油脂基表面活性剂十二酰基二苯醚磺酸钠的合成与性能

以P2O5/SiO2催化十二酸直接与二苯醚发生F—C酰基化反应合成了十二酰基二苯醚中间体,然后与氯磺酸磺化合成了一种油脂基表面活性剂十二酰基二苯醚磺酸钠,并用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对产物结构进行了表征。测定了十二酰基二苯醚磺酸钠的克拉夫特点(T K)、表面张力、临界胶束浓度、耐电解质性能、钙离子稳定性、钙皂分散力(LSDP)、去污力、润湿力和泡沫性等物化性能。结果表明,十二酰基二苯醚磺酸钠具有极好的低温溶解性(T K<0℃),极其优异的耐电解质性能,即能够在饱和食盐水、饱和氯化钙、饱和盐酸和高浓度氢氧化钠中溶解,因而具有取代长链烷基二苯醚磺酸盐的潜力;还表现出很强的钙皂分散力(LSDP=6.5)以及与LAS相近的去污力,因而具有用作钙皂分散剂的潜力。     

油脂基表面活性剂十二酰基二苯硫醚磺酸钠的合成与性能

该文以月桂酰氯与二苯硫醚经过傅-克酰基化反应制备十二酰基二苯硫醚中间体,然后经磺化和中和合成油脂基表面活性剂十二酰基二苯硫醚磺酸钠,并用FTIR、1HNMR和HPLC等方法表征了中间体和产物的结构和含量。性能测试结果表明,十二酰基二苯硫醚磺酸钠的克拉夫特点(TK)<0℃,25℃时CMC和γCMC分别为4.38×10-4mol/L和37.63 mN/m,钙皂分散力为26%,并能分别在质量分数9.7%NaOH、14.5%CaCl2、24.3%NaCl和30.9%HCl水溶液中溶解。实验结果表明,其具有优秀的低温溶解性,较好的抗钙皂形成能力和优异的耐电解质性能。     

新型油脂基表面活性剂十二酰基二苯硫醚磺酸钠的合成与性能

油脂基表面活性剂因性价比高、对环境友好而受到广泛关注,本文以月桂酰氯与二苯硫醚经过傅-克酰基化反应制备十二酰基二苯硫醚中间体,然后经磺化和中和合成新型油脂基表面活性剂十二酰基二苯硫醚磺酸钠,并用FT-IR、1H NMR和HPLC等方法表征了中间体和产物的结构和含量。性能测试结果表明十二酰基二苯硫醚磺酸钠的克拉夫特点(TK) < 0 oC,25 oC时cmc和γcmc分别为4.38×10-4 mol/L和37.63 mN/m,钙皂分散力为26%(wt%),并能分别在9.7%(wt%) NaOH、14.5%(wt%) CaCl2、24.3%(wt%) NaCl和30.9%(wt%) HCl水溶液中溶解。实验结果表明其具有优秀的低温溶解性,较好的抗钙皂形成能力和优异的耐电解质性能。     

N-十二烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠的合成、性能与应用

考察了N-十二烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠(TNSS)的合成工艺条件,得到较佳工艺条件为:n顺酐:n十二胺=1.20:1.00,于100℃下酰胺化反应2.5h。n顺酐:n亚硫酸钠=1.00:1.10,于90℃下磺化化反应2.5h。测得产物的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化力、渗透力、钙皂分散力、去污力分别为31.5×10-3N/m、4.42×10-3mol/L、0.45min、1.18min,20%和99.27%,与ABS和K12进行相比,表明TNSS表面张力、临界胶束浓度小,去污力强,白度和松散度好。还测试了它在洗毛工艺中的应用性能。     

钙皂分散剂十二烷基苄磺基甜菜碱与皂的复配性能研究

考察了钙皂分散剂N-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基-N-(p-苄磺基)甜菜碱(DSBB)与透明皂基的配伍性,测定了复配体系的抗硬水度、钙离子稳定性、去污力、泡沫性能、润湿性能和水溶温度。实验结果表明:由于DSBB的钙皂分散力高达3,在透明皂基中添加质量分数为10%的DSBB就能明显提高皂基的抗硬水性、去污力和润湿力;加入DSBB也有利于提高复配体系的低温水溶性,同时不会明显降低皂基的泡沫性能。     

木质素磺酸钠的改性及其作为洗涤助剂的研究

对木质素磺酸盐(LSs)的理化性能和其作为洗涤助剂的应用潜力进行了研究,讨论了其在洗涤配方中的作用及其机理。实验结果表明:木质素磺酸钠改性产物(GLS)比木质素磺酸钠(LS)具有更好的乳化力、起泡力和钙皂分散力;经过漂白处理后,LS的漂白产物(LSW)白度保持值为91.93%,而GLS的漂白产物(GLSW)白度保持值可达99.37%,基本对标准白布不造成沾污,消除了其对洗涤过程的负面影响;将LS及其改性产物应用于衣物洗涤剂配方中具有明显的增强皮脂去污力特性,为洗涤用品原料的选择提供了一个新的方向。     

快洁素68对AOS的增稠作用

α-烯烃磺酸盐又称AOS,因具有优良的去污力、良好的钙皂分散力、耐硬水性,对皮肤作用温和以及易生物降解等优异的性能,已广泛应用于各种液洗产品,国内的总产量已突破17万t/a.     

溶剂法制备N-辛基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠

以环己烷为溶剂,考察了N-辛基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠的合成工艺,获得了较佳的工艺条件当n(辛胺)∶n(顺酐)=1.00∶1.05时,于40℃下酰胺化反应10min;n(亚硫酸钠)∶n(顺酐)=1.05∶1.00时,于70℃下磺化反应2h。测得产物的表面张力32.1×10-3N/m、临界胶束浓度4.48×10-3mol/L、乳化力0.63min、渗透力1.68min、钙皂分散力25%、去污力99.4%,并与ABS和K12的性能进行了对比。     

双亲水基型表面活性剂之合成与应用性能

本文以α-十二烯烃及二苯醚为原料,合成了十二烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠产品并测定相关应用性能.结果显示,其乳化性能高于LAS,泡沫性能低于LAS,但在高浓度无机盐、无机酸、无机碱溶液中能够保持稳定.去污力受水硬度影响极小,在650ppm硬水条件下,去污力仍可高于LAS近二倍.生物降解度可达至94.7%.     

基于两种合成方法的脂肪醇醚羧酸盐的应用性能的研究

通过对两种方法(氧化法和羧甲基化法)合成的脂肪醇醚羧酸盐(AEC-9Na)产品在耐酸碱性、硬水中稳定性、钙皂分散力、润湿性能、乳化性能、泡沫性能和去污性能等性能方面作了详细的对比研究。结果表明,氧化法产品AEC-9Na-Y在耐酸碱性、钙皂分散力、润湿性、低浓度的乳化性以及泡沫性等方面比羧甲基化产品AEC-9Na-L更为优异。另外,两者对皮脂具有十分优异的去污能力。鉴于AEC-9Na优良的性能,可将其作为助剂应用于诸多领域中。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。