添加MWCNTs的结构吸波材料的制备及其性能研究

采用炭纤维、玻璃纤维、环氧树脂和纳米碳管制备了结构吸波材料。通过实验和理论计算研究了MWCNTs含量对单层结构吸波材料的吸波性能的影响和层间排列方式对双层结构吸波材料吸收性能的影响。对于单层的结构吸波材料,当MWC-NTs的含量为9%时吸波效果最佳,吸收率超过-10dB的有效带宽为5.4GHz;对于双层结构吸波材料,当层间排列为MWCNTs15%MWCNTs3%时,最大吸收率为-39.3dB、吸收率超过-10dB的有效带宽为6.5GHz,涵盖了整个Ku频率范围(12～18GHz),更能满足"强、宽、薄"的要求。     

磁性吸波碳纤维掺杂聚氨酯泡沫制备夹层结构吸波材料

通过在碳纤维表面进行磁性涂层制备出具有吸波效果的磁性涂层碳纤维,在聚氨酯中仅掺杂质量分数〈5%该纤维发泡得到吸波聚氨酯泡沫,经与透波层和反射层复合可以得到宽频和轻质的结构吸波材料。     

片状羰基铁/聚氨酯双层吸波涂层的设计及其电磁特性

以无水乙醇为过程控制剂,利用高能球磨法将球形羰基铁粉(SCIP)制备成片状羰基铁粉(FCIP)。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计考察了球磨时间对SCIP的片状化程度和电磁性能的影响。通过测定同轴样品的电磁参数确定了最佳球磨时间为15h。以聚氨酯为基料,分别以体积分数为15%和40%的FCIP为吸收剂,制备了不同膜厚的FCIP/聚氨酯吸波涂层并互相匹配以设计出吸波性能最好的双层吸波材料,发现15%FCIP/聚氨酯1.5mm(第一层)+40%FCIP/聚氨酯0.7 mm(第二层)的体系在2.0~18.0GHz下的最小反射损耗达-16dB,反射损耗小于-10dB的带宽为12.3GHz。     

炭黑-矿棉基双层吸波材料的微波吸收性能

单层结构吸波材料只在较窄的频率范围内具有较好的吸波性能,采用多层结构可以有效改善吸波性能。根据阻抗匹配原理以及电磁波传输规律,设计制备了具有阻抗渐变特性的双层结构吸波矿棉板,并采用弓形反射法测试了在2~18 GHz范围的吸波性能。结果表明:阻抗匹配设计是吸波材料设计中的重要环节;双层结构吸波矿棉板的吸波性能随匹配层中炭黑含量的增加而降低,随吸收层中炭黑含量的增加而增强;当匹配层中炭黑含量为1%,吸收层炭黑含量为5%时,样品的反射率在2~18GHz范围内全部小于-10dB;当匹配层中炭黑含量为1%,吸收层炭黑含量为4%时,最小反射率可以达到-41.5dB。该吸波矿棉板具有一定的工程应用价值。     

单/双层水泥基平板的微波吸收性能

依据阻抗匹配原理与电磁波传播规律,提出表层透波、内层吸波的双层法设计,该设计具有电磁波吸收性能的层状水泥基平板结构.研究了硅灰和橡胶粉对表面层阻抗匹配的影响;同时还对碳纤维、钢纤维、碳纤维与铁氧体粉复合以及钢纤维与碳纤维复合作为内层吸收剂时,水泥基平板材料在8～18GHz频段内的吸波性能进行了研究.结果表明:硅灰和橡胶颗粒可以明显地改善水泥平板与自由空间的阻抗匹配:与单层相比,在相同碳纤维掺量时,双层吸波砂浆反射率下降-3dB左右;30%质量分数铁氧体与碳纤维复合作为吸波材料的损耗层的吸收剂,反射率在-10dB以下(12.5～18.0GHz),且随着入射频率的增加反射率下降.     

铁氧体复合吸波剂对水泥基复合材料吸波性能的影响

采用2种类型的铁氧体作为吸波剂,制备水泥基复合吸波材料。通过弓形法测定水泥基平板在8～18GHz频率范围内的反射率,研究了铁氧体的种类、2种铁氧体复合体积比对水泥复合材料吸波性能的影响。结果表明:2种不同类型的铁氧体粉复合作为微波损耗剂时,不论单层还是双层水泥基层板,其吸波性能均显著高于单一的铁氧体吸波剂;当2种铁氧体总掺量为30%(质量分数)且体积比为1:1掺入水泥砂浆时,所制备的双层水泥板的最小反射率为–16dB,在8.3～11.5GHz和12.3～18.0GHz宽频率范围内反射率均小于–10dB。     

碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的性能影响研究

以水性聚氨酯为基,碳纤维为填料,制备了碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料。采用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和矢量网络分析仪对碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的结构与性能进行了测试和表征。实验结果表明:碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料为碳纤维和水性聚氨酯的物理结合,随着碳纤维含量的增加和厚度的增大,碳纤维复合吸波涂层材料的反射率峰值均向低频移动,当碳纤维含量为0.8%,涂层厚度为1.2 mm时,碳纤维复合吸波涂层的反射率峰值达到-6.01 dB,小于-5 dB的带宽为4.2 GHz,涂层面密度为1.02kg/m~2。     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合吸波材料性能研究

碳纳米管通过化学气相沉积工艺制备,碳纳米管直径10～30nm,纯度>90%。碳源为乙炔、铁/镍复合催化剂。加入适量的有机溶剂丙酮溶解环氧树脂,然后加入碳纳米管。分别高速搅拌和超声处理30min,加入固化剂乙二胺搅拌均匀,超声10min除去气体后,浇铸在铝板上制成吸波涂层。TEM检测碳纳米管。反射率扫频测量系统HP8757E标量网络分析仪检测吸波性能。碳纳米管和环氧树脂比例为1∶100时,3mm厚吸波层试样吸波峰出现在14 32GHz,吸波峰值R=-10 01dB,吸波频带宽度为2 16GHz(R<8dB)。厚度增加到9mm,在11GHz和17 83GHz出现双吸波峰,最大吸波峰出现在17 83GHz峰值R=-9 04dB,带宽约1GHz(R<8dB)。比例调整为5∶100时,波峰出现在7 91GHz,峰值加大到R=-13 89dB,带宽度达到3 19GHz(R<8dB)。     

GF/CF/ACFFS多层复合材料的吸波性能研究

基于结构型复合材料的复合效应和设计原理,以圆形缝隙型活性碳毡电路屏(ACFFS)为基础吸波剂,短切碳纤维(CF)为增强吸波剂,以玻璃纤维(GF)增强的环氧树脂(EP)为阻抗匹配层,设计了GF/CF/ACFFS多层吸波复合材料。研究了短切碳纤维质量分数和层间排布对GF/CF/ACFFS多层复合材料吸波性能的影响。研究结果表明,在2~18GHz频率范围内,CF质量分数为0.7%,底层为ACFFS/EP的三层吸波复合材料最大反射衰减(RL)为-38.54d B,且有效吸收带宽(RL-10d B)达到11.33GHz(6.17~17.5GHz)。当短切碳纤维质量分数适量时可以有效提高复合材料的吸波性能,将CF和ACFFS合理组合有利于获得性能优异的吸波材料。     

纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体电磁吸波水泥基材料的制备与性能

利用化学共沉淀法制备纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体磁流体,再以一定比例将其掺入水泥浆体制备吸波层,以膨胀珍珠岩作为匹配层,制备双层水泥基吸波材料,研究了不同纳米组分掺入量对该种水泥基材料吸波性能的影响.结果表明:纳米Mn-Zn铁氧体吸波砂浆在厚度(20+10)mm、掺量7%时,在8~18 GHz频段内反射率都小于-10 dB,最小反射率为18 GHz处的-15.1 dB.     

Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of FeSiAl and flaky graphite filled Al2O3 composites with different FeSiAl particle size

The increasing electromagnetic interference problems have drawn much attention to microwave absorbing materials. To satisfy the needs of practical application, FeSiAl and flaky graphite filled Al₂O₃ composites were sintered by hot-pressing for microwave absorption application. The effect of FeSiAl particle size on the electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties was investigated in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). The results show that the dielectric properties enhance significantly with increasing FeSiAl particle size, which is attributed to the increased interfacial polarization and conductance loss. As a result of the favorable impedance matching and appropriate electromagnetic attenuation, the reflection loss (RL) of the composites filled with 25–48 μm flaky FeSiAl achieves -15.2 dB at 10.6 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) is 1.2 GHz in 10.0–11.2 GHz with a matching thickness of 1.0 mm. It indicates that FeSiAl and flaky graphite filled Al₂O₃ composites are potential candidates for thin-thickness microwave absorbing materials, and the microwave absorption properties can be enhanced by adjusting absorbent particle size.     

Dielectric and microwave absorption properties of CB doped SiO2f/PI double-layer composites

Carbon black (CB) with contents of 5.5?wt% and 15?wt% filled quartz glass fiber reinforced polyimide (SiO_2f/PI) composite were designed and prepared. A double-layer absorbing material was designed using the two composites materials as a matching layer and an absorption layer, respectively. The microwave absorption property of single-layer and double-layer composites is calculated according to transmission line theory. The results show that the microwave absorbing property of double-layer composite is better than that of single-layer at the same thickness. When the 5.5?wt%CB doped SiO_2f/PI composite is used as the matching layer with a thickness of 0.7?mm and 15?wt%CB doped SiO_2f/PI composite is used as the absorption layer with a thickness of 0.9?mm, the RL (reflection loss) of the composite reaches a minimum value of ?46.18?dB at 16.07?GHz. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of RL?≤??5?dB is 5.87?GHz and the bandwidth of RL?≤??10?dB is 3.95?GHz.     

化学镀钴活性炭的微波吸收性能研究

采用化学镀的方法对活性炭进行表面镀钴,透射电镜（TEM）观察证实了活性炭的表面上已经镀覆上了钴层。采用HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了样品在2—18GHz频率范围内的复介电常数（εT=ε＇-jε＇＇）和复磁导率（μT=μ＇-μ＇＇）。用吸收屏理论公式计算其反射损耗（R．L．）、匹配厚度（dm）及匹配频率（fm）。结果表明,随着匹配厚度的增大,吸收峰没有发生移动,但吸收峰值有所下降。在匹配厚度dm=0．2mm时,样品最大反射损耗达-5．23dB,对应的匹配频率fm=10．59GHz,而且在整个电磁波频率测试范围内,反射损耗值均小于-4．8dB。     

对负离子对氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺电磁性能的影响

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,控制掺杂质子浓度为1 mol/L,分别以Cl–、CSA–(樟脑磺酸根)和SO42–为对负离子,通过原位化学氧化聚合法制备得到掺杂态氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料.采用SEM、FTIR和XRD对复合材料进行形貌和结构表征,采用四探针法、矢量网络分析仪分别测试复合材料的电磁参数,并计算材料的阻抗和反射损耗(RL).结果表明,3种复合材料均呈现聚苯胺纳米椎体包覆氧化石墨烯片层的三明治形貌.对负离子为SO42–时,复合物的电导率最高为5.500 S/cm,同时介电损耗能力最强.而樟脑磺酸掺杂复合物的驻波比在14.2 GHz处可达到1.1,更接近行波状态,具有最佳阻抗匹配性能.其最佳反射损耗为–30 dB(9.93 GHz,2.75 mm),有效吸波频宽(RL<–10 dB的频率范围)最高可至4.85 GHz(12.30～17.15 GHz,2 mm).     

短切碳纤维/铁氧体填充的复合材料对8mm波吸收性能研究

本文使用溶胶凝胶法制备了一种M型掺杂六角铁氧体,研究了该铁氧体、短切碳纤维及玻璃纤维制成的单层和双层复合材料在8mm波段(26.5～40GHz)的吸收性能.结果表明,铁氧体和短切碳纤维混合填充的复合材料在该波段反射率均在-10dB以下;而以玻璃纤维复合材料作为面层的双层结构吸波材料在该波段的吸收效果更好,-20dB以下的带宽达到2.7 GHz.     

废旧PU硬泡的降解及其与PP共混物的性能研究

采用二乙醇胺为降解剂对废旧聚氨酯(PU)硬泡进行降解处理,制备了降解PU/聚丙烯(PP)共混材料;研究了不同降解程度的PU硬泡对PU/PP/PP-g-MA共混材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着降解时间的增加,PU硬泡的凝胶的质量分数由91.4%下降到3.6%,降解产物的玻璃化转变温度由75℃下降到36℃;FTIR证明了降解产生了带有氨基和羟基基团的PU,这些基团成为反应增容的活性点;PU/PP/PP-g-MA复合材料的断裂伸长率由100%上升到1800%,SEM表明复合材料具有有良好的均匀性和相互作用。     

Effect of filler loading and thickness parameters on the microwave absorption characteristic of double-layered absorber based on MWCNT/BaTiO3/pitted carbonyl iron composite

In this work, single- and double-layer electromagnetic wave absorbers were prepared by as-prepared MWCNTs/BaTiO₃/pitted carbonyl iron composites. MWCNT/BaTiO₃ (MW/BTO) was prepared via sol-gel method whereas the carbonyl iron particles (CI) were corroded via pitting corrosion method. The structural, microstructural, magnetic and microwave absorption properties of the composites were evaluated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA) methods. CST studio software was employed to simulate the microwave absorption characteristics of double-layer absorbers. Moreover, the effects of changing matching and absorbing layer thickness (3 mm in total) and filler loading (10, 20 and 30 wt%) of the as-prepared composite on the microwave absorption properties were investigated. According to the results, maximum RL value for single layer absorber with 20 wt% filler loading can reach ?11.5 dB at 9.7 GHz with 3 mm thickness and 0.4 GHz bandwidth. In contrast, double-layered absorber using 10 wt% of the composite in the upper layer (as matching layer) and 30 wt% of the composite in lower layer (as absorbing layer) can increase the reflection loss and absorption bandwidth values to ?15.5 dB and 1 GHz respectively. Improving in absorption characteristics can be attributed to coupling interactions, impedance matching and multiple scattering. The main advantages of the prepared double layer absorber than single layer absorber are tuning the intensity and effective absorption bandwidth by adjusting the layer order, thickness and filler loading of each layer which shown good potential for practical application.     

Ecofriendly and cost-effective composites of titanium slag and carbonyl iron for lightweight and tunable microwave absorption

For obtaining the ecofriendly microwave absorbing composites, flake carbonyl iron was mixed to the flotation carbon waste of titanium slag by ball-milling processes. The composites of 4 h ball-milling present excellent microwave absorbing performance of minimum reflected loss (RL) of ?54.9 dB at 7.8 GHz with thickness of 2.6 mm. The same composites provide the performance of RL < ?10 dB with the thickness from 1.2 mm to 5 mm at corresponding matching frequency from 3.3 GHz to 18 GHz. It means that the absorbing peak can be tunable at the wide frequency range with only adjusting the thickness. The strong absorbing intensity and wide tunable frequency range are attributed to the proper impedance matching of dielectric property from flotation carbon waste of titanium slag and magnetic property from carbonyl iron. Also, this work provides a research approach for handling industrial waste which contains carbon.     

Enhanced microwave absorbing properties of lightweight films based on polyaniline/aliphatic polyurethane composites in X band

Polymer blends based on nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and para‐toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) introduced into aliphatic polyurethane matrix (PU) are synthesized to produce flexible thin composite films for microwave absorbers. The effects of dopant type, PANI content and film thickness on morphologies, dielectric and microwave absorption properties in the X‐band are studied. It reveals that real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity are proportional to filler concentrations and type of doped PANI. The PANI‐PTSA/PU films show higher permittivity and better microwave absorbing properties than PANI‐HCl/PU for the same weight fraction of PANI. The minimum reflection loss RL_(dB) values for the PANI‐PTSA/PU are ?37 dB at (20% PANI and 11.6 GHz) and ?30 dB at (15% PANI and 11.3 GHz) for thicknesses of 1.2 and 1.6 mm, respectively. These high values of reflection losses make the obtained lightweight and flexible composites promising radar absorbing materials (RAM). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40961.