臭氧—生物活性炭工艺预处理海水试验研究

采用臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺进行长期去除实际海水有机污染物试验研究.结果表明,O3-BAC工艺可有效去除海水中的有机污染物,系统运行稳定,反冲洗对BAC去除有机物影响不大.对有机污染较严重的海水,臭氧投加量3～6 mg·L-1、氧化接触时间30～60 min、水温10.5～29.0℃、BAC滤柱HRT为1h情况下,O3-BAC 工艺对TOC、DOC、CODMn、UV254以及浊度的平均去除率分别在38％、34％、55％、55％、95％以上,出水可作为反渗透膜海水淡化的进水.     

自来水厂氨氮的活性炭深度处理

以佛山沙口水厂北江水源水为进水,考察了活性炭吸附（GAC）和臭氧．生物活性炭（O3-BAC）两种深度处理方法对氨氮的去除效果。结果表明：在低氨氮浓度下,GAC和O3-BAC对氨氮的平均去除率均为40％,最大去除率均为74％,BAC处理后的出水中三氯甲烷浓度较GAC的出水浓度低,而GAC处理成本低于O3-BAC,建议优先采用GAC工艺;在高氨氮浓度时,预氯化条件下如果控制沉淀池出水余氯≤0．1mg／L,则可以采用O3-BAC工艺除氨氮,适宜的氨氮浓度范围是0．59～0．62mg／L。     

UV/O3-BAC与O3-BAC处理二级出水中有机污染物的研究

将光助臭氧氧化-生物活性炭(UV/O3-BAC)新型组合工艺用于处理城市污水厂二级出水中有机污染物.考察了臭氧剂量、氧化反应时间和生物活性炭停留时间对出水水质影响,TOC去除率随着臭氧剂量、氧化反应时间和生物活性炭停留时间增加而增加;其优化工艺参数为:臭氧剂量为3 mg/L,氧化反应和生物活性炭空塔停留时间均为15 min.在优化工艺参数下,UV/O3-BAC工艺对TOC和UV254平均去除率分别达到46%和71%,比O3-BAC工艺(同样工艺参数下)对TOC和UV254平均去除率分别提高35.3%和14.5%;两组合工艺对有机物去除具有协同效应,其中UV/O3-BAC工艺的协同效应比O3-BAC工艺大.UV/O3和O3过程将水中大分子有机物氧化成小分子,增加了出水的可生化性,从而有利于后续BAC对有机污染物的去除.二级出水中主要有机污染物是酚类和酞酸酯等,经氧化处理后,二级出水中芳香烃和含一C=C-有机物消失或浓度减少,同时也生成一些小分子氧化产物,但经BAC处理后,污染物种类和浓度均大为减少.     

经生物预处理的臭氧化生物活性炭和生物活性炭除污染效果对比

本文试验研究了有生物接触氧化－混凝沉淀－砂滤处理工艺的后续臭氧化生物活性炭（O3／BAC）和生物活性炭（BAC）工艺除污染效果对比。试验结果表明：对常规指标加CODMn,TOC,UV245,NH4^ -N的去除效果，O3／BAC比BAC稍好，但没有显著的差别，即臭氧对BAC的影响不明显，两BAC池对卤代烷烃均有较好的控制作用，但不能有效去除萘、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二（2－乙基己基）酯；可能由于预加氯和用含氯水反冲洗，导致两BAC池出水Ames试验的T98－S9结果均呈阳性。     

O3-BAC组合工艺处理罐车清洗废水MBR出水研究

采用连续流O_3-BAC组合工艺对某罐车清洗废水处理站MBR出水进行了中试处理实验,研究了O_3-BAC组合工艺对COD、UV_(254)和TOC处理效果的影响,探究了处理工艺对废水中有机物的变化影响,对BAC反应柱中的微生物种类进行了分析。结果表明,在臭氧投加浓度为20 mg/L,O_3反应停留时间40 min,BAC反应停留时间1 h,曝气量为0.5 L/min,反应初始pH为8,H2O2投加量为0.4‰,强化生化工艺停留时间12 h,回流量100%,反应级数为2级条件下,O_3-BAC工艺处理出水COD平均值为69.9 mg/L,平均去除率为79.5%,UV_(254)平均值为0.592 cm-1,平均去除率为86.5%。经GC-MS检测分析,经O_3催化氧化后有机物种类大幅减少,主要污染物酯类、胺类、酚类和含氮杂环化合物得到了明显去除。前段BAC单元主要菌门为Firmicutes、Proteobacteria和Chloroflexi,后段BAC单元主要菌门为Firmicutes。O_3-BAC组合工艺可以对罐车清洗废水MBR出水进行有效的深度处理。     

臭氧-生物活性炭联合应用提高电厂补给水水质

针对于目前火力发电厂补给水中的有机物含量过高的问题,采用臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺对其进行处理。实验结果表明,当O3的投加质量浓度为3mg／L、接触时间为20min、炭柱停留时间为20min,O3-BAC工艺对CODMn的平均去除率为52．57％,UV254的平均去除率为68．15％。同时O3和BAC协同作用使O3-BAC的活性炭柱出水水质稳定,延长了活性炭的使用寿命。实验表明,O3-BAC工艺在锅炉补给水处理中的应用可行。     

针对O3—BAC工艺生物泄露问题后置砂滤池级配研究

利用砂滤池的截滤作用,对给水深度处理工艺炭滤池出水微型生物进行把关,解决O3-BAC工艺生物穿透问题。结果表明,后置砂滤池比常规净水工艺砂滤池出水微型生物密度小,后置砂滤池采用粒径较小的滤砂能更好地解决微型生物穿透现象。对于浊度为0.5 NTU左右的炭滤池出水,应适当采用粒径较小的滤砂,以提高对浊度的去除率,采用双层填料砂滤池可以使出水平均浊度降至0.10 NTU,提高了城市供水生物安全性。     

O3-BAC工艺对废水深度处理的研究进展

臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺是将O3的高级氧化能力与生物活性炭吸附降解能力相结合的新型水处理工艺.从O3投加量、反应器构型、O3催化剂、活性炭类型和BAC空床接触时间等角度进行分析,探究其对O3-BAC工艺的影响,介绍了目前的应用现状,以及应用中存在的问题,并对今后的发展进行了讨论和展望.     

UV/H2O2-生物活性炭工艺控制消毒副产物进展

针对水环境中存在的天然有机物(NOM),经过消毒工艺会产生消毒副产物(DBPs)的情况,叙述了UV/H_2O_2和BAC的工艺现状及其作用原理、UV/H_2O_2-BAC联合工艺对有机物的去除和DBPs的控制效果,总结了对该联合工艺的现存问题和发展趋势。认为UV/H_2O_2-BAC联用工艺可以最大限度地发挥有机物的去除效率和DBPs的控制效果,UV/H_2O_2和BAC之间存在某种协同作用,使得UV/H_2O_2-BAC联合工艺的处理效果大于2种单独工艺之和,降低了水处理厂运行成本,改善了出水水质。UV/H_2O_2-BAC联用工艺作用机理和作用效果仍存在较多空白,需要研究学者进行深入研究。UV/H_2O_2-BAC联合工艺的研究与改进,可以为未来各种水源水的处理提供的一种重要的处理方案。     

饮用水处理工艺中臭氧剂量控制消毒副产物生成势研究

依托江苏某自来水厂预臭氧+常规处理+臭氧-BAC深度处理示范工程,在浑浊度、TOC、CODMn、UV254等常规评价指标监测基础上,重点探讨不同臭氧投加量条件下各处理单元对总三卤甲烷生成势(TTHMFP)与总卤乙酸生成势(THAAFP)各类消毒副产物生成势(DBPFP)物质的去除规律与作用机理。结果表明,在预臭氧最佳投加量为1.1 mg·L-1,后臭氧最佳投加量为1.8 mg·L-1时,预臭氧和臭氧-BAC深度处理单元对THMFP的去除以三氯甲烷生成势(TCMFP)为主,其去除量分别占TTHMFP去除量的86.8%和60.2%,对HAAFP的去除在预臭氧单元以三氯乙酸生成势(TCAAFP)为主,占THAAFP去除量的77.2%,在O3-BAC深度处理单元以氯代卤乙酸生成势(Cl-HAAFP)为主,占THAAFP去除量的70.2%。深度处理工艺不同工艺段在最佳臭氧投加剂量下对TTHMFP及THAAFP的平均去除率分别可达21.9%及63.2%,生物可降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)总去除率达82.49%,说明该优化的深度处理工艺能够较有效地去除DBPFP,保障出水水质生物稳定性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。