Influence de la variation de la viscosite avec la temperature sur le frottement avec transfert de chaleur en regime turbulent etabli

Experimental research about measurement of local friction pressure drop in fully developed turbulent flow of water in a smooth and uniformly heated circular tube has been investigated.The effect of variable viscosity with temperature in the laminar boundary layer is isolated by varying the heat flux at constant values of the local bulk Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. This severe method shows that the usual dependence of friction ratio $\text{f}{}_{\mathrm{H}}\text{f}{}_{\mathrm{iso}}$ on viscosity ratio $\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{b}}$ is more complex than the simple power law appearing in the familiar empirical results. It has been found that the exponent is a complicated function of Reynolds number and the viscosity ratio and is independent of the Prandtl number in our experimental range.We propose a new relationship for the friction coefficient ratio in which the viscosity ratio is changed by the more accurate parameter: $\text{x}\text{\$}\text{?}\text{= (-μ}{}_{\mathrm{b}}\text{-1/μ}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{)(μ}{}_{\mathrm{b}}\text{/μ}{}_{\mathrm{b}}\text{/μ}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{)}{}^{0.17}$ which is directly proportional to the heat flux when the Reynolds and the Prandtl numbers are fixed. The dispersion is caracterised by a standard deviation σ = ±0·7%, 98% of the points are within 2σ = ±1·4%. The agreement between prediction and the previously existing results can be considered satisfactory for Reynolds number from 2 × 10⁴ to 30 × 104 and Prandtl number from 2 to 6.     

Etude experimentale du transfert simultane de chaleur et de masse au cours du sechage par contact sous vide d'un bois resineux

An experimental study of the conjugate heat and mass transfer during the vacuum contact drying of softwood is described.The experimental results show that the drying rate is increased by means of a convective movement induced by a total pressure gradient in the gaseous phase at high free moisture content.An analysis of temperature and moisture distributions distinguishes three stages during drying (excluding the thermal transient regime): 1st stage: the wood temperature does not change in time but the drying rate decreases continuously. 2nd stage: the wood temperature increases quickly. 3rd stage: the moisture equilibrium is reached asymptotically.The previous results suggest a moisture migration mechanism for softwood drying.