特高含水期脱水站简化优化改造的实践与分析

各大油田随着开发开采的进行,地面集输系统中存在的系统负荷率低、能耗高等问题日益突出。以大庆油田某区块脱水站简化优化改造为例,基于能量守恒基本原理,给出了集输系统中各类站能耗评价指标,结合现场实测数据,计算得到了改造前后脱水站效率和单耗,并进行了经济评价。结果表明,脱水站通过优化简化改造,其站效率提高了3.95个百分点,每年可以节电1.52×105kWh,节气3.16×105m3,节约投资运行管理费用总计509.09万元,取得了良好的节能效果和显著的经济效益。     

胜利油田节能技术发展现状与展望

介绍胜利油田近几年在油田地面工程优化简化、抽油机系统优化、放空天然气回收、原油常温集输、稠油热采和油气田高效节能设备等方面节能技术发展现状,并对未来油田主要生产系统的节能技术需求进行展望,提出地上地下整体优化、油田采出水余热利用、不加热集油、稠油热采、新能源与可再生能源利用等技术发展方向。     

华池联合站设备与工艺的节能改造

为降低集输系统的耗能费用,对华池联合站油气集输系统的耗能进行了分析,并提出改造措施。通过对管线和机泵的参数分析、改造工艺流程、调整泵的扬程和排量来降低能耗,达到了节能降耗的目的。     

管式加热炉空气预热器的仿真模拟与应用

以管式加热炉空气预热器为研究重点,研究和模拟了一般管式加热炉的运行流程和模型。依据现场实际装置布置,利用Aspen plus软件搭建了一般管式加热炉简化运行流程,应用多组实时工况数据,对模型进行验证,得到验证结果,符合实际工程要求。在此基础上,实施故障诊断分析和优化调整。总之,基于Aspen plus软件所建模型能够快速实现管式加热炉空气预热器的仿真模拟、故障诊断分析和优化调整。     

集输站自动优化运行及远程 监控系统的研究与探讨

根据油田生产需要,对集输站、水站等重要设施的自动化管理越来越显得尤为重要.运用目前先进的科学技术对之进行技术改造,从而达到节能降耗、自动优化运行的效果.下面我们来探讨一种集输站自动优化及远程监探系统.     

应用信息化手段降低原油集输的能耗水平

油田进入特高高含水期后期开发阶段,含水率不断上升,产油量不断下降,而且注水管网和输油管网老化越来越严重,穿孔频次增多,油水分离难度进一步增大,处理费用进一步增大,其中能耗迅速上升,直接影响着集输系统优质低耗经济技术指标的实现。近年来,集输系统结合生产实际,搭建信息化数据平台,通过信息化提升,将生产报表通过网络进行各单位共享,对集输生产运行参数与能耗参数进行日度、旬度、月度分析评价,及时调整运行参数,降低能耗,提高集输生产经营效益,积极将信息技术应用到集输工艺流程中成功地解决能耗高的问题,各项能耗指标均达到了中国石油化工股份有限公司的标准。     

浅谈吉林油田不加热集输技术

吉林油田在集输方面,不加热集输技术已在红岗油田和扶余油田成功应用,通过室内实验和现场试验,确定了不加热集输技术边界条件和技术关键点,并在全油田进行推广应用,实现集输系统优化简化,节约了管材,缩短了施工周期,减少了天然气和电能的消耗,实现节能降耗,经济效益显著、社会效益良好。．     

陆梁油田陆9井区A线集输管网优化调整

陆梁油田陆9井区A线计量站和井口回压超高,严重影响到了原油正常生产。为此,对该线的集输方式进行了优选,确定采用建复线的方式达到降低回压的目的。对该线的集输管网进行优化调整,优化了已建干线和新建复线所带计量站的个数,使管网连接方式达到最优,达到最佳降压效果,有效保证了陆9井区生产的正常运行。     

高含水期集输系统效率测试分析研究

分析了某油田集输系统工艺流程及能耗分布状况,并通过对集输系统管网、转油站、脱水站3部分效率测试及分析研究,给出系统目前的能耗状况,找到集输系统效率低、能耗高的主要影响因素,为油田集输系统下步节能挖潜改造指明方向。测试结果表明,管网部分井口至计量间的管道能耗严重,转油站、联合站及整个集输系统的热能利用较差．应加强保温工作。     

雅克拉集气处理站节能新举措

雅克拉集气处理站是集油气集输、天然气处理、凝析油稳定为一体的综合性天然气处理装置,是迄今为止中国石化(Sinopec)处理量最大、自动化程度最高的整装凝析气田天然气集气处理站.采用HYSYS软件,对雅克拉集气处理站油气处理系统工艺进行流程模拟,建立能量平衡及能流、物流、能耗优化模型,确认凝液分馏单元及凝液分离单元为主要能耗单元.开展各项实物量消耗系统检测和分析评价,了解用能现状,分析用能环节存在的问题,找出低效高耗能设备并挖掘设备节能潜力.通过对集输处理系统能流分布、用能情况、能耗检测、节能潜力的分析研究认为,降低产品损耗和凝析油稳定能耗具有节能潜力.继而通过凝析油外输泵变频控制改造、再生气系统改造、重接触塔凝液采出系统改造等措施,有效提高了雅克拉处理站轻烃收率,提高了液化气和轻烃产量,做到了合理用能.     

简化保证出力计算的一个有效算法

梯级水电站群长序列保证出力优化计算模型是一个大规模ｍａｘｍｉｎ模型．本文针对梯级水电站群的特点给出一个行之有效的简化算法──有效计算期算法（ＭＭ—ＮＣ—Ａ）．计算结果表明该算法有效．     

电站KKS标识系统的探讨与应用实例

电站KKS标识系统用于标识电厂、电厂各部分和设备组件.它可以按照电厂的任务、类型和位置标识任何类型的电厂.KKS编码的标识分为相关工艺标识、安装点标识和位置标识三类.采用KKS标识系统来管理、维护电厂的生产运行,可以大大提高企业人员的工作效率,增强企业的现代化管理水平,也是同国际电力行业接轨的主要途径之一。     

Energy sprawl,land taking and distributed generation: towards a multi-layered density

The transition from fossil fuels to renewable resources is highly desirable to reduce air pollution, and improve energy efficiency and security. Many observers are concerned, however, that the diffusion of systems based on renewable resources may give rise to energy sprawl, i.e. an increasing occupation of available land to build new energy facilities of this kind. These critics foresee a transition from the traditional fossil-fuel systems, towards a renewable resource system likewise based on large power stations and extensive energy grids. A different approach can be taken to reduce the risk of energy sprawl, and this will happen if the focus is as much on renewable sources as on the introduction of distributed renewable energy systems based on micro plants (photovoltaic panels on the roofs of buildings, micro wind turbines, etc.) and on multiple micro-grids. Policy makers could foster local energy enterprises by: introducing new enabling rules; making more room for contractual communities; simplifying the compliance process; proposing monetary incentives and tax cuts. We conclude that the diffusion of innovation in this field will lead not to an energy sprawl but to a new energy system characterized by a multi-layered density: a combination of technology, organization, and physical development.     

Minimizing the entropy production in a chemical process for dehydrogenation of propane

We minimize the total entropy production of a process designed for dehydrogenation of propane. The process consists of 21 units, including a plug-flow reactor, a partial condenser, two tray distillation columns and a handful of heat exchangers and compressors. The units were modeled in a manner that made them relatively insensitive to changes in the molar flow rates, to make the optimization more flexible. The operating conditions, as well as to some degree the design of selected units, which minimized the total entropy production of the process, were found. The most important variables were the amount of recycled propane and propylene, conversion and selectivity in the reactor, as well as the number of tubes in the reactor. The optimal conversion, selectivity and recycle flows were results of a very clear trade-off among the entropy produced in the reactor, the partial condenser and the two distillation columns. Although several simplifying assumptions were made for computational reasons, this shows for the first time that it is also meaningful to use the entropy production as an objective function in chemical engineering process optimization studies.     

A software to process daily solar radiation data

This work presents one software developed to process solar radiation data. This software can be used in meteorological and climatic stations, and also as a support for solar radiation measurements in researches of solar energy availability allowing data quality control, statistical calculations and validation of models, as well as ease interchanging of data.     

多输入多输出热工系统的辨识与建模研究

针对热工系统一般为多输入多输出的特性,介绍了多输入多输出辨识建模方法的基本原理,分析了将多输入多输出系统推导简化为多个多输入单输出系统的具体过程,在此基础上,研究了采用以独立伪随机信号为输入信号的多输入多输出系统的辨识试验方法及相应的辨识算法.利用上述辨识方法建立了某燃煤锅炉燃烧系统的动态数学模型,计算结果表明:该辨识建模方法对多输入多输出热工系统具有良好的建模效果.     

Flue gas conditioning for reducing suspended particulate matter from thermal power stations

Increased population and industrial development demands sustainable electricity, the majority of which is produced by thermal power stations, which utilize coal as a fuel all over the world. Coal burning results in generation of large quantities of coal residues, which contains very fine particles that tend to become air-borne and which contribute to the formation of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Hence, in order to safeguard the environment against the emission of SPM, pollution control devices, such as cyclone separators, bag filters and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) have been employed. In addition, flue gas conditioning (FGC) is practiced to increase the efficiency of ESPs, with the addition of chemical additives, or sprinkling water to the flue gas. This process increases the collection efficiency of the electrostatic precipitators, and thereby results in reduction of the SPM level. However, the effects of the process, which play an important role in efficient FGC, need to be investigated thoroughly before utilizing this method. With this in view, a critical review of various flue gas conditioning techniques employed for controlling the SPM level in thermal power stations is presented in this paper. The present study also reports analyses of data obtained from different thermal power stations in India as well as the rest of the world.     

混合式抽水蓄能电站过渡过程研究

为了适应电网发展的需求,具备一定地形地质条件的常规水电站可考虑通过增装蓄能机组扩建成混合式抽水蓄能电站。针对共用引水系统的常规机组和蓄能机组实际运行特点,基于特征线法和瞬变流理论,建立了水力过渡过程计算模型,并结合工程实例模拟了混合式抽水蓄能电站可能发生的多种过渡过程工况,确定了合理的蓄能机组的关闭规律,复核了已建调压室的稳定性。结果表明,通过对新增蓄能机组导叶启闭规律的独立调控,一定程度上可维持混合式抽水蓄能电站输水发电系统的安全稳定,避免增设调节保证设施;蓄能机组导叶关闭时间延长,在降低自身蜗壳末端最大压力的同时,可抑制常规机组甩负荷后的蜗壳末端压力及最大转速上升;对于既有调保措施威胁最大的相继增负荷工况,引用流量较大的常规机组优先增负荷比引用流量较小的蓄能机组优先增负荷引起的调压室最低涌浪值更高,更有利于调压室的稳定运行。     

Scale prevention method by brine acidification with biochemical reactors

Siliceous scale deposition often causes serious problems in geothermal power stations. In order to solve these problems, a number of scale prevention methods have been proposed to date, one of which is brine acidification. Although it is well known that silica deposition is prevented by keeping the pH of the geothermal brine acidic, the pH adjustment of the brine by mineral acid injection has not been commercially applied so far in geothermal power stations. A new method is proposed in which sulfuric acid can be biochemically manufactured from hydrogen sulfide in the gas exhausted from geothermal power stations. The applicability of this method has been experimentally confirmed in field tests with a biochemical reactor. It is believed that the method will provide an economical and environmentally-friendly acidification process to prevent siliceous scale deposition and will also contribute to the reduction of hazardous hydrogen sulfide emission from geothermal power stations.     

东北电网峰谷差及水电规划开发

随着社会经济的发展和电力市场的变化,东北电网峰谷差不断加大,供需矛盾日益尖锐,规划水电开发项目,开发建设抽水蓄能、扩建混合抽水蓄能、扩建机组、实施老旧机组改造,以增加水电装机容量,提高系统调峰能力,满足电力市场需求。