碳纤维/羰基铁粉复合涂层吸波效果及机理分析

在碳纤维表面化学镀镍,再将其与羰基铁粉混合制备成吸波涂层,对其吸波性能进行了测试.结果表明:在2～18 GHz内,碳纤维/羰基铁粉吸波涂层,最大吸收峰在5.92 GHz,此时反射率为-8.89 dB,反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽为9.50 GHz;单层羰基铁粉涂层在相同厚度下,最大吸收峰为7.94 GHz,对应的反射率为-10.36 dB,反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽为6.90 GHz;碳纤维与羰基铁粉混合后,涂层反射率小于-5.00 dB的频宽增大,有利于吸收雷达波.最后,对碳纤维/羰基铁粉吸波涂层的吸波机理进行了初步分析.     

涂层与镀层复合雷达波吸收性能研究

以纳米铁酸镍钴铁氧体复合Co粉、羰基铁粉等为吸收剂,并采用化学镀层和涂层方法,进行了单层、双层和三层沣涂层的吸波性能实验研究.结果表明:双层复合涂层的吸波性能较单层涂层在低频段有较大的提高;三层复合涂层的吸波性能优于双层复合涂层,三层复合涂层反射率小于-5dB的频宽为4.5～18GHz,较双层涂层提高5.4GHz.其中,镀镍层对提高吸波性能作用明显.     

掺混型碳化硅纤维及其微波吸收特性

运用超声将平均粒径３０ｎｍ的超细金属镍粉均匀分散到聚碳硅烷中，通过熔融纺丝、不熔化处理、烧结，制备出具有良好力学性能、电阻率连续可调的掺混型碳化硅陶瓷纤维。这种纤维与环氧树脂复合制备的三层结构吸波材料具有良好的微波吸收特性，运用ＷＡＸＤ研究了纳米镍粉在陶瓷纤维内的存在状态。     

尖锥型结构宽频吸波材料设计

基于吸波材料阻抗匹配的要求,设计了一种尖锥型吸波结构.该吸波结构是由一系列圆锥阵列排布在基板上组成.以尖锥的夹角和在尖锥表面涂覆导电涂层的方阻为参数,利用数值方法分析得到在尖锥夹角为15°、表面方阻为200Ω/sq时,在较宽频带范围内吸波性能优良.利用设计参数制备得到的尖锥型吸波材料的反射率测试结果表明:在设计参数条件下,吸波材料在2～18 GHz频率范围内,反射率低于-10 dB的带宽为14.4GHz,反射率低于-20 dB的带宽为13.3 GHz,最强吸收峰在7 GHz处,吸收峰强度为34.2 dB,尖锥型结构吸波材料具有宽频带强吸波效果.     

双层结构碳团簇型微波隐身材料的吸波性能研究

通过微波隐身材料结构设计 ,采用密度较小的碳团簇型原料 ,制备得到了具有良好吸波性能的双层结构碳团簇型微波隐身涂层材料。该材料厚度为 (1.85± 0 .1)mm ,密度为 1.16g/cm3 ,在 8～ 12 .4GHz频率范围内 ,最小反射率达 -3 0dB ,其中反射率小于 -10dB的吸收带宽近 60 % ,且具有良好的吸波性能稳定性     

膨胀石墨基纳米镍、铁、钴化学镀制备复合吸波材料

为了获得薄、轻、宽、强等性能理想的吸波材料,采用化学镀的方法在膨胀石墨表面镀覆纳米镍、镍钴、镍铁钴,制备了复合吸波材料.SEM和EDs分析证实,膨胀石墨表面镍层、镍钴层、镍铁钴层的镀覆厚度约为70～150 nm.采用HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了复合吸波材料在2～18 GHz内的复介电常数(ε=ε'-jε")和复磁导率(μ=μ'-jμ").用吸收屏理论公式计算了反射率损耗(R.L)、匹配频段(fm)及匹配厚度(dm).结果表明,当dm=0.3 mm时,镀覆镍铁钴层的复合吸波材料最低的反射损耗达-28 dB,对应的fm=13.5 GHz,R>L<-10 dB时频宽达7.5 GHz.本法制备的复合吸波材料符合"轻、薄、宽、强"的现代要求.     

BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的吸波性能研究

以尿素、硼酸为原料, 采用浸涂工艺先在炭纤维表面制备BN涂层, 再以三氯甲基硅烷为前驱体, 采用化学气相沉积工艺在纤维表面沉积SiC涂层, 制得了BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维。对BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的微观结构、抗氧化性能、介电性能及吸波性能进行了研究。结果表明: 炭纤维表面BN涂层的厚度约为0.1 μm, SiC涂层的厚度约为0.7 μm。炭纤维经表面BN/SiC复合涂层改性后, 抗氧化性能明显提高, 开始明显氧化失重温度从560℃提高到790℃, 最终氧化温度从780℃提高到1200℃以上; 且介电性能得到有效改善, 吸波性能显著提高。相比于未改性炭纤维, 厚度为2 mm的BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的最小反射率减小到-13.3 dB, 小于-10 dB的带宽增加至2.5 GHz。     

三层雷达吸波涂层的吸波性能研究

依据阻抗匹配原理制备出一种三层雷达吸波涂层,并研究了其吸波性能.结果表明:多层结构设计对提高涂层的吸波性能起着重要作用.所制备的吸波涂层在8～18GHz频段范围内反射率小于-10dB的带宽达6.0GHz,涂层厚度为1.20mm,面密度为2.80kg/m2.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备NiFe_2O_4铁氧体及其微波吸收性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备NiFe2O4铁氧体,采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、矢量网络分析仪对样品的结构、形貌、电磁参数和微波吸收性能进行测试分析;利用匹配解析图求得样品的最佳匹配厚度和频率,利用传输线理论计算单层NiFe2O4吸波涂层与NiFe2O4-羰基铁双层复合吸波涂层的吸波效果。结果表明,当煅烧温度为1 200℃时,生成颗粒呈立方体结构纯净的NiFe2O4样品;NiFe2O4样品复介电常数和复磁导率的实部较小,虚部较大,具有较好的频率特性,适合制作匹配层;单层NiFe2O4样品的最佳匹配频率为5.92 GHz,最佳匹配厚度为6.48 mm,最小反射率峰值为-21 dB,反射率小于-10 dB的频宽为3.2 GHz;当NiFe2O4及羰基铁层的厚度分别为1.5、0.5 mm时,涂层反射率小于-10 dB的频宽达7 GHz。     

嵌入分形频率选择表面的低频超薄吸波层的设计

研究了频率选择表面对超薄多层微波吸波体在低频(L和S频段)吸波性能的影响. 分别采用硫化工艺和激光刻蚀方法制备出传统的微波吸收材料(MAM)--橡胶板和FSS层, 然后利用它们合成多层微波吸波体(MMA)样品, 在NRL弓形法测试系统中测量该样品的反射率. 发现随着FSS层在传统吸波材料层中的引入, 确实可以增强整个多层吸波体在低频段的吸波性能. 实验结果显示, 当两个FSS层在多层吸波体中适当排列时, 可以在1 GHz得到一个–3.49 dB的反射率峰值, 最大反射峰值可达–9.35 dB, 这时的样品厚度是1.8 mm. 本研究为吸波材料的吸波性能向低频段的拓展提供了一种有效的方法.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.