邻苯二甲酸酯及其环保代用品的开发（续）

邻苯二甲酸酯是塑料制品最重要的增塑剂品种，在我国约占增塑荆消费量的85％。但因其毒性和致癌性，近年来受到欧洲、美国等国的限用和禁用。塑料制品行业急需寻找它的环保取代品。本文主要推荐了一批已经工业化生产和正在研究开发的增塑剂品种，包括对苯二甲酸酯、苯多酸多酯、二元酸酯、聚酯、植物油、环氧植物油和柠檬酸酯等系列增塑剂，性能...     

邻苯二甲酸酯及其环保代用品的开发

邻苯二甲酸酯是塑料制品最重要的增塑剂品种,在我国约占增塑剂消费量的85%。但因其毒性和致癌性,近年来受到欧洲、美国等国的限用和禁用。塑料制品行业急需寻找它的环保取代品。本文主要推荐了一批已经工业化生产和正在研究开发的增塑剂品种,包括对苯二甲酸酯、苯多酸多酯、二元酸酯、聚酯、植物油、环氧植物油和柠檬酸酯等系列增塑剂,性能...     

使用生物催化剂从废植物油中制备生物柴油

通常，烷基酯的制备是由植物油在碱性催化剂存在下，通过酯基转移作用而制得的。在排除催化剂残渣时，这种方法会生成大量的废水。此外，这种方法还伴随甘油回收以及产物中生成游离酸等问题。日本关西化学工程公司与日本神户大学相合作，最近开发成功一种更简便有效方法，他们用全细胞生物催化作用法，把废植物油纳入酯基转移作用。     

从废植物油中制备生物柴油

通常，烷基酯（生物柴油的主要组分）的制备是由植物油在碱性催化剂存在下，通过酯基转移作用而制得的。在排除催化剂残渣时，这种方法会生成大量的废水。此外，这种方法还伴随甘油回收以及产物中生成游离酸等问题。日本关西化学工程公司（位于尼崎）与日本神户大学合作，最近开发成功一种更简便有效的方法。他们用全细胞生物催化作用法，把废植物油纳入酯基转移作用。     

催化合成环保增塑剂的研究及其应用进展

综述了国内外催化合成新型增塑剂的新方法和催化反应工艺、催化剂的种类和制备,重点介绍了国内外主要新型环保增塑剂的性能、应用及研究现状,包括生物基植物油、聚酯、柠檬酸酯、偏苯三酸三酯及对苯二甲酸二辛酯类增塑剂的合成与性能,并与传统合成方法及催化剂比较,指出了我国催化合成增塑剂的趋势和增塑剂在国家高新技术领域中应用方向,提出我国增塑剂行业及新材料助剂领域的发展应着重于调整产品结构,加快非邻苯结构类、植物油基增塑剂的开发。     

羟基酸成漆试验

我厂从1973年起研究羟基酸代替植物油造漆。当时代油量达到30％左右。1975年11月石油化工部在无钖召开了全国羟基酸代替植物油经验交流会议以后,我厂党组织十分重视此项工作,广大职工决心要在低挡漆方面全面实现羟基酸代油。现分别将羟基酸在酯胶调合漆和酚醛磁漆方面的成漆试验情况介绍如下。     

多缩二元醇酯类增塑剂

介绍了开发多缩二元醇酯作增塑剂的途径。分别就多缩二元醇苯甲酸酯和其酯肪酸酯等的性能作了比较,列出了以多缩二元醇苯甲酸酯用于PVC制品的性能测试数据。结果表明综合性能优越,不失为DOP、DBP的优良代用品。     

聚氯乙烯环保型增塑剂的合成及应用

聚氯乙烯中常用的环保型增塑剂主要有柠檬酸酯类增塑剂、对苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂、聚酯类增塑剂、偏苯三酸酯增塑剂、环己烷二羧酸酯类增塑剂、植物油基增塑剂等,通过了解和分析这些增塑剂的特征和合成,推进环保型增塑剂在塑料生产中的应用.     

化妆品配方

颈部精华 成分 A相 去离子水 丙二醇、苯氧乙醇、氯酚甘油醚（及）羟苯甲酯 聚丙烯酸钠 B相 植物油、甘油、月桂基葡糖苷、聚甘油-2二聚羟基硬脂 酸酯（及）碳酸二辛酯 2-PHA     

植物油酯交换制取脂肪酸酯

棉籽油、花生油、大豆油和向日葵油酯交换反应中影响酯的收率和纯度的因素,包括醇对植物油的克分子比,催化剂的类型(碱、酸),温度以及植物油的精炼程度。用碱催化(氢氧化钠或甲醇钠),温度为60℃或稍高,克分子比至少是1——6,用精炼的油,1小时内基本完成从精炼油到甲酯、乙酯和丁酯的转化过程。植物油在适当的温度(32℃)下,用碱催化大约4小时99％的发生了酯交换。用酸催化的酯交换反应比用碱催化的慢得多。粗油虽然也可用于酯交换,但由于粗油中存在着胶状物和其他杂质以致酯的收率减少。     

Fish oil fatty acid esters of phytosterols alter plasma lipids but not red blood cell fragility in hamsters

In an attempt to combine the hypocholesterolemic properties of plant sterols with the hypotriglyceridemic action of fish oil FA, plant sterols have recently been esterified to fish oil n−3 PUFA. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of plant sterols esterified to n−3 PUFA on plasma lipid levels and erythrocyte fragility. For 5 wk, male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets varying in cholesterol and plant sterol content: (i) Noncholesterol (semipurified diet with no added cholesterol or plant sterols) (ii), Cholesterol (0.25% cholesterol) (iii), Sterols (0.25% cholesterol plus 1% nonesterified plant sterols), or (iv) Fish oil esters of plant sterols (0.25% cholesterol plus 1.76% EPA and DHA sterol esters, providing 1% plant sterols). The addition of fish oil esters of plant sterols to the cholesterol diet decreased (P=0.001) plasma total cholesterol levels by 20%, but nonesterified plant sterols did not have such a beneficial impact. In addition, non-HDL cholesterol concentrations were 29% lower in hamsters fed fish oil esters of plant sterols than in hamsters fed nonesterified plant sterols (P<0.0001). Despite higher (P<0.0001) plant sterol levels in whole erythrocytes of hamsters fed nonesterified plant sterols and fish oil esters of plant sterols compared with hamsters fed no plant sterols, no difference was observed in erythrocyte fragility. The present results show that EPA and DHA esters of plant sterols have a hypocholesterolemic effect in hamsters, and that these new esters of plant sterols exert no detrimental effect on erythrocyte fragility.     

Comparative health effects of margarines fortified with plant sterols and stanols on a rat model for hemorrhagic stroke

There is increased acceptance of fortifying habitual foods with plant sterols and their saturated derivatives, stanols, at levels that are considered safe. These sterols and stanols are recognized as potentially effective dietary components for lowering plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Our previous studies have shown that daily consumption of plant sterols promotes strokes and shortens the life span of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats. These studies question the safety of plant sterol additives. The present study was performed to determine whether a large intake of plant stanols would cause nutritional effects similar to those seen with plant sterols in SHRSP rats. Young SHRSP rats (aged 26–29 d) were fed semipurified diets containing commercial margarines fortified with either plant stanols (1.1 g/100 g diet) or plant sterols (1.4 g/100 g diet). A reference group of SHRSP rats was fed a soybean oil diet (0.02 g plant sterols/100 g diet and no plant stanols). Compared to soybean oil, both plant stanol and plant sterol margarines significantly (P<0.05) reduced the life span of SHRSP rats. At the initial stages of feeding, there was no difference in the survival rates between the two margarine groups, but after approximately 50 d of feeding, the plant stanol group had a slightly, but significantly (P<0.05), lower survival rate. Blood and tissue (plasma, red blood cells, liver, and kidney) concentrations of plant sterols in the plant sterol margarine group were three to four times higher than the corresponding tissue concentrations of plant stanols in the plant stanol group. The deformability of red blood cells and the platelet count of SHRSP rats fed, the plant sterol margarine were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the plant stanol margarine and soybean oil groups at the end of the study. These parameters did not differ between the soybean oil and plant stanol margarine groups. These results suggest that, at the levels tested in the present study, plant stanols provoke hemorrhagic stroke in SHRSP rats to a slightly greater extent than plant sterols. The results also suggest that the mechanism by which plant stanols shorten the life span of SHRSP rat might differ from that of plant sterols.     

生物质电厂废弃物草木灰成分分析及成形

生物质热电厂焚烧废弃物的主要成分是草木灰,其产生量大、密度小。大量草木灰不经处理会造成环境污染问题。本文首先分析草木灰的化学成分,确定草木灰的肥料特征,通过添加NH₄H₂PO₄使草木灰的pH达到国家复合肥的相关标准。选用聚天冬氨酸（30%水溶液）作为复合肥的黏结剂,应用于草木灰复合肥的成形造粒,以增加其抗压强度和肥效。研究不同烘干时间、烘干温度、聚天冬氨酸添加量对草木灰复合肥抗压强度的影响规律,通过分析植物的形态及生理指标,进而研究草木灰复合肥的肥效。结果表明：最佳烘干条件为10h、140℃,聚天冬氨酸对草木灰的抗压强度有明显的增强作用,并且草木灰与聚天冬氨酸的复配比为6g∶1mL时肥效最好。此方法解决了元素循环中断、草木灰环境污染,在运输过程中草木灰复合肥易碎,纯草木灰肥效低等问题。     

Cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterol-egg yolk lipoprotein complex in rats

Free plant sterols cannot be dissolved in oil or water. Using free plant sterols and egg yolks, we developed a plant sterol-egg yolk lipoprotein complex (PSY) that can be dispersed in water and considered suitable for use in processed foods. The cholesterol-lowering activity of PSY was equal to that of free plant sterols and plant sterol esters. Consumption of a freeze-dried PSY-containing omelet reduced serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. The results suggest that PSY has cholesterol-lowering activity equivalent to that of free plant sterols and plant sterol esters. Moreover, the cholesterol-lowering activity of PSY was maintained in processed foods.     

高压法三聚氰胺装置与二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置联产利弊浅析

中国石油乌鲁木齐石化分公司化工厂高压法三胺装置由于配套小尿素装置甲铵预热器爆管损坏无法开车,且装置原设计运行不平稳、检修频率高、能耗高。鉴于这些原因,三胺装置和化肥尿素装置同时改造,两套装置原料互供,实现了高压法三胺装置和二氧化碳汽提法大尿素联产,大大降低运行能耗和原料损耗。     

芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践

精油与油脂分别是芳香油植物和油脂植物提取的天然产品.通过芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践,探求植物资源学课程适宜的教学内容与方法.从专业特色角度出发,除了讲授常规植物资源总论和植物资源各论,增加了森林植物资源学和植物资源学课内实践（实验）等相关内容,加强学生实践技能培养,提升本科生综合素质.     

聚乙二醇二甲醚的物化性质

收集整理了聚乙二醇二甲醚的物化数据,并给出若干图表,可供天然气净化厂、煤气净化厂、石油化工厂、炼油厂、合成氨厂、焦炉气厂和发电厂烟道气等有关气体净化的科研、设计和生产管理人员使用。     

Cholesterol‐lowering effect of plant sterols

Intake of plant sterols (4‐desmethyl sterols, phytosterols) reduces cholesterol absorption and lowers serum total and LDL cholesterol levels in humans. The use of dietary plant sterol regimens for lowering elevated serum cholesterol values has recently gained much interest, especially after the commercial introduction of margarines containing plant stanols esterified with fatty acids. The solubility of free, crystalline plant sterols and stanols in edible oils and fats is low, limiting their use especially in fat‐containing food. By esterifying of, e.g., plant stanols with fatty acids derived from a vegetable oil fatty acid ester of plant stanols with fat‐like properties are obtained. These fat‐soluble forms of plant stanols provide a technically feasible way of introducing the adequate daily amount of plant sterol into foods for optimal reduction of the cholesterol absorption, without changing the taste of the finished product. The cholesterol‐lowering effect of plant stanol esters has been extensively studied. Plant stanol esters effectively restrict the absorption of both dietary and biliary cholesterol causing plant stanol specific reductions in serum total and LDL cholesterol levels of up to 10% and 14%, respectively. Serum HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels are not affected. The cholesterol‐lowering effect of plant stanol esters complements the beneficial effects of a healthy diet and cholesterol medication.     

尿素装置低负荷运行工况下的节汽对策

实行油化联合后,化肥装置向炼油装置供氢,导致尿素装置低负荷运行,其自产低压蒸汽不能满足自身需要,尿素单位蒸汽消耗大幅度上升,通过技术改造,回收热量,降低尿素生产成本.     

天津PTA装置效益最大化探讨

总结了天津PTA装置开车来,通过工艺的优化调整,技术创新、减少非计划停车,提高装置负荷,实现了装置达标,安全、稳定高负荷运转,深挖装置潜力,降低物耗、能耗、实现装置效益最大化。