镍、硫共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其可见光催化性能

为提高纳米TiO2的可见光催化活性,采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了一种新型Ni和S共掺杂TiO2纳米复合光催化剂.通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis-)漫反射、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-荧光(EDX)等手段对其结晶形态、晶粒尺寸、元素掺杂量和吸光性能等进行了表征.结果显示,催化剂Ni/S/TiO2为锐钛矿晶相,平均粒径约为6～7nm,比表面积高达260.42m2/g,感光范围可拓展到可见光区,且与纯TiO2,S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2相比,光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的颗粒粒径更小,比表面积更大,光吸收边红移程度更显著.以活性艳蓝198染料溶液为模拟废水,以氙光灯为光源,对光催化剂Ni/S/TiO2的催化活性进行了评价.结果表明,Ni/S/TiO2具有比纯TiO2、S掺杂TiO2和Ni掺杂TiO2更高的可见光催化活性,氙光灯照射120min,活性艳蓝198降解率可达到98.5%.     

B掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备和光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了B掺杂的TiO₂光催化剂,并用XRD、SEM、XPS、FT-IR、BET等手段进行了表征。结果表明,掺杂B可抑制TiO₂晶体的长大,对TiO₂表面形貌没有显著的影响,B-TiO₂催化剂的比表面积随着B离子掺杂量的提高而增大;B离子主要进入晶格间隙并与TiO₂晶体形成固溶体,以B-O-Ti结构存在。B掺杂量（质量分数）为3%时,制备出的TiO₂光催化剂对甲基橙的降解效果最好。N₂吸附-脱附结果表明,3%B-TiO₂的BET比面积为127.84 m²/g、平均孔径为10.53 nm。     

TiO2纳米管阵列的制备工艺对其光催化性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法,在醇(丙三醇、乙二醇)-水-NH4F电解液体系中制备高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌和晶型结构进行表征,讨论了阳极氧化法制备工艺(阳极氧化电压、氧化时间、电解液)对TiO2纳米管的形貌、结构及其甲基橙光催化降解性能的影响;分析了退火温度对TiO2阵列的物相及其光催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用高电压、增加氧化时间有利于TiO2纳米管阵列光催化的提高,在其它参数相同的情况下,采用丙三醇作为电解液制备获得的TiO2纳米管阵列较乙二醇体系具有更加优异的光催化性能。     

氮镍共掺杂TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

为了制备在高温焙烧后能保持良好管形结构的可见光响应的TiO2纳米管,通过NH4Cl水-溶剂热和Ni(NO3)2浸渍法对传统水热法合成的TiO2纳米管进行掺氮和掺镍改性。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-vis DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等方法对样品进行了表征,并以甲基橙(MO)为光催化降解模型,考察了可见光下制备的样品的光催化性能。结果表明,NH4Cl水-溶剂热掺氮处理可提高TiO2纳米管的管状结构的热稳定性;氮镍共掺杂元素之间的协同作用增强了催化剂对可见光的吸收能力,并且能有效地抑制光生电子空穴的复合,Ni/Ti添加量为0.3%的催化剂具有较高的光催化活性。可见光照射210min,氮镍共掺杂TiO2纳米管对MO的可见光降解率比单独氮和镍掺杂的TiO2分别提高了9.1%和21.2%。     

金属非金属共掺杂TiO2纳米管的研究进展

部分金属掺杂TiO2纳米管可以有效提高其光电转换效率;而很多非金属的掺杂可以拓宽TiO2纳米管的光谱响应范围从而提高对可见光的利用率。金属和非金属共掺杂则可以使两者协同作用。介绍了金属与非金属掺杂TiO2纳米管的机理、制备方法和研究现状,并在此基础上指出了现如今存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

双元素共掺杂改性纳米TiO2的制备及光催化性能

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了钒氮双元素共掺杂的纳米TiO2,并对亚甲基蓝进行了降解处理。通过XRD、XPS、UV-Vis等方法对制备的样品进行了结构及性能的表征。结果表明:钒氮共掺杂能提高TiO2的光催化性能,掺杂后催化剂光响应范围发生了红移,可见光降解处理亚甲基蓝活性增强。     

简单有效氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶的制备、表征及其可见光活性

以尿素为氮源,采用简单的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂,以甲基橙在可见光照射下的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化活性。运用XRD、XPS和UV-Vis DRS光谱表征技术考察了氮掺杂TiO2样品的微晶尺寸、晶相结构、表面组成及其吸光特性。结果表明氮掺杂减小了TiO2的带能隙,氮掺杂TiO2纳米微晶对400～530nm的可见光有较强的吸收,在降解甲基橙的实验中表现出良好的可见光催化活性。其中,400℃焙烧制得的具有单一锐钛矿相型,晶粒尺寸为14.94nm的TiO1.9904N0.0096样品的可见光催化活性最佳。     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

金属掺杂对纳米管TiO2光催化性能的影响

利用水热法,以Degussa P-25TiO2粉末为原料,AlCl3、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和ZnCl2为掺杂剂合成金属掺杂纳米管TiO2,并采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和BET比表面积分析对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,掺杂金属分别以Al 3+、Fe3+和Zn2+的形式存在。随着煅烧温度的增高,样品的比表面积逐渐降低,锐钛矿含量先增大后减小;金属掺杂后,催化剂比表面积略有降低,锐钛矿含量略有增大。考察紫外光催化臭氧化工艺中TiO2降解腐植酸标志物的催化效果,结果表明,450℃煅烧未掺杂纳米管TiO2对腐植酸的催化降解效率为44%,较P-25TiO2粉末提高了11%;金属掺杂后催化效果提升明显,550℃煅烧Fe掺杂纳米管TiO2的催化效果最为显著,腐植酸去除率达77%。     

Facile hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of LaFeO3 nanospheres for visible light photocatalytic applications

LaFeO₃ nanospheres were synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by calcination. Citric acid was found to be key factor to the purity and the surface morphology of the LaFeO₃ nanospheres. The obtained nanospheres have been structurally characterized by XRD which confirms the single crystalline orthorhombic structure. The structural information of the nanosphere was also confirmed from the Raman spectrum. HRSEM and AFM revealed that the prepared sample has been composed of spherical like morphology with an average size of about 45 nm. From XPS analysis, the chemical state of the LaFeO₃ nanospheres was confirmed. Magnetic measurement indicates the products shows weak magnetic behaviour. The UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis shows strong absorption at 466 nm which confirms that the obtained material has excellent visible light absorption ability. Furthermore, the photocatalytic experiment demonstrates that the prepared LaFeO₃ nanospheres exhibit well and stable photocatalytic activity for decomposition of methyl orange under visible-light irradiation.     

Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of AgInS2 with visible light photocatalytic activity

AgInS₂ nanoparticles with superior visible light photocatalytic activity were successfully synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method. This method is a highly efficient and rapid route that involves no organic solvents, catalysts, or surfactants. The photocatalytic activity of AgInS₂ nanoparticles was investigated through the degradation of dyes under visible light irradiation. Compared with TiO_2−xN_x, AgInS₂ has exhibited a superior activity for photocatalytic degradation MO under the same condition. The experiment results showed that superoxide radicals (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxides (H₂O₂) and holes (h⁺) were the mainly active species for the degradation of organic pollutants over AgInS₂. Through the determination of flat band potential, the energy band structure of the sample was obtained. A possible mechanism for the degradation of organic pollutant over AgInS₂ was proposed.     

One-pot synthesis of oleic acid modified monodispersed mesoporous TiO2 nanospheres with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance

Herein, we report a facile one-pot solvothermal method to prepare unique oleic acid (OA) modified monodispersed mesoporous TiO₂ nanospheres with carboxylate ligands from the oleic acid in the bidentate chelating linkage mode. The mesoporous OA-TiO₂ nanospheres have a very large specific surface of nearly 510?m²/g. The oleic acid cannot only act as a binding ligand to control the shape of mesoporous TiO₂ nanospheres, but also be benefit to enhance the visible-light absorption. The mesoporous OA-TiO₂ nanospheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of Rhodamine B and phenol under the visible light irradiation and show almost no attenuation after four cycles.     

二氧化钛纳米粒子的低温合成及可见光催化性能

介绍一种低温合成二氧化钛纳米粒子的新方法.将非晶型二氧化钛加入强酸性溶液中室温搅拌数小时后得到无色透明的溶液.继续在室温搅拌数48h后,可以得到高比表面的金红石相二氧化钛纳米粒子.改变处理过程温度及酸的种类,可以得到不同组成的纤维状二氧化钛纳米粒子.对盐酸体系进行详细讨论结果表明,在低于60℃时得到的是热力学稳定的金红石单一相,而在高于120℃时得到的是热力学亚稳态的锐钛矿单一相,高于170℃时得到的是锐钛矿及金红石的混合相,显示出与众不同的结晶行为.通过此低温法制备的金红石相二氧化钛在具有较小的吸收禁带的同时,还拥有100n2·g-1以上的比表面积.与锐钛矿相相比,显示了良好的可见光催化活性.     

Sonochemical synthesis of CuO nanostructures and their morphology dependent optical and visible light driven photocatalytic properties

A controlled synthesis of CuO nanostructures with various morphologies were successfully achieved by presence/absence of low frequency (42 kHz) ultrasound with two different methods. The size, shape and morphology of the CuO nanostructures were tailored by altering the ultrasound, mode of addition and solvent medium. The crystalline structure and molecular vibrational modes of the prepared nanostructures were analysed through X-ray diffraction and FTIR measurement, respectively which confirmed that the nanostructures were phase pure high-quality CuO with monoclinic crystal structure. The morphological evaluation and elemental composition analysis were done using TEM and EDS attached with SEM, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the prepared CuO nanostructures could be served as an effective photocatalyst towards the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. Among the various nanostructures, the spherical shape CuO nanostructures were found to have the better catalytic activities towards MO dye degradation. The catalytic degradation performance of MO in the presence of CuO nanostructures showed the following order: spherical < nanorod < layered oval < nanoleaf < triangular < shuttles structures. The influence of loading and reusability of catalyst revealed that the efficiency of visible light assisted degradation of MO was effectively enhanced and more than 95 % of degradation was achieved after 3 cycles.     

A facile synthesis of CNTs/Cu2O-CuO heterostructure composites by spray pyrolysis and its visible light responding photocatalytic properties

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Cu₂O-CuO composite powder was fabricated by a spray pyrolysis (SP) method. The copper acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH₃COO)₂·H₂O) solution within CNTs dispersion was used as a precursor. The influences of decomposition temperatures, concentration of Cu(CH₃COO)₂ solutions and CNTs mass fractions on the constituent phases and microstructures of the composite powder were investigated by XRD, FESEM, TEM, UV–Vis analysis methods. The results show that the composite powder prepared at 500?°C, with the concentration of 1.0?g/l Cu(CH₃COO)₂·H₂O and 30.0?wt.% CNTs mass fraction, has the best photocatalytic performance due to the numerous particles precipitated on the CNTs surface and lower recombination rate of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, tentative mechanisms of the nucleation-growth and photodegradation properties were explored based on the microstructure and photocatalytic analysis.     

Fabrication and high visible light photocatalytic properties of Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites by the one-pot solution-phase hydrothermal method

Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites were synthesized by the one-pot solution-phase hydrothermal method. The resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Experimental results indicate that the content of Cu in the Cu/Cu2O CNs increasing with prolonged reaction time. The content of Cu in the Cu/Cu2O CNs plays an important role in the photocatalytic activity. The coexistence of Cu2O and Cu nanoparticles was propitious to the high photocatalytic activity owing to their hetero-junction effect. Compared with the Cu/Cu2O CNs with high Cu content (68-96 wt%) and pure Cu2O, the Cu/Cu2O CNs with low Cu content (2.1-9.2 wt%) exhibited improved photocatalytic activity on the degradation of MO solution under visible light irradiation, at the first 20 min of irradiation, the photodegradation efficiency of MO solution reach up to 99%, it is still as high as 95% even at the end of the fourth cycle. Little change is found in their phase compositions during the photocatalytic reaction process, except partial oxidation of particles surface. The HmechanismH for visible light driven photocatalytic activity enhancement over Cu/Cu2O CNs is discussed.     

Metastable monoclinic ZnMoO4: hydrothermal synthesis, optical properties and photocatalytic performance

Metastable monoclinic ZnMoO4 was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route with variation of reaction temperatures and time at pH value of 5.7. Systematic sample characterizations were carried out, including X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The results show that all as-prepared ZnMoO4 samples were demonstrated to crystallize in a pure-phase of monoclinic wolframite structure. All samples were formed in plate-like morphology. Six IR active vibrational bands were observed in the wave number range of 400-900 cm(-1). The band gap of as-prepared ZnMoO4 was estimated to be 2.86 eV by Tauc equation. Photoluminescence measurement indicates that as-prepared ZnMoO4 exhibits a broad blue-green emission under excitation wavelength of 280 nm at room temperature. Photocatalytic activity of as-prepared ZnMoO4 was examined by monitoring the degradation of methyl orange dye in an aqueous solution under UV radiation of 365 nm. The as-prepared ZnMoO4 obtained at 180 degrees C for 40 h showed the best photocatalytic activity with completing degradation of MO in irradiation time of 120 min. Consequently, monoclinic ZnMoO4 proved to be an efficient near visible light photocatalyst.     

An aqueous sol-gel synthesis of chromium(III) doped mesoporous titanium dioxide for visible light photocatalysis

Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide doped with Cr³⁺ ions have been prepared through an aqueous sol-gel method. The mesoporous nature of both pure and Cr³⁺ doped TiO₂ powders, with specific surface area of 7.4 and 6.6 m² g⁻¹, respectively, is maintained even at calcination temperature of 800 °C. The transformation of TiO₂ from the anatase to rutile phase is suppressed up to 800 °C by Cr³⁺ ion doping. Even though surface area values are decreased, the doped materials show improved photocatalytic activity, which may be due to increased crystallinity of the anatase phase without the formation of rutile. Doped materials have a red-shift in the band gap energy and hence, photoactivity under visible light. The rate of photodegradation of methylene blue dye for both pure and doped TiO₂ under visible light has been monitored in this study. The 0.25 mol% Cr(III) doped photocatalyst, calcined at 800 °C, shows the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light with a rate constant of ∼15.8 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹, which is nearly three times higher than that of commercially available Degussa P25 titania (5.8 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹).     

Preparation of Ti3+/N-co-doped TiO2 by one-step hydrothermal synthesis method with high photocatalytic degradation performance under visible light

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Ti3+/N-co-doped TiO2 was successfully synthesized in situ by one-step hydrothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT) as the titanium...