基于可靠指标的密封螺栓静强度设计

考虑内压容器垫片密封螺栓静强度和载荷的模糊不确定性,应用模糊等效随机的信息熵理论,将密封螺栓的模糊静强度和模糊载荷分别等效为随机静强度和随机载荷;根据等可靠度的观点,确定了密封螺栓静强度在不同工况时的可靠指标,建立按可靠指标进行密封螺栓静强度设计的方法,得到其静强度安全系数。研究表明,(1)按静强度可靠指标得到了计算密封螺栓最小直径的公式。(2)密封螺栓在预紧、正常操作、气压试验与液压试验时,屈服强度的可靠指标分别为2.486 0、2.486 0、1.920 4与0.815 0,抗拉强度的可靠指标分别为5.644 6、5.644 6、5.644 6与4.270 0。(3)基于满足屈服和抗拉强度的可靠指标,螺栓屈服与抗拉强度的最小安全系数分别为1.45与1.90。     

钢制薄壁内压容器模糊静强度的可靠度

基于信息熵中模糊性度量与随机性度量相等可实现模糊变量等效随机变量的原理,将钢制薄壁内压容器的模糊静强度和模糊载荷等效为随机静强度和随机载荷,讨论按我国标准设计与制造的钢制薄壁内压容器模糊静强度,在最苛刻压力试验条件下的最小可靠度.研究表明,在最苛刻的气压与液压试验条件下,(1)钢制薄壁内压圆筒模糊屈服强度可靠度的最小值分别为0.972 60和0.792 5,模糊爆破强度可靠度的最小值分别为0.999 999 991 40与0.999 989 75.(2)钢制薄壁内压球形容器模糊屈服强度可靠度的最小值分别为0.999 337 0与0.903 25,模糊爆破强度可靠度的最小值分别为0.999 998 87与0.999 907 95.(3)扁平绕带容器模糊屈服强度可靠度的最小值分别为0.993 540与0.932 28,模糊爆破强度可靠度的最小值分别为0.999 999 153与0.999 977 4.     

基于信息熵的钢制薄壁内压容器试验压力

基于钢制薄壁内压容器模糊静强度的信息熵分析,从控制钢制薄壁内压容器模糊静强度在正常操作与压力试验时模糊可靠度的角度,对其安全系数与试验压力系数进行探索。研究表明,从等可靠度的观点,(1)钢制薄壁内压容器模糊屈服强度可靠度在正常操作时应不低于0.99354,在气压与液压试验时应分别不低于0.97260与0.7925;模糊爆破强度可靠度在正常操作时应不低于0.99999999140,在气压与液压试验时应分别不低于0.99999999140与0.999990226。(2)钢制薄壁内压圆筒屈服安全系数应不小于1.45,抗拉安全系数应不小于1.80;钢制薄壁内压球形容器屈服安全系数应不小于1.40,抗拉安全系数应不小于1.85;扁平绕带式容器屈服安全系数应不小于1.35,抗拉安全系数应不小于1.95。(3)钢制薄壁内压圆筒试验压力系数在气压试验时应不小于1.04,但不大于1.16;在液压试验时应不小于1.04,但不大于1.26。钢制薄壁内压球形容器试验压力系数在气压试验时应不小于1.04,但不大于1.19;在液压试验时应不小于1.04,但不大于1.26;扁平绕带式容器试验压力系数在气压试验时应不小于1.04,但不大于1.16;在液压试验时应不小于1.04,但不大于1.28。     

钢制压力容器静强度可靠性设计研究

墓于信息熵理论,分析钢制压力容器的最苛刻压力试验条件;得到五种结构容器模糊静强度在最苛刻压力试验时可接受的可靠度;从等可靠度的观点,确定六种结构容器模糊静强度在压力试验和正常操作时的许用可靠度;建立按模糊静强度许用可靠度确定超压限制系数、安全系数及试验压力系数的钢制压力容器静强度可靠性设计的关健技术.采用25组钢制薄壁内压容器屈服强度和58组钢制薄壁外压容器临界失稳强度的试验数据,验证文中方法的有效可行性.     

基于许用可靠度的超高压圆筒爆破安全系数

基于钢制薄壁压力容器的可靠性研究,确定了超高压圆筒在耐压试验与正常操作状态下的许用可靠度系数,采用应力-强度干涉模型,建立了超高压圆筒爆破安全系数、试验压力系数与许用可靠度系数三者之间的关系。研究表明:1)超高压容器爆破压力许用可靠度系数,在耐压试验时的范围应不小于3.31且不大于6.81,在正常操作时应不小于3.91且不大于7.57。2)基于满足许用可靠度系数范围,采用福贝尔(Faupel)公式设计径比在1.33与4.71之间的超高压圆筒,当圆筒材料的屈强比在0.4997与0.8852之间时,爆破安全系数的最小值为2.50,对应的试验压力系数应不小于1.08且不大于1.25。     

兆瓦级风力发电机主轴结构强度及可靠性分析

针对某1.5 MW双馈式风力发电机,利用Ansys的参数化建模语言APDL对其主轴进行参数化建模,得到风机主轴参数化模型以及命令流文件。根据风机主轴的载荷数据,校核了风机主轴在16组极限工况下的静强度,结果显示主轴工作应力在工况dlc 2.1b最大,为237.086 MPa。最大工作应力小于许用极限,主轴符合静强度要求。考虑到实际情况下风机主轴结构尺寸参数、材料力学参数以及所受载荷参数的随机性,利用专门的概率分析软件NESSUS联合Ansys,对风机主轴进行基于静强度的结构可靠性分析,结果显示风机主轴的结构可靠性P_R=0.999 224 4,略小于要求的0.999 9。根据灵敏度分析结果,提高屈服强度均值,降低屈服强度标准差,提高尺寸参数R_2均值可增加风机主轴结构可靠度。     

钢制薄壁内压容器静强度最小安全系数的研究

考虑到容器静强度与载荷的不确定性,得到钢制薄壁内压容器的安全系数与试验压力系数,是创建压力容器可靠性设计理论的重要内容;根据容器静强度在最苛刻耐压试验时的许用可靠度,确定了容器在耐压试验和正常操作时的最小许用可靠度范围;得到了用于计算钢制薄壁内压容器静强度最小安全系数与试验压力系数的方法。     

钢制薄壁内压容器的压力试验超压限制系数

基于钢制薄壁内压容器模糊静强度可靠度的信息熵分析,对其在最苛刻压力试验时的超压限制系数进行研究,导出该系数的理论计算公式。如果要求钢制薄壁内压容器屈服强度的模糊可靠度在最苛刻气压与液压试验时分别为0.97260与0.7925,爆破强度的模糊可靠度在最苛刻气压与液压试验时分别为0.99999999140与0.999990226;则研究表明:(1)钢制薄壁内压圆筒在气压与液压试验时的超压限制系数在屈服失效准则下应分别不大于0.800与0.900,在爆破失效准则下应分别不大于0.640与0.719。(2)钢制薄壁内压球壳在气压与液压试验时的超压限制系数在屈服失效准则下应分别不大于0.848与0.943,在爆破失效准则下应分别不大于0.581与0.680。(3)扁平绕带容器在气压与液压试验时的超压限制系数在屈服失效准则下应分别不大于0.858与0.971,在爆破失效准则下应分别不大于0.538与0.658。     

含开孔复合材料构件的安全系数分析

通过对T300/5405含孔复合材料层压板拉伸强度试验数据的统计分析,指出开孔后拉伸强度符合两参数Weibull分布。在此基础上,讨论了开孔强度服从Weibull分布,应力服从正态分布时,复合材料基于基准许用值安全系数与可靠度之间的关系。给出了一些常用复合材料在不同应力变异系数和不同可靠度要求下的A基准值和B基准值安全系数的统计取值范围。试验数据对比分析结果表明:含孔层压板与光滑层压板在获得同样可靠度的要求下,安全系数取值范围相近。并且在相同可靠度要求下,A基准值安全系数小于B基准值安全系数。     

含开孔复合材料构件的安全系数分析

通过对T300/5405含孔复合材料层压板拉伸强度试验数据的统计分析,指出开孔后拉伸强度符合两参数Weibull分布。在此基础上,讨论了开孔强度服从Weibull分布,应力服从正态分布时,复合材料基于基准许用值安全系数与可靠度之间的关系。给出了一些常用复合材料在不同应力变异系数和不同可靠度要求下的A基准值和B基准值安全系数的统计取值范围。试验数据对比分析结果表明:含孔层压板与光滑层压板在获得同样可靠度的要求下,安全系数取值范围相近。并且在相同可靠度要求下,A基准值安全系数小于B基准值安全系数。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.