轿车底盘前梁内高压成形试验研究

内高压成形的弯曲轴线多边形空心变截面结构件能够满足减重、节约空间以及提高强度和刚度的要求,使其成为汽车制造业以及航空航天领域的理想结构件.但弯曲轴线多边形截面构件内高压成形的不均匀变形问题是影响开裂及壁厚分布不均匀的一个重要原因.本文以轿车底盘前梁为例,采用实验方法研究了弯曲轴线多边形截面构件内高压成形的不均匀变形问题,分析了各种开裂缺陷产生的原因,给出圆角大小和成形压力之间的关系及成形件的壁厚分布.研究结果表明,弯曲工序引起的壁厚减薄和增厚导致的坯料不均匀以及复杂截面的周向变形不均匀,是导致内高压开裂及壁厚分布不均匀的主要原因,通过合理的预成形形状可以有效控制内高压成形的变形均匀性,成形出壁厚分布均匀的合格零件.     

不规则四边形截面管件内高压成形数值模拟

以不规则四边形截面管件为研究对象,作内高压成形.基于dynaform软件平台,建立了内高压成形有限元模型,利用该模型研究了内压和轴向进给对不规则四边形管材内高压成形的成形形状、角充填情况及壁厚减薄情况的影响规律,分析了管材破裂和起皱缺陷产生的原因.模拟结果显示,适当减小内压力,同时增大轴向进给量,可以有效地防止破裂的发...     

加载路径对变径管内高压成形影响的模拟研究

基于Dynaform有限元模拟软件,在获得合适总轴向进给量以及最大内压力的基础上,重点探讨了轴向进给路径以及内压力加载路径对变径管内高压成形的影响。结果表明：按照前段进给速度大于后段进给速度的双线性轴向进给方式进给能得到一条最优的轴向进给路径;梯形内压加载方式的成形结果要明显优于线性内压加载方式,且当内压区间为40～60MPa时,梯形内压加载方式的成形结果达到最优化。     

三通管内高压成形工艺研究

管件内高压成形工艺是近几年发展起来的一种新的塑性成形技术.本文分析了三通管内高压成形时的主要变形特点和技术关键,采用数值模拟方法给出了不同轴向进给速度下零件的壁厚及等效应变分布,并分析了轴向进给速度对成形性能的影响.分析结果表明,当轴向进给速度过快时,主管中部壁厚增厚严重,形成死皱.当轴向进给速度过慢时,主管中部容易导致变形区补料不足而破裂.因此轴向进给速度的选取对内高压成形三通管具有重要影响,对于成形TP2紫铜三通管,合理的轴向进给速度是0.5mm·s-1.     

超薄壁不锈钢波纹管件液压成形工艺研究

为了解决传统拼焊制造超薄壁不锈钢波纹管弹性差、寿命短、易破裂等问题，采用液压成形技术成形超薄壁不锈钢波纹管件。针对超薄壁不锈钢波纹管件截面形状复杂以及管壁易失稳起皱破裂的成形难点，设计了不同的加载路径。利用CATIA进行建模，使用Dynaform有限元分析软件进行数值模拟。基于波纹管成形过程中的波高与壁厚减薄情况研究了模具间隙、预胀形内压和整形压力对成形质量的影响规律。试验结果表明，对于复杂异形截面的填充，管内压强和轴向进给的增大有利于材料流动进入圆角区域以及管坯与模具的贴合。对于内径Φ50 mm,壁厚0.4 mm的复杂截面波纹管，预胀形内压7.5 MPa,整形压力20 MPa,轴向进给为20 mm为最佳参数匹配。开展了相关试验，验证了模拟结果与试验结果相符，获得的波纹管满足尺寸与性能的需求。     

基于DYNAFORM的内高压成形中预成形工艺改进

对复杂形状空心构件内高压成形工艺进行了数字模拟研究。采用有限元模拟,对矩形截面空心零件弯曲部位在内高压成形过程中产生起皱、破裂等缺陷进行了分析;针对矩形截面空心件弯曲部位,提出采用椭圆截面充液预成形的方法,控制起皱、破裂缺陷的产生,成形质量较理想。并通过试验进行了验证,采用较低压力可以改善内高压成形过程中材料的分布、提高材料的成形极限、控制缺陷产生并提高产品质量。     

加载路径对变截面弯曲三通管内高压成形性能的影响

分析比较现有的变截面弯曲三通管内高压成形性能的相关评价指标,提出一种综合性的评价指标,通过有限元模拟,比较了轴向进给力控制和位移控制的优劣,得出了轴向进给力控制方式更符合金属变形规律,能得到更好的成形效果。同时研究了内压力、轴向进给力对变截面弯曲三通管内高压成形性能的影响,内压力过大会造成支管顶部过度减薄甚至破裂,轴向进给量是获得支管高度必要条件,但是进给量过大会使局部壁厚加厚严重;结果表明折线加载路径下零件的成形质量明显优于线性加载路径。     

内高压成形技术研究与应用新进展

介绍近年来在内高压成形机理、工艺、设备和应用方面的最新进展。针对大截面差管件,弯曲轴线异型截面构件和枝杈管3类工艺,给出典型零件缺陷形式、形状精度、壁厚分布和工艺参数的影响。详细介绍了皱纹控制与利用,降低整形压力的方法和内压与轴向力耦合作用下管材的塑性失稳起皱分析。最后给出了研制的典型内高压成形件及在汽车、航天、航空中的应用。     

核级304不锈钢超薄壁三通液压胀形模拟及实验

对304不锈钢超薄壁三通的液压成形工艺过程进行有限元模拟,研究液压成形过程中冲头挤压速度、内压和圆角半径对成形结果的影响规律。结果表明,支管顶部壁厚值最小,主管端部以及过渡圆角半径处壁厚值最大;随着挤压速度的增大,三通支管高度先增加后逐渐减小;内压不足容易导致起皱,内压过大则支管顶部严重减薄甚至开裂;随着过渡圆角半径的增加,最大支管高度明显增加,壁厚均匀性改善。实验结果表明,成形内压和轴向进给速度匹配较为合理时,可以成形得到既不起皱也不开裂的不锈钢超薄壁三通管件。     

镁合金管件的内高压成形机制与有限元模拟分析

以镁合金(AZ31)T形管在150℃的情况下的成形为研究对象,对镁合金管件的内高压成形机制进行分析和有限元模拟,得到镁合金管件内高压成形特性,实现轻量化。通过理论计算得到成形圧力;然后利用有限元软件Dynaform,分析T形管在已得到的压力下,不同轴向进给速度对成形的影响;分析了在相同的内压和轴向进给速度下,不同壁厚对成形的影响。结果表明:镁合金T管在150℃下的最优成形压力为20 MPa,轴向速度为5 m/s,壁厚为1 mm;镁合金的成形需要合适的温度、内压力、轴向推力的合理配合。     

Hydroforming of automotive structural components with rectangular-sections

An experimental and numerical simulation was conducted to investigate hydroforming of automotive rectangular-section structural components and the results were used as guidelines for some prototypes. The effect of loading path on the failures and thickness distribution was discussed and the reasons were analyzed for the failures, such as bursting and folding. Hydroforming with axial feeding is strongly sensitive to the loading path. Bursting occurs in transition zone in the calibration when the internal pressure increases faster than the axial feeding. Otherwise, folding will take place due to too much axial feeding. There is the maximum thickness at central point of the side of cross-section and the minimum thickness at the transition area. If the n value of the tube material is bigger, the thickness of the final part will be more uniform. By using a petal-like perform section shape, the pressure for forming the transition radii was greatly reduced and components with small radii can be formed with relatively low pressure.     

A fast algorithm for strain prediction in tube hydroforming based on one-step inverse approach

This paper presents recent developments of a simplified finite element method called the inverse approach (IA) for the estimation of large elastoplastic strains and thickness distribution in tube hydroforming. The basic formulation of the IA, proposed by Guo et al. (1990), has been modified and adapted for the modeling of three-dimensional tube hydroforming problems in which the initial geometry is a circular tube expanded by internal pressure and submitted to axial feed at the tube ends. The application of the IA is illustrated through the analyses of numerical applications concerning the hydroforming of axisymmetric bulge, made from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 tubing, the hydroforming of square section hollow component and the hydroforming of a free Tee extrusion from welded low carbon steel LCS-1008 tubing. Verifications of the obtained results have been carried out using experimental results together with the classical explicit dynamic incremental approach using ABAQUS^® commercial code to show the effectiveness of our approach.     

空心双拐曲轴内高压成形数值模拟

应用动态显式有限元法对空心双拐曲轴的内高压成形过程进行了模拟分析,研究了加载路径对内高压成形的影响,指出了在加载曲线中存在着最佳成形区间,成形压力小于20MPa时,管坯产生起皱,成形压力大于32MPa时,管坯发生开裂,只有合理的应用加载路径,成形压力介于20MPa与30MPa之间,使轴向进给量可以正好补偿径向的变形量才能获得壁厚较为均匀的合格零件。     

管材液压成形技术的发展——从前8届国际塑性加工会议看管材液压成形技术的发展

文章回顾了前8届国际塑性加工会议论文集中关于管材液压成形方面的文献,发现,早期的管材液压胀形技术内压较低,后来发展到可同时实现超高压和轴向补料;可成形零件的轴线由直线变为二维或三维空间曲线,种类大幅增加;适用于内高压成形的材料也由铝、铜、低碳钢等增加了不锈钢、铝合金、镁合金;同时热态内压成形技术也蓬勃发展起来。     

Optimization of loading conditions for tube hydroforming

Tube hydroforming is a developing technology with advanced features of lightness and unified part. This study investigates the best possible regulation for loading conditions between the internal pressure and the axial feeding by hydroforming of a T-shape metal tube. Using conjugate gradient method with finite element method, a program module is generated to check the hydroformed tube quality about its thickness uniformity and the geometry accuracy. Thereby, a batch mode and a sequential mode to optimize the loading conditions of the tube hydroforming process are created and investigated. Regarding the tube quality from the simulation results, the hydroforming process, which follows the loading curve generated by the sequential mode, is better than by the batch mode. The optimal loading procedure generated by this article can offer another possibility for engineer by determining the internal pressure and the axial feeding in tube hydroforming.     

轴向补料对双金属薄壁管冲击液压成形影响的研究

双金属薄壁管冲击液压胀形技术是在液压胀形与冲压成形基础上发展起来的一种复合成形技术。为了获取更好的成形质量，在液压预成形与冲击液压成形相结合的基础上，通过改变液压预成形的加载路径实现双金属薄壁管成形。介绍双金属薄壁管冲击液压成形原理及内管轴向补料方案；利用Dynaform有限元分析内管轴向补料距离对双金属薄壁管壁厚分布的影响，获得轴向补料距离对双金属薄壁管成形规律；同时，分析内管轴向补料距离对管材中截面的对角线长度变化影响规律，从而获得内管轴向补料距离对双金属薄壁管填充性的影响。通过液压预成形阶段加载路径的研究，探明了轴向补料对双金属薄壁管成形规律的影响，为冲击液压载荷作用下的双金属薄壁管成形提供理论与应用支撑。     

异形截面管充液成形工艺及过程优化

异形截面管件广泛应用于汽车底盘结构件领域,它不仅可以充分利用材料的强度和刚度,而且是实现结构轻量化的重要措施之一。对汽车底盘变截面管件进行研究,利用有限元软件Dynaform建立了QSTE340低碳钢管材充液成形的有限元模型。研究了充液成形过程中管材预制坯形状、初始屈服压力、整形压力及推头轴向进给量对成形结果的影响,并通过试验验证了仿真分析的准确性。研究结果表明:在异形截面管零件成形过程中,管材预制坯各截面周长与最终零件各截面周长相近时,可以提高成形质量;当初始屈服压力为70 MPa、整形压力为200 MPa、轴向补料量为25 mm时,可以成形出合格零件。     

Experimental investigation of friction coefficient in tube hydroforming

The friction coefficient between tube and die in guide zone of tube hydroforming was obtained. In hydroforming, the tube is expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. By pushing the tube through tool, a friction force at the contact surface between the tube and the tool occurs. In guiding zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be estimated from the measured axial feeding forces. In expansion zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be evaluated from the measured geometries of expanded tubes and FE analysis.     

Experimental investigation of friction coefficient in tube hydroforming

The friction coefficient between tube and die in guide zone of tube hydroforming was obtained. In hydroforming, the tube is expanded by an internal pressure against the tool wall. By pushing the tube through tool, a friction force at the contact surface between the tube and the tool occurs. In guiding zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be estimated from the measured axial feeding forces. In expansion zone, the friction coefficients between tube and die can be evaluated from the measured geometries of expanded tubes and FE analysis.     

Manufacture of an automobile lower arm by hydroforming

An automobile lower arm has been fabricated in a prototype form by hydroforming with the aids of numerical analysis and experiments. For the numerical process design, a program called HydroFORM-3D developed here on the basis of a rigid–plastic model, has been applied to the lower arm hydroforming. The friction calculation between die and workpiece has been dealt with carefully by introducing a new scheme in three-dimensional surface integration. To accomplish successful hydroforming process design, thorough investigation on the proper combination of process parameters such as internal hydraulic pressure, axial feeding and tool geometry has been performed. Results obtained from numerical simulation for a lower arm in the hydroforming process are compared with a series of experiments. The comparison shows that the numerical analysis successfully provides the manufacturing information on the lower arm hydroforming, and it predicts the geometrical deformation and the thinning.