栀子黄色素的制备及栀子红色素转化菌株的筛选

对栀子黄色素的制备进行了研究,栀子黄色素以60％vol乙醇作提取剂时的提取效果较好,吸光度值A440nm是水提的3倍左右,具体工艺条件为料液比1∶6,提取温度60℃,提取时间3h;经AB-8型大孔树脂精制后的栀子黄色素与粗品相比,色价提高了7倍左右;以预处理后的栀子黄色素废液为原料,筛选得到桅子红色素转化菌黑曲-5,其转化液最大吸收波长为535nm.     

超声波辅助醇提法提取栀子中栀子黄色素

提高栀子果中栀子黄色素的提取率对后期栀子黄色素的精制及应用具有积极促进作用。该研究旨在建立一种从栀子果实中提取栀子黄色素的有效经济方法。通过超声辅助法研究栀子果实中粒度、提取时间、提取温度、提取剂浓度及液料比对栀子黄色素提取率的影响，基于单因素实验结果，采用五因素三水平的响应面法优化提取工艺，以提高栀子黄色素的提取率。结果显示，栀子黄色素的最佳提取工艺是提取时间31 min、提取温度62℃、液料比25∶1、乙醇浓度48%、粒度80目。采用响应面法优化后的提取工艺，栀子黄色素实际平均提取率为18.36%,与响应预测值18.38%相差0.02%,误差为0.19%,误差较小，说明该工艺具有良好的可靠性。与单因素实验相比，优化后的提取工艺将栀子黄色素的提取率从15.15%提高到18.36%,故优化后的工艺有利于栀子黄色素的提取，具有实际应用价值。     

栀子黄色素水提工艺的研究

对栀子黄色素的相关提取因素进行了系统的研究,试验结果表明,栀子黄色素的最大吸收波长为440nm,采用水作为提取剂,4000r/min离心20min,离心温度4℃,采用正交试验确定浸提法的最佳工艺条件为提取料液比为1∶5,提取温度为60℃,浸提时间为30min.     

天然栀子黄色素的提取及其对棉织物的染色特征值研究

为了研究栀子黄色素在棉织物中的染色应用情况,采用不同温度提取栀子黄色素,并在纯棉织物上进行染色实验。结果表明:栀子黄色素可在常温下采用直接水煮法提取,且提取的栀子黄色素可染出鲜艳的黄色纯棉织物;当温度为60℃时,提取的栀子黄色素对纯棉织物的上染百分率最高;染液浓度越大,染得的棉织物越容易获得深浓的黄色,也越偏红光;当温度大于60℃时,温度越高,栀子黄色素越容易遭到破坏,染得的棉织物也越容易偏绿光和蓝光。     

龙眼果皮黄色素提取工艺及稳定性的研究

对龙眼果皮黄色素的提取工艺及稳定性进行了研究 ,结果表明 :以 0 1%HCl+95 %乙醇 1∶1溶剂配比作为提取剂 ,固 -液配比为 5∶95 ,温度为 70℃ ,提取时间为 2h是最佳提取工艺条件 ,在此条件下提取的龙眼果皮色素提取率最高 ,达到 1 2 5 %。龙眼果皮黄色素在弱酸、温度低于6 0℃下较稳定 ,但强酸、强碱、光照、高温及氧化还原剂等对其稳定性有一定影响     

大孔吸附树脂精制栀子黄色素

采用乙醇水溶液提取栀子黄色素，正交试验分析了料液比、乙醇的浓度、回流温度、回流次数等因素对栀子黄色素提取率的影响。用大孔树脂法分离纯化栀子黄色素，考察了HPD100A、H103等13种大孔树脂对栀予黄色素和栀予甙的吸附性能，确定以HPD100A、H103相结合分离纯化栀子黄色素，可以得到色价〉368、OD值〈0．24的高品质栀子黄色素。     

栀子黄色素的提取及精制研究

本文通过正交试验,确定了超声波法提取栀子黄色素的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇溶液60%、温度为45℃、提取时间20min。同时,本文对几种大孔树脂对栀子黄色素的精制条件和效果进行了研究。结果表明:D3520、D140树脂的精制效果较好,适合制备高色价的栀子黄色素。经D140树脂精制后的栀子黄色素的色价达到401,得率为1.80%;经D3520树脂精制后的栀子黄色素的色价达到434,得率为1.33%。二者比较,D3520精制的栀子黄色素的色价略高,OD比值略低,而D140树脂的吸附容量更大。     

玉米粗蛋白粉黄色素的提取工艺研究

利用索氏提取法比较95％乙醇、异丙醇、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚和蒸馏水提取玉米粗蛋白粉黄色素的效果，结果发现95％乙醇为最佳溶剂，95％乙醇提取液λmax为446nm。单因素试验和正交试验表明：液料比和浸提时间对提取玉米粗蛋白粉黄色素的影响较大，其次为浸提温度，而浸提液pH的影响较小。最佳提取工艺为：温度85℃、pH4．0、提取时间4h、液料比8：1。     

酒度对栀子黄色素色泽稳定性影响的研究

从中药栀子中提取的栀子黄色素是一种安全、无毒的食用色素.该文研究了栀子黄色素在不同酒度中的稳定性,并对其在紫外光照、自然光照、避光存放、不同pH值、不同温度下进行了考察,结果表明光照、酒度降低是影响栀子黄色素色泽稳定的主要因素,pH值在4.0～7.0、温度在-10℃～0℃、50℃对栀子黄色素的稳定性无明显影响.     

栀子黄色素超声提取工艺的优化

本实验优选了超声波提取制栀子黄色素的最佳提取条件,采用二次通用旋转组合设计试验方法,建立了提取温度、提取时间、料液比、提取溶剂浓度之间关系的经验数学模型.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为提取时间35min,提取温度50℃,液料比1:13,溶剂浓度70%.通过DPS分析软件所建立的数学模型,在此最佳提取条件下,栀子黄色素的吸光度为0.994.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the