晶界磷偏聚及其对脆性的影响

用XPS,AES及系列冲击试验等方法对含磷0.032—0.22wt％的Fe-P和Fe-P-Ce合金中晶界偏聚磷的存在状态、偏聚特点及对脆性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,晶界上磷的存在状态与其偏聚量有关。当偏聚量较低时,为固溶态,且Ce的影响很小,而当偏聚量较高时,其存在状态改变,且Ce的影响显著。     

GRAIN-BOUNDARY PRECIPITATION UNDER IRRADIATION IN DILUTE BINARY ALLOYS

Irradiation-induced grain boundary segregation of solute atoms frequently bring about grain boundary precipitation of a second phase because of its making the solubility limit of the solute surpassed at grain boundaries. Until now the kinetic models for irradiation-induced grain boundary precipitation have been sparse. For this reason, we have theoretically treated grain boundary precipitation under irradiation in dilute binary alloys. Predictions of γ' -Ni3Si precipitation at grain boundaries are made for a dilute Ni-Si alloy subjected to irradiation. It is demonstrated that grain boundary silicon segregation under irradiation may lead to grain boundary γ'-Ni3Si precipitation over a certain temperature range.     

硼在体心立方Fe—3%Si合金中的晶界偏聚行为

利用硼径迹显微照相(PTA)技术研究了体心立方Fe—3%Si合金试样在冷却和淬火等温过程中硼向晶界的偏聚行为结果表明:Fe-3%Si合金中硼的晶界平衡偏聚趋势高于奥氏体合金,也不存在淬火诱导硼向晶界的非平衡偏聚.硼原子与晶界结合能Q=55.7 kJ/mol用淬火诱导非平衡偏聚的复合体机制解释了硼在Fe-3%Si合金与奥氏体合金中偏聚行为异同的原因.     

BEHAVIOUR OF BORON SEGREGATION AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN BCC Fe-3% Si ALLOY

The behaviour of baron segregation at grain boundaries in Fe-3% Si has been studied bymeans of particle tracking autoradiography(PTA).The results indicate that the tendency ofequilibrium segregation of B at grain boundaries in Fe-3% Si is higher than that in austeniticalloys.No observable nonequilibrium segregation of B at grain boundaries was revealed inFe-3% Si alloy during cooling and isothermal holding.The binding energy between boron at-oms and grain boundaries is 55.7±1.7 kJ/mol.Based on the complex mechanism of B segre-gation of quenching-induce-nonequilibrium segregation,different behaviours of B segrega-tion in γ-Fe and bcc Fe-3% Si alloy were discussed.     

奥氏体Fe-Mn合金的低温脆性

奥氏体型合金一般具有优良的低温韧性.本文对奥氏体Fe-Mn合金低温变脆现象进行了研究.实验结果肯定了低温下有冷脆倾向;指出随Mn含量增多,冷脆转变温度增高,呈沿晶脆断;发现Mn沿晶界偏聚,且Mn含量愈高偏析程度愈大;初步分析了晶界Mn富集造成冷脆的因素;未能证实前人提到的可能引起低温变脆的-100℃时面心立方→面心四方相变的存在.     

氢在镍基单晶高温合金中的扩散和溶解

本工作采用超高真空气相渗透技术，在３００￣４２０℃温度范围内，测定了氢在ＤＤ８，Ｒｅｎｅ＇Ｎ４两种单晶高温合金中的扩散系数，渗透率和溶解度常数，分析了缺陷对扩散系数的影响及氢溶解放热的原因。结果表明，在实验温度范围内，氢在两种单晶高温合金中的扩散系数，渗透率和溶解度常数均遵循Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系，空洞不是造成氢溶解放热的原因。     

SURFACE SEGREGATION IN Mo-La ALLOY WIRE

The surface segregation in Mo-4wt-% La alloy wire has been studied by using Auger elec-tron spectroscopy.The process of the segregation is that the La atoms diffuse from the grainboundaries to surface.The experimental results were analysed by kinetics of grain boundarydiffusion.The diffusion activation energy E_(?)=1.6 eV was obtained.     

大晶粒FeAl合金超塑性变形的显微组织演变和变形激活能

本文对大晶粒ＦｅＡｌ金属间化合物塑性变形的微观组织演变进行了研究，并测定了其超塑性变形激活能，显微组织分析表明，合金的超塑性变形是一个晶粒变形，内部形成亚晶界，进而亚晶界向晶界转换，从而使晶粒得以细化的过程，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ－１Ｔｉ和Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ－２Ｔｉ合金变形激活能的测定值分别为３７０，２９０和２６０ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１大大低于其他的ＦｅＡｌ基合金蠕变激活能，表明超塑性     

Mo—La合金丝的表面偏析研究

用Auger电子能谱仪研究了Mo-4wt-％La合金丝的表面偏析。结果表明,La由晶界向表面扩散。建立了晶界扩散模型,由晶界扩散动力学分析了La的表面偏析,推算出La的晶界扩散激活能E_a=1.6eV。     

INTERNAL FRICTION OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN Fe-P AND Fe-P-La ALLOYS CONTAINING TRACE Cu

The grain boundary internal friction(GBIF)in Fe-P and Fe-P-La alloys containing traceCu has been studied.It is found that an addition of 0.584—0.722 wt-% La obviously reducesthe IF,shifts grain boundary peaks towards higher temperatures,and produces a small addi-tional peak at even higher temperature.The mechanism of GBIF is explained as the movementof defects of atomic size,namely point defects,at gram boundaries and/or their clusters un-der stress.     

Zr对Ni3Al晶界及力学性能的影响

对不同Ｚｒ含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ的力学性能及晶界的研究结果表明：随Ｚｒ含量的增加，合金的屈服强度和抗张强度不断提高；当Ｚｒ≤０．７ａｔ．－％时，塑性随Ｚｒ含量的增加而提高；但Ｚｒ含量达１．２ａｔ．－％时，Ｚｒ的增塑效果下降．Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析表明：Ｚｒ在晶界有偏聚，偏聚因子约为３．断口观察显示：不含Ｚｒ或Ｚｒ含量为１．２ａｔ．－％的Ｎｉ－２４．０Ａｌ合金均为沿晶断裂，其余含Ｚｒ合金的断裂方式为穿晶、沿晶混合断裂．这表明：含Ｚｒ的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ塑性和Ｚｒ在晶界的偏聚有密切关系．     

含微量Cu的Fe-P及Fe-P-La合金的晶界内耗SCIEI

本文研究了含微量Cu的Fe-P及Fe-P-La合金系的晶界内耗。发现加进0.584—0.722wt-％的La,明显降低了合金的晶界内耗峰,使晶界峰向高温移动,并在高温处产生一个小内耗峰。对结果做了讨论。进一步阐明了晶界内耗机制:晶界中原子尺寸(即点)缺陷或它们的簇,在应力作用下运动引起内耗。     

DETERMINATION OF DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT OF CuCl_2 IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

The diffusion coefficients of CuCl_2 in aqueous solutions of CuCl_2 and CuCl_2-HCl weremeasured respectively at 298 K with diaphragm cell method. The concentration dependenceof CuCl_2 diffusion coefficient in single CuCl_2 solutions and in mixed CuCl_2 -HCl solutionswas discussed on the changes in chemical potential as well as in viscosity.     

氯化铜在水溶液中的扩散系数的测定SCIEI

用膈膜池法测定了298K条件下CuCl_2在CuCl_2和CuCl_2-HCl水溶液中的扩散系数。发现CuCl_2的扩散系数与其浓度依赖性主要取决于它的化学位和溶液的粘度。     

Ca对60CrMnCuV钢中硫的晶界偏聚及冲击韧性的影响

本文研究了微量Ｃａ对６０ＣｒＭｎＣｕＶ钢回火马氏体室瘟冲击的影响，并用Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析了沿晶口表面的Ｃａ及其它元素含量。结果表明，微量Ｃａ明显提高６０ＣｒＭｎＣｕＶ钢回火马氏的室温击韧性。Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析表明，Ｃａ在奥氏体晶界有明显的偏聚，促进Ｃｒ的偏聚，抑制硫的晶偏聚。认为Ｃａ抑制硫的晶界偏聚作用是韧化的重要原因。     

DIFFUSION OF La IN LIQUID Al-Si ALLOY

The diffusion coefficients of lanthnum in liquid Al-Si alloy have been measured successfullyby the anodic chronopotentiometry. At 973K, the diffusion coefficient of lanthanum(D_(La(Al-Si))) in liquid Al-5.2wt-%Si alloy equals (0.91±0.01)×10~(-5) cm~2 s~(-1) . In the rangeof temperatures 953-1053K, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the tem-perature is represented by 1gD_(La(Al-Si))=-1.78×10~(-3)-4909/T. The activation energy isQ=94.00kJ·mol~(-1). Using the diffusion data of lanthanum and strontium, the effect of thediffusion of the modifier on the incubation period of modification and cooling rate has beendiscussed.     

SEGREGATION OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS IN CAST Ni-BASE SUPERALLOYS

An investigation was made on the possibility of using Ni-x phase diagrams to judge the sym-bol and degree of segregation of alloying element x in cast nickel-base superalloys.The pre-diction coincides with the experimental data.     

镍基铸造高温合金中合金元素的偏析规律

研究了用Ni-x二元相图来判断镍基铸造高温合金中合金元素x处于正偏析、负偏析或者基本不偏析状态以及偏析严重程度的可能性,并用实验验证了正确性。