基于GPU加速的保结构纹理合成

提出一种基于Chamfer距离的保结构纹理合成方法。使用Chamfer距离度量纹理结构特征的相似度,在查找匹配块的同时计算纹理在颜色空间和结构特征空间的匹配度,从而解决以往纹理合成中有显著结构特征的纹理容易出现不连续的问题。但是Chamfer距离的计算量很大,而且随着纹理合成图分辨率的提高,计算成本会变得相当高昂以至于难以负担。因此,提出了基于GPU加速的保结构纹理合成方法,通过并行查找匹配块提高合成效率。实验证明本方法既提高了结构纹理的合成质量,又使得保结构纹理方法的合成速度大大提高,且与纹理合成图的分辨率无关。     

基于随机查找的并行大规模纹理合成

传统的纹理合成方法使用高维向量树来加速目标纹理块的搜索效率,存在占用内存量大、执行效率低、无法在GPU上并行执行等缺点.为了实现图像块的快速近似邻域查找,提出一种并行优化纹理合成方法.该方法分为初始化和迭代优化2个阶段,初始化阶段从样本纹理中随机抽取样本纹理块填充目标图像,迭代阶段交替采用并行的随机查找算法和并行的纹理块传播算法迭代精化目标纹理.随机查找算法根据最相似纹理块出现在前一目标纹理块周围的概率与它到前一目标纹理块的距离成反比的特点,使随机采样纹理块的概率分布与最相似目标纹理块出现的概率相匹配,达到加速纹理合成的目标.采用CUDA实现了文中方法,实验结果表明,其执行效率比已有的纹理合成算法快50～100倍,可应用于交互式纹理合成和超大尺寸纹理合成.     

基于纹理的图像检索关键技术研究

纹理是图像中普遍存在而又难以描述的特征,纹理特征的提取与识别是基于内容的图像检索研究中的重要组成部分。提出了一种基于小波包变换与奇异值分解的纹理特征提取与识别算法,通过欧氏空间的距离度量的计算,能得到与样本图像最相似的图像。     

带空间约束的邻域中值加权FCM图像分割算法

在聚类分析过程中,欧氏距离是最为常用的距离度量方法,而传统的基于欧氏距离的图像分割方法没有综合考虑空间信息和邻域特征等因素。提出了一种用邻域中值加权欧氏距离替代欧氏距离的度量方法,同时植入像素空间约束信息,这样可以利用更多的图像空间信息来改善图像分割质量。通过对多幅图像的分割实验结果表明,与已有的算法相比,本算法不仅能提升图像分割效果,具有更好的噪声抵抗性,同时能加速算法的收敛速度,从而提高了分割效率。     

支持多风格的图像艺术化快速处理算法

为了使目标图像在用户的控制和编辑下快速学习参考图的颜色和笔刷特征,得到多个参考样图的艺术风格,提出一种支持多风格的图像艺术化快速处理算法.首先以目标图像流场为引导对非等轴纹理合成算法进行改进,学习得到样图的纹理和笔刷特征;然后通过设计和实现基于CUDA加速的并行合成算法,加快样图风格的学习速度;此外,为增强学习结果的可控性,设计完成了用户交互式的风格编辑接口,可根据用户指定的不同样图风格块对目标图像实现区域相关的多风格图像艺术化,提供所见即所得的交互设计体验.风格学习实例的结果表明,与已有的基于学习的风格化算法相比,该算法具有更快的合成速度和更强的灵活性.     

基于改进的等距离映射算法的人脸识别

针对等距离映射(Isomap)算法在处理扰动图像时拓扑结构不稳定的缺点,提出了一种改进算法。改进算法将图像欧氏距离(IMED)嵌入到等距离映射算法之中。首先引入坐标度量系数计算图像的坐标度量矩阵,通过线性变换将原始图像从欧氏距离(ED)空间转换到图像欧氏距离空间;然后计算变换空间中样本的欧氏距离矩阵,并在此基础上构建样本邻域图,得到近似测地距离矩阵;最后采用多维标度(MDS)分析算法构造样本的低维表示。对ORL和Yale人脸数据库降维并结合最近邻分类器进行实验,基于改进算法的识别率平均分别提高了5.57%和3.95%,表明与原算法相比,改进算法在人脸识别中对图像扰动具有较好的鲁棒性。     

纹理合成的自相关性判别法及其应用

从加快纹理相似性的判别速度出发,提出了一种纹理合成的自相关性判别法.传统的纹理合成算法随着邻域和样本的增大,计算量将成倍增加,纹理合成速度减慢的劣势逐渐体现出来.因此,算法对样本纹理建立简单的自相关性距离查找表,利用L邻域内像素的自相关性距离作为像素匹配的判别依据,以查找取代传统匹配过程中的繁琐计算,极大地加快了合成速度,可实现动态的、多精度的合成效果调控,以及避免块匹配中易出现纹理接缝的问题.经验证,该算法可在纹理合成、图像修补及纹理检索中应用,并可很好地达到实时的应用要求.     

基于优化欧氏距离的协同过滤推荐

由于推荐系统中用户对项目的评价数据具有多样性和稀疏性的特点,传统的相似性度量算法不能有效查找相似邻居,本文提出一种基于优化欧氏距离的邻居相似度计算方法,在欧氏距离计算的基础上引入归一化处理和杰卡德相似系数,并最终作出评价预测和推荐。在典型数据集上的实验结果显示该算法能够有效提高协同过滤推荐系统的推荐性能。      

煤岩显微图像划痕检测与去除方法

煤岩显微图像预处理主要包括煤岩划痕检测与去除。针对基于霍夫变换算法的煤岩划痕检测难以准确提取空间形状特征和有效细化边缘信息,容易出现漏检和误检的问题,提出了基于语义分割的煤岩划痕检测方法。该方法引入残差结构改进空间注意力模型,将该模型嵌入以VGG卷积层作为图像特征编码器的U-Net中,实现对煤岩划痕的语义分割。针对基于快速行进的图像修复算法使得煤岩划痕去除区域和周围区域存在纹理差异和视觉伪影的问题,提出了采用基于改进区域匹配的图像修复算法去除煤岩划痕。通过采用k个最近邻图像块查找、跨尺度及旋转角度搜索策略和基于欧氏距离的图像块偏移距离度量,实现煤岩划痕的有效去除。实验结果表明,基于语义分割的煤岩划痕检测方法能准确反映煤岩划痕的边缘细节,具有较好的空间特征解析性能,提高了煤岩划痕检测准确性;采用基于改进区域匹配的图像修复算法去除煤岩划痕能使煤岩划痕去除区域与周围区域的纹理特征更具有一致性,提升图像整体视觉效果。     

基于QPSO算法的图像颜色分割*

目前不同种类的纹理区域组成的彩色图像分割还是一个难点。当一幅图像中包含相似的和（或）非固定的纹理区域时,难以计算出精确的纹理区域和分割区域的最优数目。描述了基于量子行为的微粒群优化算法（QPSO）的图像颜色分割方法,把图像分割问题看作一个最优化问题并且采用QPSO的进化策略聚类颜色特征空间中的区域。QPSO不仅参数个数少、随机性强,并且能覆盖所有解空间,保证算法的全局收敛。给出了三幅图像的分割效果,证明了QPSO算法在自动的和无监督的纹理分割上具有很好的效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.