超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测谷物中8种真菌毒素

建立了液质联用法同时测定脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2、玉米赤霉烯酮共8种真菌毒素谷物中的含量。样品经乙腈-水溶液提取,通过多功能净化柱净化、Waters Acquity UPLC? BEH C18色谱柱分离、超高效液相色谱串联质谱系统测定,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物同位素内标法定量,黄曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮外标法定量。结果表明,8种真菌毒素在线性范围内线性相关性R~2≥0.999,检出限在0.3~1.0μg/kg之间,加标回收率在72.2%~101.7%之间,相对标准偏差在1.22%~9.69%之间。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、回收率好,适用于谷物及其制品中多种真菌毒素的同时检测。     

多功能净化柱净化-超高液相色谱串联质谱法检测云南所售部分面条及面条制品中的6种真菌毒素

目的 建立多功能净化柱净化-超高液相色谱-串联质谱法检测云南所售部分面条及面条制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、赭曲霉毒素A和玉米赤霉烯酮6种真菌毒素的含量。方法 样品经乙腈-水-甲酸(70: 29: 1, V:V:V)溶液浸泡提取, 通过Pribo Fast?M226多功能净化柱净化, 采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱的多反应监测模式进行分析, 外标法进行定量。结果 6种真菌毒素在0.05~400 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.994), 加标回收率为87.6%~101.3%, 相对标准偏差为1.09%~3.65%。81份面条样品中, 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇检出含量为15.2~664 μg/kg, 检出率为98.77%, 检测值均未超过国家食品安全标准规定的参考限量值, 其余5种真菌毒素均为未检出。结论 本检测方法具有快速便捷、准确性好、灵敏度高、特异性强等特点, 适用于面条中6种真菌毒素的同时测定。     

超高液相色谱串联质谱法测定小麦粉中真菌毒素

建立小麦粉中雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)、隐蔽型脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇(Deepoxy-DON)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及衍生物(3A-DON、15A-DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)常见6种真菌毒素的同时测定方法。试样用多功能净化柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱基质内标法定量测定。结果表明6种真菌毒素的检出限在0.50μg/kg~1.00μg/kg之间,线性相关系数R~20.994,3个水平加标回收率为82.1%~108.9%,RSD为4.6%~14.5%。采用本方法参加面粉中脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇能力验证样品质控考核,统计结果 Z为-1.93,结果评价为满意。该方法准确、灵敏、高效,可适用于小麦粉中6种常见真菌毒素的定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测小米及面粉中4种镰刀菌毒素

目的建立小米及面粉中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-acetyl deoxidized snow-scylienol,3-AC-DON)、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-acetyl deoxidized snow-scyloxanol,15-AC-DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)的超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱测定方法。方法经乙腈-水(84:16,V:V)提取样品,通过多功能净化柱净化,以BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,流动相为0.2%氨水:乙腈梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式检测。结果玉米赤霉烯酮检出限为0.1μg/kg,定量限为0.3μg/kg,线性范围为2.0～30.0μg/L;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物的检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.6μg/kg,线性范围为10.0～150.0μg/L。加标回收率88.9%～106.0%。结论本方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,能满足4种镰刀菌毒素的同时检测。     

基于UPLC-MS-MS技术定量确证小麦中10种真菌毒素

建立了小麦中黄曲霉毒素B_1、黄曲霉毒素B_2、黄曲霉毒素G_1、黄曲霉毒素G_2、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮等10种真菌毒素的超高液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法检测的方法。小麦样品经乙腈-水-乙酸溶液震荡超声提取后,采用多功能净化柱净化。待测物经Kinetex SB-C_(18)色谱柱分离,甲醇-0.1%甲酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,正负模式同时扫描,三重串联四级杆质谱多反应离子监测(MRM)方式检测,基质标准校正,外标法定量。结果表明,在一定的浓度范围内,10种真菌毒素线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法的检出限为0.015~1μg/kg,空白样品中添加高中低不同浓度的真菌毒素的回收率为65.12%~89.16%,RSD%(n=6)在4.26%~9.46%之间。该方法分析速度快、重复性好、灵敏度高,适合小麦中多种真菌毒素的高灵敏度快速测定。     

大米中16种真菌毒素同时检测分析

目的建立大米中黄曲霉毒素、伏马毒素、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇类毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、赭曲霉毒素A、T-2毒素、HT-2毒素以及杂色曲霉毒素等16种真菌毒素便捷准确的液相色谱-串联质谱法。方法大米样品经粉碎均质后采用70%甲醇水溶液浸泡提取,通过PriboFastRM226多功能净化柱净化,利用液相色谱串联质谱的多反应监测模式进行测定分析,采用内标法定量。结果 16种真菌毒素均具有良好的线性关系(r0.99),3个加标水平回收率为85.2%～102.8%,相对标准偏差范围为2.05%～4.75%。在61件大米检测中,共有5件样品检出真菌毒素,检测到的真菌毒素有5种,其中雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马毒素B_1、伏马毒素B_2、15-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇各有1件样品检出,黄曲霉毒素B_1有3件检出,检出率为8.33%,检出的5种真菌毒素含量在0.69～71.47μg/kg,均未超过国家食品安全标准规定的真菌毒素限量标准。结论大米中真菌毒素的检出率低,含量符合国家标准要求,该检测方法准确、可靠、便捷,可适用于大米中多种真菌毒素的检测。     

固相萃取柱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定糕点中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物和玉米赤霉烯酮

建立使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定糕点中玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及其衍生物3-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-Ac DON)、15-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-Ac DON)4种真菌毒素的方法。该方法在4 min内完成4种真菌毒素的分析,线性范围5~1000μg/kg,标准曲线的相关系数均在0.997以上,DON、ZEN的最低检出限为1.0μg/kg,3-Ac DON、15-Ac DON的最低检出限为1.5μg/kg。通过对134份市售预包装糕点样品进行分析发现,4种真菌毒素均有一定检出,其中ZEN、DON、3-Ac DON和15-Ac DON的检出率分别为2.2%、78.4%、3.0%和5.2%,所有样品中4种真菌毒素含量水平均未超过食品安全国家标准限量要求。     

多功能柱净化-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定水产品中11种真菌毒素

建立了同步测定水产品中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)、黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2)、黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、3-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-Ac DON)、15-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-Ac DON)、镰刀菌烯酮(Fus-X)等11种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。试样样品以乙腈/水溶液(84+16)提取,Myco Spin 400多功能柱净化,Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18柱分离,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量与定性分析,外标法定量。结果表明,11种目标物在各自的线性响应范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9918,定量限(LOQ)为0.1~20.0μg/kg,加标平均回收率(n=3)为62.8%~115.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%~19.0%。该方法前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,适合于水产品中痕量真菌毒素的多残留快速检测。     

QuEChERS-同位素稀释内标法-液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定饼干中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇

目的建立QuEChERS-同位素稀释内标法-液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)快速测定饼干中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。方法样品加入~(13)C_(15)-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇同位素内标后,用水-乙腈(4/1,V/V)溶液提取、旋涡超声离心后,取上清液2.0mL经N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondaryamine,PSA)吸附剂、C_(18)吸附剂净化,净化液过滤膜,采用LC-MS/MS进行测定。结果在优化的实验条件下,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的检出限为0.6μg/kg,定量限为2.0μg/kg。在线性范围0.4～50.0μg/L内,相关系数为0.9995。平均加标回收率为82.1%～92.3%,相对标准偏差4.3%～6.6%(n=6)。结论该方法简单、快速,可用于饼干中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的快速测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的方法优化

目的 优化超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇含量的分析方法。方法 样品经粉碎匀质后, 采用70%乙腈-甲酸水溶液涡旋浸泡提取, 普瑞邦亲和柱净化, 以乙腈-0.05%氨水作为流动相, Waters BEH C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm)进行色谱分离, 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱的多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式进行测定, 内标法定量。结果 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在5.0~150.0 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(r2=0.9995), 添加回收率为93.4%~101.6%, 相对标准偏差为1.41%~3.54%, 质控样检测值在参考值允许范围内(569±60) μg/kg, 具有较好的重现性和准确度。结论 本研究提升了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的检测能力, 该方法准确、可靠、便捷, 可满足实验要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.