一种基于HSTCP改进的公平性算法

在高速网络中现有的标准TCP不能充分的利用网络带宽,HSTCP(HighSpeed TCP)作为解决这一问题的可行方法被提出.试验表明HSTCP比标准TCP能够更充分的利用带宽,但存在着严重的RTT不公平性.首先通过仿真试验和数学分析对HSTCP的RTT不公平性进行研究,然后在原有算法的基础上添加一个公平性因子来降低由于RTT不同造成的窗口增长差异.试验表明改进算法有效保证了HSTCP流的带宽公平性、降低了丢包率.     

EHSTCP:改进的高速TCP算法

TCP在高带宽时延积网络中不能获得良好的性能,主要表现为低的吞吐量和大的窗口震荡.HSTCP算法解决了传统TCP算法在高带宽时延积网络下的性能瓶颈,但HSTCP在拥塞点时会产生大量的数据包丢失,同时当队列管理为去尾算法时,存在着严重的RTT不公平性问题.针对HSTCP算法的性能缺陷,该文提出一种在拥塞避免阶段进行拥塞避免模式切换的改进算法,称为EHSTCP.基于拥塞窗口历史值的端到端可用带宽预测方法,利用拥塞窗口历史信息来判断拥塞避免切换点.同时引入RTT公平因子,消除了HSTCP的RTT不公平性问题.NS2仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

高速网络主动队列管理算法

在高速网络中,HRED算法使高速TCP流、普通TCP流和UDP流实现公平共享带宽。HRED利用RED队列的包丢失历史来识别高带宽流,通过对高带宽流进行惩罚,使低带宽流获取更多的带宽。HRED具有良好的扩展性,不需要保持每一流的状态信息。基于NS2的模拟实验证实,HRED可以在高速网络中实现更好的RTT公平性,有效地解决了适应流和非适应流共享带宽的问题。     

拥塞控制端算法的实验研究

利用网络模拟软件NS-2对最近提出的端算法HSTCP、STCP、BIC-TCP、H-TCP和Fast-TCP进行了实验研究,从收敛性、稳定性、协议内公平性、RTT公平性、TCP友好性和带宽利用率等方面来比较它们的性能.     

基于改进慢启动算法的大文件快速传输

针对传统TCP在当前网络环境下传输大文件性能较低的问题,对TCP传输协议中的慢启动算法部分进行了相应的研究与优化。根据标准慢启动算法存在的问题并结合高速网络以及大文件传输的性能特点,提出了一个具有网络状态感知能力的慢启动改进算法。改进算法主要优化了TCP拥塞窗口的增长策略,它实时地监测文件在传输过程中TCP报文段的往返时间（RTT）,并根据RTT的变化情况采用不同的窗口增长方式更新拥塞窗口;将改进算法部署在Linux网络模块中并分别在模拟网络环境和实际网络中进行测试。实验结果显示,改进算法能使发送窗口一直保持在一个较高的水平,实际数据传输速率和吞吐量均有了明显的提高。     

一种卫星网络中RTT公平性增强算法

为解决卫星网络中由于链路长时延、网络拓扑动态变化等造成的TCP连接RTT不公平性问题,给出了一个卫星网络中RTT不公平性增强方案TCP Riff。TCP Riff中引入了参考连接RTT的概念,通过一个基准RTT,使得异构RTT的TCP连接窗口的增长,继而传输速率的增长独立于连接的RTT,从而获得了很好的RTT公平性。NS仿真实验表明TCP Riff明显地减少对长RTT连接的性能差异,并且,在出现拥塞和链路差错情况下,相对于TCP标准版本具有明显的吞吐量优势,以及良好的公平性和友好性。值得提出的是TCP Riff没有破坏TCP协议端到端的语义,并且与其他TCP增强方案是兼容的。     

TCP连接往返时延的被动测量算法实验验证

引用了一种应用于宽带网络环境的被动式环回时间（RTT）测量算法,用于对传输控制协议（TCP）的报文环回时间进行估计。该算法通过估计同一轮次报文的发送间隔来挑选相邻2个发送轮次之间的间隙,进而估算出TCP的报文环回时间,该方法的测量对象和测量结果更加具有网络管理意义,能够在不同的TCP行为模式中获得更多的测量采样并显著提高测量成功率。文中通过设计实验,设计程序分析所得的测量值与实际所得的RTT比较,验证该算法的有效性。     

高速网络中TCP拥塞控制研究综述

通过分析现行TCP算法在高速网络中的局限性,介绍几种最新的高速网络拥塞控制算法:BIC TCP、FASTTCP、STCP、HTCP和HSTCP.从带宽利用率、公平性和友好性方面对上述算法进行分析和比较,指出算法存在的不足,提出研究方向.     

区分服务网络中双窗口TCP协议的性能分析与研究

提出一种分析模型，用于计算区分服务网络中双窗口TCP的性能，并清楚揭示了TCP流预订带宽、数据分组的丢失率以及TCP连接的往返时延(RTT)对确保服务性能的影响．仿真实验验证了该数学模型的有效性．同时仿真结果也表明。双窗口TCP机制能在较大程度上解决带宽保证和剩余带宽的公平分配问题，并且性能不受网络环境变化的影响．     

无线异构网络环境中基于拥塞状态区分的TCP Vegas 改进算法

在无线网络环境中,TCP Vegas应用时会受到无线信道干扰和噪声的影响,对往返延时（RTT）难以进行准确的估计,导致其性能大幅度降低。结合TCP New Vegas和TCP Vegas A+等的优点提出一种改进算法TCP Vegas-P。该算法针对慢启动过早结束和拥塞避免阶段拥塞出现在反向链路上导致吞吐量下降的问题,以及在与NewReno共存时公平性恶化的问题进行了综合的改进。经仿真实验,改进的算法在无线网络中能够进行比较好的RTT估计,对解决上述Vegas存在的问题达到了良好的效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.