Purely Longitudinal Guidance in Dielectric Waveguide Array

Rigorous analysis shows that independent longitudinally guided TE and TM modes are possible in dielectric waveguide array (DWA) as a two dimensionally periodic medium. Especially, purely longitudinally guidance is also possible and investigated in detail.     

Transverse Propagation in Dielectric Waveguide Array

Transverse propagation eigen equations for dielectric waveguide array (DWA) are derived and eigen solutions can be uncoupled into TE and TM modes. Numerical results shows that much stronger space harmonic interaction exists so that a series of interesting physical effect of canonical two-dimensionally periodic (2DP) medium can obviously be observed in DWA and related devices can be predicted, designed and realized much easier.     

介质波导阵列的横向传播特性分析

根据已提出的有关二维周期介质严格分析理论，针对介质波导阵列进行了大量的数值计算。对介质波导阵列中波的横向传播作了详细分析。首先，在给定纵向波矢量(k)的情况下，分析了在不同工作频率时的横向波矢量间布里渊区色散特性，对空间谐波的相互作用情况也进行了研究。其次，在给定工作频率的情况下，分析了不同纵向波矢量和不同调制系数时的横向波矢量间布里渊区色散特性。由于空间谐波的相互作用随纵向波数或调制系数的增大而增强，导致阻带能明显地表现出来，从而使介质波导阵列的横向传播特性能较为全面地得到分析。     

A General Approach to Guidance in General Two-Dimensionally Periodic Medium

Based on Floquet theorem and Maxwell equations, eigenvalue problem for general two-dimensionally periodic (2DP) medium is rigorously solved. The dispersion relation for piecewise uniform (PU) 2DP medium is derived in most general analytic formulations to suit all kinds of Dielectric Waveguide Array (DWA) configurations. Numerical results for a particular rectangular DWA are compared and shown to be in exact agreements with those obtained by previous different way, but recent method is much more universal and with much better simplicity and accuracy.     

Longitudinal Wave Propagation in Dielectric Waveguide Array

Based on the established rigorous theory for two-dimensionally periodic (2DP) medium, Longitudinal propagation in Dielectric Waveguide Array (DWA) was analyzed in detail. Firstly, given longitudinal wave vector (k _z), Brillouin dispersion relations between transversal wave vectors were analyzed. Interactions between space harmonics were also studied. Secondly, on condition that transversal wave vector k _x equaled k _y, dispersion relations between longitudinal and transversal wave vectors were analyzed in detail. Because of interactions between space harmonics increasingly getting stronger with k _z or modulation coefficients increasing, stop-bands could be distinctly displayed and thus longitudinal propagation in DWA could be comprehensively analyzed. The applications about longitudinal propagation in DWA were also discussed.     

Advancing Data Weighted Averaging Technique for Multi-Bit Sigma–Delta Modulators

Multibit sigma-delta modulators which employ the data weighted averaging (DWA) technique are plagued by base-band tone problems. The existing DWA-like techniques for solving these problems are categorized in this brief as tone-suppressing and tone-transferring techniques. Although tone-transferring techniques can achieve a better signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio than tone-suppressing techniques, they may behave unfavorably for input signals with dc components. A flexible DWA-like technique, designated as "advancing DWA" (ADWA), which can achieve both tone-suppressing and tone-transferring functions, is proposed. It can be configured as a tone-transferring technique by advancing the starting selection of the element array by a fixed step for the subsequent element selection cycle. Moreover, ADWA can also be configured as a tone-suppressing technique to reduce tones by randomly performing the advancing actions. Therefore, ADWA can be a reconfigurable technique that uses configuration settings from designers, or an auto-configurable technique that uses input signal detection schemes to set its configuration.     

介质波导阵列电磁特性分析

根据已提出的二维周期介质严格理论,比较详细地分析和研究了介质波导阵列的电磁特性．首先,对存在纵向波传播时(kz≠0)的空间谐波相互作用特征进行了分析,得出了横向波传播色散特性．其次,在横向平面上的两互相垂直方向的波数相等(kx=ky)时,对不同波频率下空间谐波相互作用特性及其产生的阻带分布特征作了详细研究,并对横向纵向波传播色散关系进行了分析和计算．最后,得出介质波导阵列存在纯纵向导波的十分有意义的结论,具有实用价值．     

Nonlinearity correction for multibit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ DACs

This paper presents a digital correction technique for wide-band multibit error-feedback (EF) digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The integral nonlinearity (INL) error of the multibit DAC is estimated (on line or off line) by a calibration analog-to-digital converter (CADC) and stored in a random-access memory table. The INL values are then used to compensate for the multibit DAC's distortion by a simple digital addition. The accuracy requirements for the error estimates are derived. These requirements can be significantly relaxed when the correction is combined with data-weighted averaging (DWA). Simulation and discrete-component measurement results are presented for a fourth-order 5-bit EF DAC. The results show a 14-bit DAC operating at an oversampling ratio of 8, which is suitable for digital subscriber line applications. The correction uses simple digital circuitry and a 3-bit CADC enhanced by DWA.     

The Convergence of the Eigen Equation for Dielectric Waveguide Array

The eigen equation for Dielectric Waveguide Array (DWA) established by [1] was discussed. The convergence of the eigen equation was also analyzed in detail. Numerical results for a particular rectangular DWA was presented. Compared with those obtained by previous different ways, faster convergence for the eigen equation was reached easily. The characteristics of the eigen equation for DWA was particularly useful in computer propramming and engineering.     

An interconnected 2D-TM EBG structure for millimeter and submillimeter waves

Due to their unique properties, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) materials are of high interest for applications in communication technology for many frequency bands from microwave up to optical frequencies. We have investigated in both simulation and experiment a two dimensionally periodic EBG structure made by reactive ion etching of silicon with a bandgap for transverse magnetic waves in the millimeter wave range around 100 GHz. The structure comprises both a large bandgap and a high mechanical stability due to interconnecting dielectric bridges.     

Two‐Dimensionally Ordered Copper Grid Patterns Prepared via Electroless Deposition Using a Colloidal‐Crystal Film as the Template

Two‐dimensionally ordered copper grid patterns with different pore sizes and thickness have been fabricated via electroless copper deposition using a colloidal‐crystal film as the template. The pore size of the grid can be adjusted by altering the deposition time. The copper films, with thicknesses of ≈ 100–130 nm and pore sizes of ≈ 100 nm, are flexible and can be peeled off a silicon wafer and rolled up into a reel. Three‐dimensionally ordered porous copper materials have also been prepared using a similar method.     

The Amplitude of Longitudinal Characteristic Modes in Dielectric Waveguide Array

It's not adequate to just obtain eigenvalue for solving eigenvalue problem. Since the eigenvalues associated with longitudinal characteristic modes in dielectric waveguide array (DWA) has been studied, the paper concentrates on the corresponding eigenvector, namely, the amplitude of these characteristic modes. Through numerical study of the amplitude of longitudinal guided TE and TM modes in DWA, space harmonic (SH) coupling and energy conversion effect have been discovered. The paper not only contribute to deep understand the mechanism of SH interaction, but also do good to analyze the resonance, radiation problem in DWA.     

输入缓冲结构ATM交换网络的窗口接入机理研究

本文了输入缓冲结构ＡＴＭ交换网络的窗口接入机理，首先分析了一种传统的相关窗口接入（ＤＷＡ）机理的最大吞吐率性能，然后，提出了一种独立的窗口接入（ＩＷＡ）机理，ＩＷＡ能彻底消除采用传统的ＤＷＡ机理时在输入缓冲器窗口中存在的队头阻塞现象，借助于概率母函数的方法分析了采用该ＩＷＡ机理的输入缓冲ＡＴＭ交换网络的时延和吞吐率性能，给出了求解平均信元时延和最大吞吐率的封闭显式，分析表明，ＩＷＡ机理的性能比传统     

基于数字水印的PDF完整性认证研究

通过对PDF文档逻辑结构的分析,在不改变原始PDF文档任何显示属性的基础上,提出并设计了一种针对PDF文档的可同时完成完整性验证和版权认证的数字水印算法。该算法根据PDF结构的特点,将各个页面信息流的MD5摘要信息与版权声明信息整合后经AES加密处理生成密文水印信息,密文水印信息最终通过伪装成PDF文档对象的形式,随机嵌入载体文件中。理论分析及实验结果都证明,该算法具有安全、高效和高冗余空间的优点,并且可同时完成载体的完整性验证与版权认证。     

A 14-bit current-mode ΣΔ DAC based upon rotated dataweighted averaging

A new dynamic element matching (DEM) algorithm, referred to as rotated data weighted averaging (RDWA), is implemented in a third-order ΣΔ digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with 64× oversampling and a conversion bandwidth of 25 kHz. The systematic and random errors are considered in the design of the 14-bit converter. The ΣΔ DAC is fabricated in a 2-μm CMOS process and includes the on-chip reconstruction filter. The prototype was designed to test the performance of the DAC without DEM, with data weighted averaging (DWA), and with RDWA. The results show that the new RDWA algorithm is capable of achieving first-order noise shaping while eliminating the signal-dependent harmonic distortion present in DWA     

2D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Biomedical Applications

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of organic crystalline polymers with well‐defined molecular geometry and tunable porosity. COFs are formed via reversible condensation of lightweight molecular building blocks, which dictate its geometry in two or three dimensions. Among COFs, 2D COFs have garnered special attention due to their unique structure composed of two‐dimensionally extended organic sheets stacked in layers generating periodic columnar π‐arrays, functional pore space, and their ease of synthesis. These unique features in combination with their low density, high crystallinity, large surface area, and biodegradability have made them an excellent candidate for a plethora of applications ranging from energy to biomedical sciences. In this article, the evolution of 2D COFs is briefly discussed in terms of different types of chemical linkages, synthetic strategies of bulk and nanoscale 2D COFs, and their tunability from a biomedical perspective. Next, the biomedical applications of 2D COFs specifically for drug delivery, phototherapy, biosensing, bioimaging, biocatalysis, and antibacterial activity are summarized. In addition, current challenges and emerging approaches in designing 2D COFs for advanced biomedical applications are discussed.     

An 18-bit high performance audio Σ-△ D/A converter

A multi-bit quantized high performance sigma-delta (Σ-△) audio DAC is presented.Compared to its singlebit counterpart,the multi-bit quantization offers many advantages,such as simpler Σ-△ modulator circuit,lower clock frequency and smaller spurious tones.With the data weighted average (DWA) mismatch shaping algorithm,element mismatch errors induced by multi-bit quantization can be pushed out of the signal band,hence the noise floor inside the signal band is greatly lowered.To cope with the crosstalk between digital and analog circuits,every analog component is surrounded by a guard ring,which is an innovative attempt.The 18-bit DAC with the above techniques,which is implemented in a 0.18μm mixed-signal CMOS process,occupies a core area of 1.86 mm2.The measured dynamic range (DR) and peak SNDR are 96 dB and 88 dB,respectively.     

Conformal Coating by High Pressure Chemical Deposition for Patterned Microwires of II–VI Semiconductors

Deposition techniques that can uniformly and conformally coat deep trenches and very high aspect ratio pores with uniform thickness films are valuable in the synthesis of complex three‐dimensionally structured materials. Here it is shown that high pressure chemical vapor deposition can be used to deposit conformal films of II–VI semiconductors such as ZnSe, ZnS, and ZnO into high aspect ratio pores. Microstructured optical fibers serve as tailored templates for the patterning of II–VI semiconductor microwire arrays of these materials with precision and flexibility. In this way, centimeters‐long microwires with exterior surfaces that conform well to the nearly atomically smooth silica templates can be fabricated by conformal coating. This process allows for II–VI semiconductors, which cannot be processed into optical fibers with conventional techniques, to be fabricated into step index and microstructured optical fibers.     

介质壁加速器用GaAs光导开关的通态电阻测量

GaAs光导开关可作为紧凑型脉冲功率系统的主要器件,如光导开关在介质壁加速器中的应用。为了研究通态电阻对开关性能的影响,采用平板传输线和同轴电缆作为脉冲形成线,测量了3mm电极间隙的GaAs光导开关的通态电阻。测量结果表明：电极间隙为3mm的GaAs光导开关的通态电阻为14．9Ω,光导开关通态电阻的存在将导致开关热损伤,降低脉冲功率系统的电压输出能力,缩短GaAs光导开关的使用寿命。     

Fabrication of Ordered Nanostructured Arrays Using Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Replica Molds Based on Three‐Dimensional Colloidal Crystals

Hexagonally arrayed structures of colloidal crystals with uniform surface are a good candidate for master molds to be used in soft lithography. Here, the fabrication of periodically arrayed nanostructures using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds based on three‐dimensionally (3D) ordered colloidal crystals is reported. A robust, high‐quality 3D colloidal‐crystal master molds is prepared using the colloidal suspension containing a water‐soluble polymer. The surface patterns of the 3D colloidal crystals can then be transferred onto a polymer film via soft lithography, by means of the replication of the surface pattern with PDMS. Various hexagonally arrayed nanostructure patterns can be fabricated, including close‐packed and non‐close‐packed 2D arrays and honeycomb structures by the structural modification of the 3D colloidal‐crystal templates. The replicated hexagonally arrayed structures can also be used as templates for producing colloidal crystals with 2D superlattices.