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我国是世界水泥产业第一大国,水泥生产由于其较大的温室气体排放而越来越受到重视。通过解读《水泥行业二氧化碳减排议定书》,并结合水泥厂应用示例进行计算,从明确组织边界和运营边界、直接排放、间接排放、建立温室气体排放清单等方面,介绍了水泥企业如何开展碳审计的方法及排放因子的选择。 相似文献
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文章研究了污水处理厂碳排放路径,掌握污水处理厂碳排放情况,为未来实现“双碳”目标提供理论数据支撑。以上海一家污水处理厂为例,年度碳排放量采用《城镇水务系统碳核算与减排路径技术指南》推荐方法、《国家温室气体清单指南》(IPCC)提供的部分温室气体排放因子和国内公开的相关排放因子进行核算。分析了各范围年度碳排放量,电能产生的间接碳排放为该污水处理厂年度温室气体排放总量的47%,是污水处理厂主要温室气体产生源头,是该厂碳排放减排重点对象。并结合污水厂实际情况提出减碳可行性路径,但实现污水处理厂的碳中和要充分利用污水中隐藏的能量,需探索污水厂出水中的余温热能在外供方面的应用路径。研究结果将对其他污水处理厂的减碳工作起到一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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《化工标准.计量.质量》2010,(10):5-5
为应对即将到来的“十二五”节能降耗、减少温室气体排放的目标分解工作,中国企业目前正在参与制定并逐步采用国际先进的温室气体测算标准。从2010年1月开始,共有来自17个国家不同行业的62家企业参与这次全球测试。其中,中国有八家企业,包括宝钢、联想、广达电脑、太古饮料等。今年6月,他们都提交了书面的针对这两个标准实际运用的反馈意见和最终的温室气体清单报告。关于测试的反馈公布在了温室气体核算体系的网站上。 相似文献
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《中国轮胎资源综合利用》2018,(4)
正1适用范围本指南规定了废旧轮胎的资源化利用生产企业温室气体排放量的核算和报告相关的术语、核算边界、核算方法、数据质量管理、报告内容和格式等内容。本指南适用于废旧轮胎的资源化利用生产企业温室气体排放量的核算和报告,以回收废旧轮胎并将其作为原料再生产为主营业务的企业可按照本指南提供的方法核算温室气体排放量,并编制企业温室气体排放报告。如废旧轮胎回收再加工产出其他产品,且生产活动存在温室气体排放,则应按照相关行业的企业 相似文献
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许多国家和地区已经制定温室气体减排的政策措施,以应对气候变化以及温室效应带来的环境问题。文章阐述了国内外的温室气体减排政策,根据世界各国现行的温室气体减排政策指出发展和逐步完善我国温室气体减排政策体系的建议。 相似文献
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Increasing the use of bioenergy is one promising option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Hence it is important to know
the greenhouse gas emissions of bioenergy systems in comparison to fossil fuel systems. A life cycle analyses of biomass and
fossil fuel energy systems is made to compare the overall greenhouse gas emission of both systems for heat and electricity
supply. Different bioenergy systems to supply electricity and heat from agriculture are analysed for the Austrian situation
in 2000. Total emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) along the fuel chain, including land use change and by-products, are calculated. The systems taken into consideration are
different conversion technologies and different fuels from agriculture. The methodology was developed within the International
Energy Agency (IEA) Bioenergy Task 25 on `Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems'. In this paper the results of selected
bioenergy systems for heat supply and combined supply of electricity and heat shown as emission of CO2-equivalents per kWh for bioenergy systems in comparison to fossil fuel systems, and as a percentage of CO2-equivalent reduction. The results demonstrate that some of the bioenergy systems reduce greenhouse gas emission already because
of avoided emissions of the reference biomass use and/or because of certain substitution effects of by-products. In general
the greenhouse gas emissions of bioenergy systems are lower compared to the fossil systems. Therefore a significant reduction
of greenhouse gases is possible by replacing fossil energy systems with bioenergy systems. This comparison should help policy
makers, utilities and industry to identify effective agricultural biomass options in order to reach emission reduction targets.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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石油与化工行业是高耗能、高污染、高碳排的“三高”行业,在碳达峰、碳中和的目标下,促进石油与化学工业和生态环境的协调可持续发展成为亟需解决的热点问题。本文从国家层面和企业层面总结典型国家及其石油与化学工业面对“双碳”目标采取的措施行动,对乙烯、成品油等石油与化工产品不同生产路径的能耗及二氧化碳排放情况进行比较分析,概述中国的区域能源分布特点、各省份的石油与化学工业产值及二氧化碳排放情况,明确提出作为碳排放的大户,石油与化工行业有可能在“十四五”期间被纳入全国碳市场。文中指出石油与化工行业必须在借鉴发达国家先进碳减排经验的基础上,立足本国国情,综合考虑本国的能源分布情况和石油与化工产品生产的能耗及二氧化碳排放情况,建构清洁低碳、节能高效的工艺流程体系,促进石油与化学工业的高质量发展。石油与化学工业二氧化碳减排的核心是区域能源结构的调整和工艺流程的优化,并以此为前提建设绿色集成化工园区,辅之以可再生能源如风能、太阳能等的综合利用,研发碳捕集、利用与封存技术进行碳固定。还提出值得注意的是,由于其他温室气体如甲烷等的减排已经提上日程,我国也应加快相关技术储备。 相似文献
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近年来,二氧化碳等温室气体的过量排放已成为全球气候变化的主要原因,为达到“碳达峰、碳中和”的目标,中国积极参与国际社会碳减排行动,主动顺应全球绿色低碳发展潮流。由于中国正处于新旧能源结构交替的过渡期,二氧化碳重要来源是以化石燃料燃烧为主的火电厂排放的烟气,因此减少烟气排放并进行二氧化碳捕集仍是碳减排的关键。碳捕集与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)技术中的氨法碳捕集技术具有众多优点,成为目前研究热点之一。通过类比氨法脱碳过程中添加剂对氨逃逸与二氧化碳脱除效果的影响,重点分析了无机添加剂对富液解吸的影响,对国内外的研究进展进行了综述,对该技术未来发展方向进行了展望,包括再生机理、再生能耗、氨逸出、添加剂与吸收剂的循环利用与过渡金属氧化物的尝试等。 相似文献
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The concept of carbon credit arose out of increasing awareness of the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to combat global warming which was formalized in the Kyoto Protocol. In addition to contribution to sustainable development with energy recovery in the form of methane, carbon credits can be claimed by application of advanced anaerobic processes in wastewater treatment for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. As anaerobic granular systems are capable of handling high organic loadings concomitant with high strength wastewater and short hydraulic retention time, they could render much more carbon credits than other conventional anaerobic systems. Granular anaerobic processes have become an attractive choice of treatment technology especially for high strength wastewaters, considering the fact that in addition to efficient waste degradation, the carbon credits can be used to generate revenue and to finance the project. This paper presents a scenario on emission reduction based on a methane recovery and utilisation project. An example analysis on emission reduction and the future trend is also outlined. 相似文献
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Jacomijn Pluimers Carolien Kroeze Evert Jan Bakker Hugo Challa Leen Hordijk 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2001,60(1-3):209-218
In this paper, present-day emissions of greenhouse gases and acidifying compounds from agriculture are analysed at the farm
level. Quantitative estimates are given for these emissions from three nested systems in the Netherlands: the agricultural
sector, greenhouse horticulture, and tomato cultivation under glass. Total emissions are subdivided into emissions from biogenic
sources and abiogenic sources. We conclude that, although most of the emissions from the agricultural sector have biogenic
sources, those from abiogenic sources should not be neglected. Abiogenic emissions are mainly from greenhouse horticulture.
The cost-effectiveness of options to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from on-farm combustion of natural gas in tomato cultivation under glass is analysed. An inventory is given of
technical reduction options that are presently available in practice. Based on information about the costs and the reduction
potential of each option, cost-efficiency curves are derived for both types of emissions. Relative to a situation where none
of the described options were applied (early nineties), CO2 and NOx emissions from tomato cultivation can be reduced at most by about 70% and 75%, respectively, by combinations of technical
options.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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基于对CO2具有“既是亟待减排的温室气体,又是人类生存必不可少的可再生资源”双重性的认知,本文首次提出了碳中和约束下的“污染温室因子禁排、CO2净零排放、调控CH4产生和排放”的温室因子绿色减排体系。文中从两个方面提出绿色减排体系的构建:在国家层面,通过制定相关减排政策体系、进行国家超级工程和行动,为我国实现“30·60双碳目标”提供依据、标准和规范,形成实施绿色碳减排的基石和支撑体系;在微观技术层面,通过全过程控碳排放的CO2绿色减排技术,包括源头上避免高碳排放、过程中控制碳排放、末端强化碳循环与捕集利用(3CU)等。最后指出,依靠能源绿色低碳转型,以节能降耗和生物固碳为抓手,疏堵结合,满足自然界的碳循环平衡需求,高效低成本实现经济社会高质量低碳化发展、生态文明建设与应对气候变化的三赢,将会促进我国2030年前达到峰值和2060年前实现碳中和。 相似文献
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在对2013-2030年国内生产总值和能源消费量进行预测的基础上,通过设置基准情景、强优化情景、弱优化情景等三种不同的能源结构情景,对我国未来的二氧化碳排放量进行预测,进而分析能源结构的优化对碳排放的影响,并提出了减少碳排放的政策建议。结果显示,随着我国经济的快速发展,能源消费量不断增长,虽然能耗强度下降,但碳排放量与排放强度仍较高,仅在强优化情景下的能源结构,才可达到2020年中国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%~45%的目标,中国控制温室气体排放面临巨大压力。 相似文献
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Greenhouse gases from animal husbandry: mitigation options 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2001,60(1-3):287-300
Abatement strategies for direct emissions of greenhouse gases from animal husbandry are discussed. The reduction options are
divided into preventive and `end of pipe' options. Preventive measures reduce either the carbon and nitrogen input into the
system of animal husbandry or their output from the system, respectively. `End of pipe' measures reduce the formation of greenhouse
gases from carbon and nitrogen within the system of animal husbandry. While animals with a high productivity fed with an optimized
diet seem to be the best preventive measure, anaerobic digestion of the animal's excreta may be the most efficient way to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions within animal husbandry.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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随着人类工业化进程的不断加快,二氧化碳排放量与日俱增,温室效应对地球的危害越来越大,中国作为世界第二大能源消费国,中国政府提出“节能减排”的科学发展现,政策导向日趋明显,二氧化碳盐水深埋技术也是节能减排的主要技术之一,钻井技术是寻找二氧化碳储层和盖层的主要手段,钻井取心工艺能使所需地层深处的岩石提供给科技人员研究,为二氧化碳深埋寻找最合适的地层。 相似文献