浅谈常见的VOC废气治理技术

挥发性有机化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOC）是一类对环境和人体健康有害的有机化合物。针对VOC废气治理,本文综述了常见的VOC废气治理技术,包括吸附、燃烧、催化氧化和生物处理等,分析了这些技术的优缺点及适用范围,并展望了VOC废气治理技术未来的发展趋势。     

石油化工企业废气污染治理与控制技术措施研究

石油化工行业是我国国民经济的支柱产业之一,在其生产过程中会产生大量含有挥发性有机化合物的废气,影响大气环境质量。文章通过对某石油化工企业废气污染治理与控制技术措施进行研究,探讨解决类似企业废气处理的技术方案,减少其对提高环境空气的污染。     

广东将出台印刷业挥发性有机化合物排放标准

<正>近日,《广东省包装印刷行业挥发性有机化合物排放标准》目前正广泛征求行业企业意见,并将自2010年11月1日起强制实施。该标准由广东省环境保护厅提出并负责解释,由广东省环境科学研究院、华南理工大学、广东省印刷复制业协会等单位共同起草。该标准的出台是为了加强广东省挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的管理,改善区域大气环境质量,促进包装印刷行业工艺和污染治理技术的进步。该标     

负离子人造板的甲醛和总挥发性有机化合物释放量研究

采用国家标准规定的方法检测负离子饰面板的甲醛和总挥发性有机化合物释放量发现,采用负离子催化技术使饰面人造板释放负离子,可以有效降低饰面人造板的甲醛和总挥发性有机化合物的释放量,同时发现随着饰面板负离子浓度的增加,其甲醛和总挥发性有机化合物释放量降低。     

顶空-气质联用法测定书刊印刷品中挥发性有机化合物

书刊印刷品中残留的挥发性有机化合物主要来源于各种油墨、施胶材料、清洗剂、润版液和稀释剂等.挥发性有机化合物种类很多,可以通过呼吸道、消化道和皮肤进入人体,严重影响身体健康,对人体具有致畸形、致癌变、致基因突变的危害.2013年3月,HJ 2503-2011《环境标志产品技术要求印刷第一部分:平版印刷》标准发布,标准提出...     

关于涂布废气挥发性有机物治理提标改造工程实例的应用分析

VOCs是一种挥发性有机化合物,可在大气中形成光化学烟雾,对环境和人体造成极大危害。VOCs的来源复杂且种类繁多,性状不一、易于挥发等特征决定了其有别于烟尘、SO)2和NOx等污染物。VOCs排放行业多、排放源分散、治理技术复杂,目前国内VOCs治理企业整体处于小而散的状态。本文为关于涂布废气挥发性有机物治理提标改造工程实例的应用分析,该企业涂布生产线废气组分相对固定,废气VOCs浓度较高,废气风量和浓度波动较大,采用溶剂回收治理工艺治理效率偏低,已经无法满足日趋严格的环保要求,因此必须采用高效治理措施,进一步减少VOCs的排放,提高治理效率和环境效益。     

活性炭脱附再生应用-高温氮气脱附及冷凝回收装置

随着国家提出建设生态文明社会,人们越来越重视环境保护。我国作为工业大国,工业生产会排放大量挥发性有机化合物(以下简称VOCs),对其有效防治是改善环境的重要工作内容。我国工业企业多采用活性炭作为吸附剂对VOCs进行吸附治理,所以文章针对活性炭的再生技术与活性炭再生技术中的高温氮气脱附技术应用进行研究与讨论。     

室内挥发性有机化合物研究概述

阐述了挥发性有机化合物的定义、成分及世界范围内有关标准对其的要求,概述了控制及检测挥发性有机化合物的发展趋势。     

袋子法检测儿童箱包中挥发性有机化合物的探讨

采用袋子法对儿童箱包进行整体采样,以Tenax-TA管富集挥发性有机化合物,用热脱附-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯等挥发性有机化合物。该方法具有无损、操作简便、环保的特点,适用于儿童箱包中挥发性有机化合物的检测。     

挥发性苯类废气净化处理研究进展

有机废气中大多含有低浓度的苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、多环芳烃等挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),治理VOCs污染是大气污染治理的重要组成部分。叙述了吸收法、燃烧法、膜分离法和脉冲电晕等苯类废气净化技术的原理和国内外研究进展情况,并对其发展前景和研究方向进行了探讨,认为有机废气的联合协同处理方法是今后的一个重要研究方向。     

A model to predict the adsorber thermal behavior during treatment of volatile organic compounds onto wet activated carbon

A model for adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto a wet activated carbon bed was proposed in this study. This model accounts for temperature changes induced by the reversed and coupled mass-transfer processes of both organic species adsorption and water desorption. Indeed, it was experimentally pointed out that temperature rises, which result from the exothermal nature of the energetic interactions between the organic molecule and the activated carbon surface, are notably reduced when the adsorbent contains an initial moisture of approximately 10% in weight. Moreover, it was shown that water rate desorption was enhanced in the presence of organic vapor. This phenomenon may be explained by the displacement of sorbed water bythe organic molecules, owing to more intensive interactions with the activated carbon surface. The model proposed was elaborated from a previous comprehensive analysis of the diffusion mechanisms governing VOC adsorption at high concentrations onto a dry activated carbon bed. In a similar way, a theoretical approach was developed to model water desorption during drying of a wet activated carbon bed under pure flowing air. At last, a theoretical depiction of both competitive and reverse processes was outlined. The final model fits reasonably with experimental data relative to both breakthrough curves and thermal wave shape along the bed, even if local temperature change calculation may require some further improvement.     

Treatment with activated carbon and other adsorbents as an effective method for the removal of volatile compounds in agricultural distillates

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the effect of treatment with activated carbon and other adsorbents on the chemical composition and organoleptics of a barley malt-based agricultural distillate. Contact with activated carbon is one of the methods by which the quality of raw distillates and spirit beverages can be improved. Samples placed in contact with 1 g activated carbon (SpiritFerm) per 100 ml distillate with ethanol content of 50% v/v for 1 h showed the largest reductions in the concentrations of most volatile compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, esters). Increasing the dose of adsorbent to over 1 g 100 ml^?1 did not improve the purity of the agricultural distillate significantly. Of the tested compounds, acetaldehyde and methanol showed the lowest adsorption on activated carbon. The lowest concentrations of these congeners (expressed in mg l^?1 alcohol 100% v/v) were measured in solutions with ethanol contents of 70–80% v/v, while solutions with an alcoholic strength by volume of 40% did not show statistically significant decreases in these compounds in relation the control sample. The reductions in volatile compounds were compared with those for other adsorbents based on silica or activated carbon and silica. An interesting alternative to activated carbon was found to be an adsorbent prepared from activated carbon and silica (Spiricol). Treatment with this adsorbent produced distillate with the lowest concentrations of acetaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde, and led to the greatest improvement in its organoleptics.     

不同二氧化碳浓度气调包装对生鲜鸡翅贮藏过程中挥发性有机物的影响

为探究不同二氧化碳和氮气比例对生鲜鸡翅贮藏过程挥发性有机物的影响,本研究设置对照组和气调包装组（20%CO₂+80%N₂、30%CO₂+70%N₂、40%CO₂+60%N₂、100%N₂）,运用GC-IMS研究其在低温贮藏过程中挥发性有机物的变化,同时监测其感官品质、菌落总数、pH及色泽的变化规律。结果表明:对照组的菌落总数在第6 d超出国家限量标准,同时出现明显的不良气味,而20%～40%CO₂气调包装组中尚未产生腐败气味。随着包装内二氧化碳浓度的增加,气调包装对微生物的抑制作用增强。GC-IMS分析发现,对照组腐败样品中己醛、吲哚含量高于未腐败样品。贮藏6 d,对照组中己醛、2-甲基丙酸、吲哚、2-癸酮、丁酸等挥发性有机物的相对含量显著高于其他处理组（P<0.05）,且这些物质的相对浓度随着包装内二氧化碳浓度的增加而减少,因此,较高浓度的CO₂可有效抑制鸡翅腐败气味的产生,己醛、2-甲基丙酸、吲哚等有机物可能是生鲜鸡翅中腐败气味形成的主要原因。本研究可为生鲜鸡翅的保鲜技术发展和应用提供理论参考。     

活性炭纤维在有机废气治理中的应用研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,有关部门对于有机废气的处理也有了新的认识和新的治理目标.活性炭纤维由于具有吸附能力强、吸附量大、吸附脱附快的特性,被很好地应用在有机废气处理中.本文介绍了活性炭纤维的分类、制备工艺及结构性能,并分析了活性炭纤维在有机废气处理中的运用现状.     

Removal of PCDD/Fs from flue gas by a fixed-bed activated carbon filter in a hazardous waste incinerator

The adsorption of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) by activated carbon (AC) was examined in a fixed-bed AC unit in a hazardous waste incinerator (IZAYDAS) in Turkey. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs decrease as the chlorination level increases, which was explained by the difference in gas/particle partitioning of the compounds. Since dioxins are tightly adsorbed by activated carbon, other flue gas constituents showed no clear effect on the dioxin removal. Adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption of volatile congeners and homologues fits well with Henry's law, possibly due to the higher gaseous fractions, while the correlation was lower for lowly volatile ones. PCDD/F congeners and homologues had a concentration value up to which no adsorption occurred, which could be attributed to the insufficient contact times at the low concentrations.     

白酒中痕量挥发性有机物的固相微萃取HS-SPME-GC-MC分析

建立了顶空固相微萃取与毛细管气相色谱法（HS-SPME-GC—MC）测定白酒中痕量挥发性有机物的方法，采用粉状活性炭涂渍一定量的OV-101萃取头，对影响该SPME的参数条件进行了优化，用该方法从白酒中分离和鉴定出23个组分，并对其中14个组分进行了定量测定。结果表明：该方法简单快速、且无需使用大量溶剂提取，适合于白酒中的挥发性成分分析。     

Enhancement of the performance of activated carbons as municipal odor removal media by addition of a sewage-sludge-derived phase

Two commercial low-cost activated carbons and wood-based char were mixed with dewatered sludge and pyrolized at 950 degrees C. The sludge content on a dry basis was 23%. The obtained composite adsorbents were characterized from the point of view of surface chemistry (pH) and texture (adsorption of nitrogen at its boiling point: surface area, pore volume, pore size distributions). Then hydrogen sulfide breakthrough capacities were measured using the home-designed dynamic test. The results revealed a significant increase in the capacity of the composite adsorbents compared to the unmodified carbons. Moreover, that increase was a few times greater than the hypothetical one predicted when desulfurization performance would be the sum of the contributions of both the sludge-derived and carbon phases. This is attributed to a synergetic effect related to the dispersion of the catalysts and the presence of small pores. Mixing activated carbon provides the active centers for oxidation (coming from sludge) and the developed pore system (from the activated carbon) where products of oxidation can be stored. Moreover, in the hydrophobic pore space the volatile organic compounds present in effluent air from a municipal waste treatment plant can be adsorbed. The selectivity for H2S oxidation, as in the case of pure activated carbon, depends on the pore sizes. Smaller pores lead to a higher yield of sulfuric acid; larger pores lead to a higher yield of sulfur.     

活性炭吸附脱除废水中2,4-二氯苯酚的研究

2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)毒性大、难降解,是化工、农药、染料、防腐剂等行业废水中常见的有机污染物。本文以活性炭为吸附剂处理含2,4-DCP的废水,考察了pH、活性炭添加量、吸附时间、2,4-DCP浓度以及活性炭使用次数对废水处理能力的影响。实验结果表明,pH、活性炭添加量、吸附时间、2,4-DCP浓度对2,4-DCP的去除率影响显著;在293K温度下,浓度为100mg/L的2,4-DCP废水,在pH为5、活性炭添加量为50mg、吸附处理100min后,2,4-DCP的去除率可达99.5%。实验表明,含2,4-DCP的废水处理后符合国家综合污水一级排放标准,为污水处理设计、工程建设等提供了有价值的实验数据。     

Probing the adsorption characteristic of metal-organic framework MIL-101 for volatile organic compounds by quartz crystal microbalance

As volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, development of materials for efficient adsorption and removal of VOCs is of great significance in both environmental and analytical sciences. Here we report metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-101 for the effective adsorption of VOCs at atmospheric pressure. A simple device was designed for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and six VOCs with various functional groups and polarities, i.e., n-hexane, toluene, methanol, butanone, dichloromethane, and n-butylamine, were chosen as targets to probe the adsorption properties of MIL-101. The developed device allows measurement of the adsorption isotherms and monitoring of the dynamic process for the adsorption of VOCs on MOFs, and also provides a useful tool for characterization of MOFs. The adsorption isotherms of the VOCs on MIL-101 followed the Dubinin-Astakhov equation with the characteristic energy from 5.70 (methanol) to 9.13 kJ mol(-1) (n-butylamine), Astakhov exponent from 0.50 (n-butylamine) to 3.03 (n-hexane), and the limiting adsorption capacity from 0.08 (n-hexane) to 12.8 (n-butylamine) mmol g(-1). MIL-101 exhibited the strongest affinity to n-butylamine, but the weakest affinity to n-hexane. The determined Astakhov exponents and the isosteric heats of adsorption revealed the energetic heterogeneity of MIL-101. MIL-101 showed the most energetically homogeneous for n-hexane, but the most energetically heterogeneous for n-butylamine. The dynamic process of adsorption monitored by the QCM system demonstrated the distribution of the sorption sites within MIL-101. The metal sites within the MIL-101 were vital in adsorption process. MIL-101 gave much higher affinity and bigger adsorption capacity to VOCs than activated carbon, offering great potential for real applications in the adsorption and removal of VOCs.