海藻多糖的提取、分离纯化与应用研究进展

海藻多糖是海藻中的重要活性物质,含量较高。大量研究表明,海藻多糖具有良好的凝胶性、稳定性、成膜性,同时具有抗病毒、抗凝血、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗氧化等多种生物活性,被广泛应用于食品、保健医药及化妆品等方面。本文综述了海藻多糖的提取、分离纯化以及应用的研究新进展,比较分析了不同的提取及分离纯化方法的优缺点,列举了海藻多糖在食品、保健医疗及化妆品等方面的应用,指出了海藻多糖发展中存在的一些问题,并对海藻多糖未来的发展及应用进行了展望,以期能更好的开发利用海藻多糖,促进海藻多糖行业的持续健康发展。     

海藻多糖免疫调控活性研究进展

海藻是极其丰富的天然活性产物资源,其种类多、面积大,成本低且适应环境能力强,因此近些年挖掘天然海藻的经济价值成为热点课题。海藻多糖是海藻中主要的活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒和免疫调节等多种功能。大量研究发现海藻多糖发挥上述作用与调节机体免疫系统功能密切相关。本文综述了海藻多糖对免疫器官、免疫细胞及免疫调控分子的影响,为后期海藻多糖的生物活性研究提供一定的科学理论指导。     

海藻多糖与肠道菌群相互作用研究进展

肠道菌群是寄居于宿主体内的共生微生物群体, 在维持机体健康及控制疾病发生等方面发挥着重要作用。海藻多糖是从海藻中提取出的一种具有生物活性的膳食纤维, 具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒、降血糖、免疫调节等多种活性。研究发现海藻多糖不能被人体消化酶降解, 但可以被肠道菌群降解和利用, 而海藻多糖又可以通过调节肠道菌群影响机体健康。本文综述了肠道菌群对海藻多糖的降解利用, 海藻多糖通过调节肠道菌群改善炎症性肠病、高血脂、糖尿病等疾病, 探讨了海藻多糖结构对肠道菌群的影响, 以期为海藻多糖与肠道菌群相互作用在改善人体健康方面的研究提供一定参考。     

海藻多糖提取纯化及生物活性的研究进展

多糖是海藻中重要的生物活性组分之一,海藻多糖具有抗氧化、提高机体免疫力、抗炎和抗肿瘤等重要的生物学功能,受到了人们的广泛关注。本文介绍了海藻多糖的提取和纯化方法及活性功能方面的新进展,以期促进海藻多糖的进一步开发利用。     

海藻多糖在植物空心硬胶囊中的应用

文章系统总结了应用于肠溶空心胶囊中的海藻酸钠和应用于胃溶空心胶囊中的卡拉胶的海藻多糖的结构特性、理化性质,以及与其他植物多糖复配的凝胶特性和流变学性质,综述了这类海藻多糖混合体系的成膜性能和植物空心胶囊制备工艺情况,并展望该海藻多糖植物空心胶囊未来的研究方向,为海藻多糖植物空心胶囊的研究提供有益参考。     

基于肠道菌群的海藻多糖对部分疾病影响的研究进展

肠道菌群是微生态系统的重要组成部分，参与宿主的能量代谢和免疫调节，对机体具有重要的生理学意义。大量研究表明，肠道菌群在疾病的发生发展过程中发挥着重要的作用。海藻多糖是从海藻中提取出来的由多个单糖通过糖苷键连接而成的碳水化合物，因其具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖等多种生物活性，而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。研究发现海藻多糖可以通过促进肠道益生菌的增殖、抑制有害菌的生长，调节肠道微生态平衡，从而发挥治疗疾病的作用。本文论述了海藻多糖通过调节肠道菌群对部分疾病产生的影响，旨在为海藻多糖的开发利用提供参考，为相关疾病的预防和治疗提供新思路。     

海藻多糖降解酶的研究进展

本文系统阐述了海藻多糖降解酶的研究现状以及进展,并对该酶的研究作了展望。     

海藻多糖的结构、提取和生物活性研究新进展

本文介绍了海藻多糖的结构和提取方法，综述了海藻多糖的多种生物活性，包括抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗突变、抗氧化，调节免疫活性及其他一些功能，并对海藻的应用前景作了展望。     

海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其抗凝血活性的研究进展

海藻硫酸多糖是从海藻中提取的一类生物活性多糖,迄今已提取出多种具有抗凝血活性的海藻硫酸多糖,它作为一种有望替代肝素的新型抗凝血活性物质日益受到关注。现就目前国内外对海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其抗凝活性的研究进展作一综述。     

海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其抗凝血活性的研究进展

海藻硫酸多糖是从海藻中提取的一类生物活性多糖,迄今已提取出多种具有抗凝血活性的海藻硫酸多糖,它作为一种有望替代肝素的新型抗凝血活性物质日益受到关注。现就目前国内外对海藻硫酸多糖的制备及其抗凝活性的研究进展作一综述。     

海藻中活性物质抗高血压与抗肥胖作用的研究现状

海藻是海洋中最古老的低等隐花植物之一,随着人们对海洋生物资源的深入研究,海藻已成为天然生物活性物质开发的重要来源之一,近年来从其分离出的活性物质包括多糖类、蛋白质、多酚类、不饱和脂肪酸等,为海藻提供了多种生物学功能,如抗肿瘤、降血糖、免疫调节等活性,目前已广泛应用于食品、医药行业。为了发掘海藻更多的功能特性,拓展海藻开发利用的空间,促进人类的身体健康,本文主要综述海藻的抗高血压、抗肥胖活性的研究进展,首先简要概述了国内外人群高血压及肥胖的现状及发病机制,分析了海藻几种主要的活性成分特性,最后详细阐述了海藻起降血压、减肥功能的活性物质的研究现状,以期为全球高血压及肥胖等慢性代谢病的缓解治疗提供多样化的思路,丰富人们对海藻及海藻产品的认识,为海洋资源的进一步开发研究提供文献参考。     

Bioavailability study using an in-vitro method of iodine and bromine in edible seaweed

Raw edible seaweed harvested in the Galician coast (Northwester Spain), including two red seaweed types (Dulse and Nori), three brown seaweed (Kombu, Wakame and Sea Spaghetti), one green seaweed (Sea Lettuce) and one microalgae (Spirulina platensis) were analysed for total iodine and total bromine, as well as for iodine and bromine bioavailability by in-vitro methods (simulated gastric and intestinal digestion/dialysis). Similarly, a cooked seaweed sample (canned in brine) consisting of a mixture of two brown seaweed (Sea Spaghetti and Furbelows) and a derived product (agar–agar) from the red seaweed Gelidiumm sesquipedale, were also included in the study. All measurements were carried out by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry using tellurium and yttrium as internal standards for iodine and bromine, respectively. An optimised microwave assisted alkaline (TMAH) digestion procedure was used as sample pre-treatment for total iodine and bromine determinations, as well as for the determination of both elements in the non-dialyzable fractions. PIPES buffer solution at a pH of 7.0 and dialysis membranes of 10 kDa molecular weight cut off (MWCO) were used for the intestinal digestion. Accuracy of the method (total bromine and iodine determinations) was assessed by analysing a NIES-09 certified reference material. The accuracy of the in-vitro procedure was established by a mass-balance study which led, after statistical evaluation (95% confidence interval), good accuracy of the whole in-vitro process. The highest dialyzability bromine percentages (36 ± 0.7% and 47 ± 3.0%) were obtained for red seaweed (Dulse and Nori), while higher dialyzability iodine was assessed for the brown seaweed (Kombu), around 17% ± 0.7%.     

海藻多酚的生物活性研究进展

海藻多酚是一类广泛存在于藻类体内的具有多元酚结构的次生代谢物,分子量分布范围复杂,是间苯三酚衍生物。由于我国海藻资源丰富,近年来,从海藻中提取的活性物质-海藻多酚逐渐进入人们的视野。随着对海藻多酚研究的深入,其独特的生物活性日益受到人们的关注。海藻多酚结构复杂,具有广泛的生物活性,对开发海洋保健食品、海洋药物具有重要意义。本文总结了近年来国内外海藻多酚抗氧化、抑菌、抗凝血、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病、抗肥胖、抗艾滋以及酶抑制等生物活性的研究进展,旨在为海藻多酚的深入研究以及藻类产品的开发与利用提供理论依据。     

Texture and Quality Properties of Chinese Fresh Egg Noodles Formulated with Green Seaweed (Monostroma nitidum) Powder

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare fresh Chinese noodles made with different levels of green seaweed. Green seaweed powder was incorporated in proportions of 4%, 6%, and 8% in noodles, which were made with or without additional eggs. Proximate compositions, cooking properties, textural intensities, and sensory qualities of noodles were assessed. The addition of seaweed powder increased the crude fiber contents of raw fresh noodles; the fiber contents were 0.100%± 0.015 to 0.449%± 0.013 for noodles made with eggs from 0% to 8% additional seaweed and 0.247%± 0.018 to 0.344%± 0.021 for those without eggs. Higher cooking yields were found in the noodles, due to water absorption during cooking by the fibers and polysaccharides in the seaweed. Significantly higher cooking yields (P < 0.05) were found in the noodles with 8% additional seaweed powder; water uptake readings measured 2.39 ± 0.38 and 2.43 ± 0.25 g H₂O/g noodle for samples made without and with eggs, respectively. Higher water absorption by the seaweed led to softer and spongier textural intensities in the noodles. Breaking energy of cooked fresh egg noodles were 28.94 ± 3.42 to 6.43 ± 1.01 N × mm for 8% to 0% additional seaweed, and the intensities decreased as the amount of seaweed increased; the same pattern was observed in noodles without eggs, where readings were 8.66 ± 1.02 to 3.49 ± 0.25 N × mm. Capacities of extensibility measured 61.81 ± 2.04 to 30.74 ± 0.90 mm for fresh egg noodles with additional seaweed powder from 0% to 8%, and 47.46 ± 2.41 to 28.36 ± 2.25 mm for cooked fresh noodles without eggs. The results from Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that textural parameters were influenced not only by additional eggs and seaweed powder, but also by cooking properties.     

海藻中碘的形态及其食用安全性研究进展

碘是人体甲状腺激素合成的必需元素,也是人体必需的微量元素之一。依据世界卫生组织提出的食盐加碘补碘策略, 1994年我国颁布了《食盐加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理条例》。但长期过量摄入无机碘,不仅会引起甲状腺功能失调,增加患甲状腺癌的几率,还会导致其他组织器官病变。海藻是天然的食用碘资源,有机碘含量最高达80%。通过海藻碘、有机碘和无机碘的毒性研究发现,长期大量摄入海藻碘和有机碘对甲状腺的危害要小很多。本文分析了我国补碘现状及国内外碘的限量,对比海藻碘、有机碘和无机碘的毒性差异,阐述当前海藻碘的毒性研究进展,为进一步开展海藻碘的食用安全性评估和制定碘的限量提供参考。     

海藻乳酸菌发酵的研究进展

海藻是一类重要的海洋资源,富含大量营养元素如蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质,以及多糖、酚类等生物活性物质。由于海藻营养价值极高,利用乳酸菌发酵海藻促进生物活性化合物的产生和释放,具有良好的健康效益。因此,本文根据国内外近年来利用乳酸菌发酵海藻的相关研究报道,对乳酸菌发酵类型、乳酸菌发酵海藻的可行性和乳酸菌主要种类、以及乳酸菌在海藻发酵中的效果和作用进行阐述,同时综述了乳酸菌发酵海藻在食品行业中的开发应用现状,并对今后发展趋势和前景进行展望,为藻类乳酸菌发酵制品的开发提供一定参考。     

Bioaccumulation of chromium from tannery wastewater: an approach for chrome recovery and reuse

The presence of chromium in the effluent is a major concern for the tanning industry. Currently, chemical precipitation methods are practiced for the removal of chromium from the effluent, but that leads to the formation of chrome-bearing solid wastes. The other membrane separation and ion exchange methods available are unfeasible due to their cost. In this study, the removal of chromium from tannery effluent has been carried out using abundantly available brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Simulated chrome tanning solution was used for the standardization of experimental trials. Various factors influencing the uptake of chromium, viz., quantity of seaweed, concentrations of chromium, pH of the chrome-bearing wastewater, and duration of treatment, have been studied. Chemical modification of the seaweed through pretreatment with sulfuric acid, magnesium chloride, and calcium chloride showed improved uptake of chromium. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been fitted for various quantities of seaweed. The dynamic method of treatment of protonated seaweed with simulated chrome tanning solution at a pH of 3.5-3.8 for a duration of 6 h gave the maximum uptake of about 83%. A similar uptake has been established for commercial chrome tanning wastewater containing the same concentration of chromium. The Sargassum species exhibited a maximum uptake of 35 mg of chromium per gram of seaweed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and flame photometry studies have been carried out to understand the mechanistic pathway for the removal of chromium. The potential reuse of chromium-containing seaweed for the preparation of basic chromium sulfate (tanning agent) has been demonstrated.     

微波联合红外烘烤对夹心海苔品质的影响

为解决夹心海苔在生产过程中二次高温烘烤导致的生产能耗高、产品品质参差不齐等问题,本论文研究了7.5、15 W/g功率微波联合120、150、180、210℃红外烘烤对比单一红外烘烤对夹心海苔质构、色泽、营养成分、风味以及微生物的影响。结果表明:对比单一红外烘烤,微波联合红外烘烤的夹心海苔质构特性变化显著（P<0.05）,其中脆度、胶着性和咀嚼性都呈下降趋势;色泽更趋近于黄绿色,总色差无显著差异,基本营养成分无显著差异。风味物质方面,单一红外烘烤后乙硫醇、辛醛、壬醛相对含量逐渐降低,夹心海苔的特殊风味降低;而微波联合红外烘烤得到的产品含有较多甲硫醚,相对含量高达76.8%,为夹心海苔带来明显的鲜味。微生物方面,微波联合红外烘烤杀灭微生物的效率显著高于单一红外烘烤（P<0.05）。此外,对比单一红外烘烤,联合7.5 W/g微波烘烤能耗降低3.15%~18.78%,在节能上更有优势。综上,本研究利用微波联合红外烘烤生产夹心海苔,使产品色泽优,生产能耗低,微生物杀灭效果好,并能提高产品风味,为夹心海苔烘烤技术的升级提供理论参考。