高熔体流动速率抗冲共聚聚丙烯M30RH的开发

在环管聚丙烯(PP)装置上利用非对称外给电子体技术和直接聚合法生产了高熔体流动速率抗冲共聚PP M30RH。通过工艺改造、优化操作参数、筛选后期活性更高的DQC602型催化剂、采用使PP刚韧平衡性更好的成核剂VP-101B,实现了M30RH的大批量稳定生产。与用降解法生产的国内同类PP相比,M30RH无异味、不发黄,刚韧平衡性好,在洗衣机和汽车零部件专用改性树脂等领域得到广泛应用。     

环管工艺氢调法生产高熔体流动速率抗冲击共聚PP M30RH

在双环管反应器与气相反应器串联的聚丙烯(PP)装置上,通过非对称给电子体注入技术,利用氢调法并控制气相反应器中乙烯含量以及乙烯气与乙烯和丙烯混合气的摩尔比,使产品中橡胶相含量合理,最终生产出刚性和韧性相对平衡的高熔体流动速率(30.0 g/10 min)、抗冲击共聚PP M30RH。M30RH在-20℃时的缺口冲击强度达3.9 kJ/m2以上,弯曲模量可达1 200 MPa以上,各项性能均达到国内同类产品水平,产品得到用户认可并应用于多个领域。     

加工和测试温度对聚丙烯物性影响

研究了熔体温度、模具温度、状态调节温度等对均聚聚丙烯(PP)、抗冲共聚PP及无规共聚PP宏观性能的影响,分析了它们对PP微观形态的影响.结果表明,较低的熔体温度利于PP物性的提高；较高的模具温度利于PP刚性的提高.比较而言,抗冲共聚PP对熔体温度和模具温度的变化反应更加敏感.     

低收缩率聚丙烯改性料的制备研究

考察了不同类型聚丙烯(PP)的收缩率,研究了无机填料、增韧剂改性PP的性能及其收缩率变化情况。结果表明：不同类型PP的收缩率不同,均聚PP收缩率最大,无规共聚PP次之,抗冲共聚PP最小。当抗冲共聚PP中乙烯含量增加时,其收缩率降低。模塑试样放置0.5～5.0 h以内时,模具温度越高,收缩率越大;随着放置时间延长,PP收缩率继续增大,放置5.0 h以上时收缩率随时间延长变化不大。添加无机填料改性可以降低PP收缩率,与连续玻璃纤维(GF)和短切GF相比,滑石粉改性对降低PP收缩率更有效。聚烯烃弹性体(POE)和茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)具有较好的增韧作用;当滑石粉和mLLDPE质量分数分别为30.0%和15.0%时,采用进口抗冲共聚PP制备的复合材料刚韧综合性能良好,平行和垂直流道方向的收缩率均为0.50%。     

注射工艺条件对抗冲共聚PP性能的影响

研究了注射成型工艺条件对抗冲共聚聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响.分析了熔体温度、注射速率、注射压力对抗冲共聚PP微观形态的影响.熔体温度为200～220℃,注射速率为45～90 mm/s,抗冲共聚PP的弯曲模量最大相差近10％,冲击试样的断裂方式发生改变,负荷变形温度最大相差5℃.注射压力的变化对抗冲共聚PP的性能影响不大....     

反应器内生产抗冲改性聚丙烯的工艺进展

综述了反应器内生产抗冲改性聚丙烯(PP)的典型工艺。特别介绍了Basell公司最近开发的多区循环反应器技术,对比了采用该工艺制备和常规工艺制备的多相共聚PP的性能。对我国在反应器内生产抗冲改性PP的研究提出了建议。     

高MFR抗冲共聚PP性能优良

由独山子石化公司研究院承担的中国石油公司2005年重点科研项目——高熔指(MFR)抗冲共聚聚丙烯(PP)系列专用料开发课题，日前在独山子石化公司乙烯厂PP装置完成工业化试生产。陆续推广到市场的3000t高MFR抗冲共聚PP系列专用料通过产品使用情况跟踪分析，各项性能指标优良，填补了中国石油公司的一项树脂产品空白。     

高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯的结构与性能

对国内外3种高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯的相对分子质量分布、乙烯含量、力学性能、热性能和流变性能进行表征与分析。结果表明：PP1相对分子质量分布较窄,乙烯含量较低,其弯曲模量、拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到1 627 MPa,29.0 MPa,6.2 kJ/m²,表现出更为优良的刚韧平衡性;PP3由于乙烯含量较高,所以刚性明显不足;PP1的半结晶时间最短,为0.83 s,可有效缩短制品的成型周期,提高生产效率;PP3由于相对分子质量大,相对分子质量分布较宽,分子链的缠结程度更大,因此,结晶能力最弱;3种高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯的加工流变性能基本一致,可在相同加工工艺条件下加工成型。     

国外抗冲共聚聚丙烯结构的研究

利用升温淋洗分级柱、核磁共振波谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪和扫描电子显微镜等研究了国外抗冲共聚聚丙烯(PP)的组成、序列结构、相对分子质量及其分布、热转变、相态结构和宏观性能.结果表明,该抗冲共聚PP由均聚PP、乙丙橡胶和可结晶的乙丙共聚物组成,具有优良的机械性能;均聚PP为抗冲共聚物提供刚性,乙丙橡胶可提高抗冲共聚物的韧性;抗冲共聚物的相对分子质量呈多分散性,其分布较宽;乙丙橡胶的相对分子质量较大,以直径为1～2μm的微粒均匀分布在PP基体中,有利于提高抗冲共聚物的冲击强度;抗冲共聚物的熔点较高,耐热性好.     

高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯开发进展

对高流动抗冲共聚聚丙烯(PP)生产技术的最新进展进行了综述。其中，国外4种PP工艺采用改进的催化剂系统，均已开发出熔体流动指数在65g／10min以上的工业化共聚PP产品，改善了PP刚性、韧性和流动性三者之间的平衡。我国应尽快开发超高流动抗冲共聚PP系列专用树脂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。