基于MSMSE的MIMO放大转发双向中继信道中波束成形设计

本文主要研究了基于最小化均方误差和准则的MIMO放大转发双向中继信道中的波束成形向量(矩阵)的设计.我们分别在集中式与分布式两种应用环境中提出了一套解决方案.在集中式方案中,多个中继之间完全协作,因此将多个单天线中继等效成一个多天线的中继节点,设计了基于所有中继天线的总功率控制的波束成形向量(矩阵).在分布式方案中,中继节点之间无协作,分别设计了基于所有中继总功率控制波束成形向量(矩阵)和基于单个中继功率控制的波束成形向量(矩阵).仿真表明,通过波束成形设计,可以显著提高通信节点平均误码率.由于中继节点之间的完全协作,集中式方案要优于分布式方案.但是,由于中继结构简单,分布式方案更易于在实践中应用.     

协同系统鲁棒波束成形算法研究

由于实际很难获得理想信道状态信息(CSI),传统协同波束成形算法性能严重下降。设计对信道误差具有鲁棒性的波束成形算法具有重要的实际意义。针对放大转发协同系统最大化目的节点信噪比(SNR)准则下的波束成形设计,提出对应鲁棒算法。该算法从最坏情况鲁棒设计思想出发,建立保证鲁棒性的最优化问题,应用扩展S引理和Schur补定理将该问题由初始不可解转化为可解的准凸问题,进而求解出保证鲁棒性的波束成形因子。仿真表明:同等CSI偏差下,所提鲁棒算法的中断概率性能优于传统波束成形算法。     

放大转发双向中继系统中降低总功率的波束成形设计

本文研究了多天线放大转发双向中继系统中在满足源节点信噪比要求条件下最小化系统总功率的波束设计问题。该问题是非凸优化问题,为了有效求解该问题,采用分层优化方法将原问题分解成发送波束成形向量优化、接收波束成形向量优化和中继波束成形矩阵优化三类子问题。发送/接收波束成形向量通过求解Rayleigh商最小化问题来获得。中继波束成形矩阵优化问题通过半正定松弛方法转化成半正定优化问题来求解。在求解这三类优化问题的基础上,提出了一种迭代波束成形算法,并采用单调有界序列定理证明了所提算法的收敛性。计算机仿真表明:所提算法经过若干次迭代即可收敛到稳定点;相比于已有算法,本文算法能显著降低系统总功率。      

毫米波信道中波束成形矢量的波束宽度

波束成形矢量技术能够集中所发送的能量于某一指定区域,从而提高系统性能,是5G的核心技术之一。但正是由于能量被集中这一特点,信道的任何变化都可能会使接收方越出此特定区域,从而使系统的鲁棒性能降低。波束成形矢量的波束宽度这一概念就是衡量这对矛盾的指标之一。已有的波束宽度大多针对天线而言,并非针对波束成形矢量。针对波束成形矢量,借助格拉斯曼流形中的概念,给出并研究了波束宽度的定义,在此基础上,探讨了拓宽波束宽度的方法。研究发现,天线数越多,能量越能够集中,但波束宽度受限,从而鲁棒性越弱。     

考虑收发机损耗的多小区多用户下行链路波束成形算法

在现有收发机损耗模型基础上以最小化最差用户均方误差或者最小化用户均方误差之和为优化目标,设计一种考虑收发机残留损耗的多小区多用户下行链路波束成形算法。通过将优化问题转化成二阶锥规划的标准形式,并设计分层优化迭代算法来求解原始问题。数值仿真表明,相对于传统收发机的波束成形算法而言,所提算法将极大地减小收发机损耗对系统性能的影响,进而显著提高系统性能。     

中断约束下的星空认知网络分布式鲁棒波束成形算法

针对卫星通信网和无人机通信网共享频谱资源构成的星空认知网络,提出了一种基于用户非完美信道状态信息的分布式鲁棒波束成形算法,以提升网络的频谱效率和传输可靠性.在所有信道误差均服从复高斯分布的条件下,建立以总的发射功率最小化为目标函数,以用户信干噪比中断概率约束满足要求为约束的联合优化问题.通过引入松弛变量,将非凸的联合优化问题转换成两个独立的分布式优化问题,并进一步提出利用舒尔补和拉格朗日对偶的迭代算法得到卫星和无人机网络的波束成形权矢量.计算机仿真验证了所提算法的有效性和优越性.     

多天线中继系统中人工噪声辅助的安全波束成形

针对放大转发中继系统中转发信息易被窃听者截获的问题,提出了在中继节点处采用人工噪声辅助的安全波束成形方法。该方法以系统的安全速率最大化（SRM, secrecy rate maximization)为目标,在中继节点的总功率和单个天线功率受限情况下,联合设计最优的中继波束成形矩阵和人工噪声协方差矩阵。由于该SRM问题非凸,设计了双层优化算法,其中采用一维搜索解决外层优化问题,采用半定松弛及内点法解决内层优化问题。理论推导证明,内层优化问题总存在秩为1的最优解,即所采用的松弛技术是紧的。仿真结果表明所提的方法可以显著提高系统的安全性能。     

基于有限信道信息的波束成形系统设计

针对多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)通信系统,提出了基于有限信道信息(CSI)的波束成形算法。通过Nutaq基站验证平台,实现了基于MIMO-OFDM系统的信道反馈和波束成形,并对算法进行了验证。验证结果表明,该算法不仅能降低反馈数据量要求,还能有效提高系统的通信性能。     

基于公平效用函数的多波束卫星通信下行链路波束成形算法

为了更好地平衡多波束卫星通信系统的频谱效率和能量效率,以及保证多用户服务场景下的用户服务公平性,该文提出一种基于公平效用函数的波束成形(BF)方案。具体而言,首先在同时考虑卫星发射功率最小化准则以及系统和速率最大化准则的前提下,建立一个多目标优化问题,并在最大化系统频谱效率的同时利用$\alpha $公平效用函数提升用户间的服务公平性。然后利用加权和方法对复杂的多目标问题进行转换处理,并提出一种联合使用循环坐标上升(CCA)方法以及回溯直线搜索(BLS)方法的波束成形方案,从而求得最优的波束成形权矢量以及最优的帕累托解集。最后计算机仿真结果验证了所提方案的用户服务公平性,以及分析一些典型参数对公平性能的影响。并通过与其他传统方案相比,验证所提方案能够获得更高的系统频谱效率。     

MIMO-OFDM系统中基于波束成形的自适应资源分配技术研究

MIMO—OFDM系统具有空间、时间和频率三维的自由度,结合自适应资源分配技术,使得系统的传输速率、频谱效率及功率利用率等性能进一步优化,同时可以结合波束成形技术进一步提高系统的性能。文章介绍了MIMO—OFDM系统中资源分配的几种方式,分析比较了几种方式的特点和存在的不足,提出进一步研究的内容。     

Effect of imperfect channel state information and co‐channel interferences on two‐hop fixed gain amplify‐and‐forward relay networks with beamforming

This letter investigates the joint effects of imperfect channel state information and co‐channel interferences on a two‐hop fixed gain amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay network with beamforming. Specifically, the analytical expressions of the outage probability and the average symbol error rate for the AF relaying are derived. Moreover, the asymptotic analysis at high signal‐to‐noise ratio is also presented to reveal the diversity order and array gain of the considered AF relay system. Finally, computer simulations are given to confirm the validity of the analytical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of beamforming in two-hop AF relay networks with antenna correlation and interference

This paper investigates the performance of a two-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network with antenna correlation and co-channel interference (CCI) over Rayleigh fading channels. In this network, the relay has multiple antennas while both the source and destination are equipped with a single antenna. By assuming that the statistical channel state information (SCSI) is available at the relay, the maximal output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is first obtained. Then, with the help of the specialized functions, the analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), Ergodic capacity and average symbol error rates (ASERs) of the considered AF relay network are all derived. Moreover, the asymptotic analysis at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is also presented to reveal the diversity order and array gain of the relay system. Finally, computer simulations are given to confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis and indicate the effects of antenna correlation and interference on the system performance.     

CSMG波束形成算法在相干和非相干环境中的应用

讨论了如何将CSMG自适应波束形成算法与空间平滑法相结合，应用到同时存在相干干扰和非相干干扰的环境中。该算法具有空间平滑法和CSMG波束形成算法的优点，能对相干干扰抑制，并且在非相干干扰方向也能形成很好的零陷，大大提高了系统的抗干扰性能。对该算法、普通CSMG算法和与空间平滑算法相结合的MVDR算法进行了计算机仿真，并对仿真结果进行了比较，证明了该算法结构的可靠性和优越性。     

IRS辅助的SWIPT系统中基于能效优先的波束成形设计与优化

以智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助的无线携能通信(simultaneous wireless information and power transfer,SWIPT)系统为背景,研究了该系统中基于能效优先的多天线发送端有源波束成形与IRS无源波束成形联合设计与优化方法。以最大化接收端的最小能效为优化目标,构造在发送端功率、接收端能量阈值、IRS相移等多约束下的非线性优化问题,用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)求解。采用Dinkelbach算法转化目标函数,通过奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和半定松弛(semi-definite relaxation,SDR)得到发送端有源波束成形向量。采用SDR得到IRS相移矩阵与反射波束成形向量。结果表明,该系统显著降低了系统能量收集(energy harvesting,EH)接收端的能量阈值。当系统总电路功耗为−15 dBm时,所提方案的用户能效为300 KB/J。当IRS反射阵源数与发送天线数均为最大值时,系统可达最大能效。     

步进频信号波束形成指向偏差与通道误差影响分析

步进频信号波束形成时存在着波束指向偏差和通道间幅相误差,并且对各个步进频脉冲是不同的,即对各步进频脉冲进行了不同的幅相调制。文中首先从理论上分析了这种调制对距离高分辨处理的影响,指出波束指向偏差会使目标距离像发生偏移,但是偏移量很小,通常可以忽略,而通道误差的影响主要是抬高了距离高分辨处理的副瓣电平。然后,对波束指向偏差和通道误差的影响进行了仿真,验证了上述结论。     

传感器网络中继节点扩展部署的优化算法研究

提出了一个支持多维定标的中继节点可扩展部署算法,当现有中继节点过载时能及时增加新的中继节点并定位新增中继点的最优位置.该算法把部署问题转化为多维欧氏空间下的优化选址问题,通过启发式搜索传输空间的相交区域来查找中继节点的合理部署,并证明了算法的正确性和完备性.在此基础上进一步提出优化方法,可以把算法的复杂度降为节点数量的线性函数.仿真实验结果表明,提出的部署算法能较大程度地平衡网络流量负载,从而降低数据传输过程的能量消耗,延长网络生命周期     

A new scheduling algorithm to provide proportional QoS in optical burst switching networks

A new scheduling algorithm, which aims to provide proportional and controllable QoS （Quality of Service） in terms of burst loss probability for OBS （Optical Burst Switching） networks, is proposed on the basis of a survey of QoS schemes in current OBS networks. With simulations, performance analysis and comparisons are carried out in detail. The results show that, in the proposed scheme, burst loss probabilities are proportional to the given factors and the control of QoS performance can be achieved with better performance. This scheme will be beneficial to the OBS network management and the tariffpolicy making.     

抗毁WDM网中支持QoS的选路和波长分配算法

该文首先探讨了抗毁WDM网中支持QoS的分层图模型,在此基础上提出一种抗毁WDM网中支持QoS的选路和波长分配算法。该算法根据上层业务不同的QoS要求,对其光路建立请求区别对待,以满足它们不同的阻塞率和恢复率要求。计算机仿真结果表明该算法既满足了上层业务不同的QoS要求,同时又充分利用了有限的网络资源,使全网的平均阻塞率降低。     

Distributed lifetime optimization in wireless sensor networks using alternating direction method of multipliers

Due to the limited energy of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, extending the network lifetime is a major challenge that can be formulated as an optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a distributed iterative algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers with the aim of maximizing sensor network lifetime. The features of this algorithm are the use of local information, low overhead of message passing, low computational complexity, fast convergence, and, consequently, reduced energy consumption. In this study, we present the convergence results and the number of iterations required to achieve the stopping criterion. Furthermore, the impact of problem size (number of sensor nodes) on the solution and constraints violation is studied, and, finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with one of the well‐known subgradient‐based algorithms.     

Enhancement of QoS support of HCCA schedulers using EDCA function in IEEE 802.11e networks

The IEEE 802.11e standard introduces Quality of Service support for wireless local area networks through two MAC functions: Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA). While the former provides prioritized contention-based access to the medium, the latter uses a parameterized contention-free polling scheme. Several studies have proposed enhancements to EDCA or improved scheduling algorithms for HCCA to properly support VBR traffic. However, the cooperation between these functions has only marginally been considered and the solutions vary depending on specific traffic requirements.In this paper we propose a novel approach to address the problem of scheduling VBR traffic streams. Our scheduler, named Overboost, uses HCCA to negotiate a minimum bandwidth and deals with traffic streams that require more bandwidth than the negotiated one by redirecting the excess bandwidth to the EDCA function. An analytical evaluation has been conducted and the results has been corroborated by an extensive set of simulations. They show that the overall scheduler improves the performance with respect to other HCCA schedulers in terms of null rate, throughput, access delay, and queue length.