亚麻木酚素提取与纯化的研究进展

研究表明亚麻木酚素具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗骨质疏松、抗心脑血管疾病等作用,而从亚麻籽中高效的提取分离亚麻木酚素已经成为当今的研究热点.综述国内外对亚麻木酚素的检测方法、提取工艺、分离纯化工艺和开发应用等方面的研究进展,并讨论各种方法的优缺点.     

亚麻木酚素解聚增效及油相迁移特性研究进展

木酚素是亚麻籽中极具代表性的活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗血管疾病等多种生理功能。在亚麻籽内,游离态木酚素较少,多数与其他分子结合以多聚体形式存在;大多数木酚素存在于种皮中,在压榨制油时难以释放。多聚体的存在和亚麻壳的束缚作用,都限制了亚麻籽木酚素的有效利用。本文结合近几年的研究报道,重点从萌发、物理场处理、酶以及酸碱水解的角度,对亚麻木酚素大分子的解聚增效特性、油相迁移特性及相关应用研究进行阐述,以期为亚麻籽中木酚素的靶向调控、高值化利用提供理论依据。     

亚麻籽水解物化学成分研究及SDG含量测定

亚麻是亚麻科亚麻属植物。亚麻籽水解物化学成分含有亚麻木酚素(SDG),该成分具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、治疗糖尿病等作用。主要研究亚麻籽水解物,通过硅胶柱层析、C18反相层析分离出多种化合物。借助NMR技术鉴定得到5种,即3,4-二羟基苯基-丙烯酸甲酯(Ⅰ)、十九烷酸(Ⅱ)、松脂醇葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、开环异落叶松脂素二葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)(亚麻木酚素,SDG)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅴ)。利用高效液相色谱分析亚麻木酚素的含量,结果显示其在亚麻籽水解物中的含量为22.5%。     

亚麻木酚素提取技术及其检测方法的研究进展

木酚素是一类重要的雌激素,亚麻籽富含木酚素,研究表明亚麻木酚素具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化等生理活性,因而从亚麻籽中提取木酚素并且快速检测逐渐成为了研究的热点。对亚麻木酚素的主要提取技术如有机溶剂萃取法、超临界二氧化碳提取法等进行了评述,并且综述了国内外亚麻木酚素的主要检测方法如高效液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法等的研究进展,并讨论各种方法的优缺点。     

亚麻木酚素对AAPH诱导的红细胞和肝组织氧化应激的保护作用

探讨了亚麻木酚素的抗氧化活性及机制,测定了亚麻木酚素对DPPH自由基的清除能力,建立AAPH氧化损伤大鼠红细胞和肝组织模型,研究了亚麻木酚素对氧化损伤红细胞溶血率和血红蛋白氧化率的影响,以及其对红细胞和肝组织氧化损伤模型丙二醛(MDA)和抗氧化酶的影响。结果显示:亚麻木酚素对DPPH自由基具有清除作用;亚麻木酚素对红细胞溶血和血红蛋白氧化的保护作用呈现浓度依赖性,与AAPH作用4 h的模型组相比,50μmol/L和100μmol/L亚麻木酚素的保护作用显著提高;在AAPH诱导的红细胞氧化应激模型中,100μmol/L和150μmol/L亚麻木酚素显著降低了AAPH损伤4 h时MDA含量,并显著提高了GSH-Px的酶活,150μmol/L亚麻木酚素显著增加了AAPH损伤2 h和4 h时的SOD和CAT的酶活;在AAPH诱导的肝组织模型中,150μmol/L亚麻木酚素能有效降低不同AAPH损伤时间(1～4 h)所增加的MDA含量,增加AAPH损伤4 h时降低的SOD和CAT酶活。说明亚麻木酚素具有抗氧化活性,能够抑制脂质过氧化,保护红细胞和肝组织内抗氧化酶系的活性。     

亚麻籽油组分的功能活性研究进展

亚麻籽油是一种天然的保健植物功能性油脂,含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸,含量最大的分别是α-亚麻酸和亚油酸,这两种多不饱和脂肪酸在机体代谢、生长发育中发挥着不可或缺的作用,此外亚麻籽油中还含有多种生物活性物质,如;其他不饱和脂肪酸：二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和前列腺素（PG）等;亚麻籽环肽、维生素E、亚麻木酚素和油酸、黄酮类等,也在机体中起着积极作用。本文主要论述了亚麻籽油对于人体具有的多种功能,如：α-亚麻酸和维生素E自身对机体的抗氧化效果、α-亚麻酸在体液和基因水平上的降血脂作用、协调胰岛素的降血糖作用;还有亚麻木酚素和亚麻籽环肽在免疫协调中的抗炎抗癌作用;多不饱和脂肪酸在防治心血管疾病、抗衰老和抗氧化、调节肠道菌群、增强视力和抗菌等方面发挥作用等。     

亚麻籽调节糖脂代谢作用的研究进展

亚麻是一种被广泛应用的经济作物,是α-亚麻酸与木酚素的最主要来源。很多研究报道表明,亚麻籽具有降血脂、降血糖、改善胰岛素抵抗等多种功效,故其备受研究者关注。本文综述了亚麻籽调节糖脂代谢的生物学效应并分析了其可能存在的分子机制,为亚麻籽防治糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗和高血脂等慢性疾病提供可靠的参考依据。     

响应面法优化超声波辅助亚麻木酚素提取工艺及抗氧化性研究

以亚麻籽为原料,对超声波辅助提取亚麻木酚素进行了研究。通过单因素试验,分别考察原料颗粒度、超声功率、液固比、超声温度和超声时间对亚麻木酚素得率的影响。并在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计和响应面法对超声波提取亚麻木酚素工艺进行优化,建立了二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。研究结果表明,超声波辅助提取亚麻木酚素的最佳工艺条件为:原料颗粒度60目,提取溶剂60%乙醇,超声功率400 W,液固比17:1,超声温度40℃,超声时间15 min,亚麻木酚素得率为7.18 mg/g。抗氧化活性研究表明,亚麻木酚素对DPPH、过氧化氢和超氧阴离子均有良好的清除能力,IC_(50)值分别为145 mg/L、75 mg/L和0.25 mg/L。     

植物甾醇的抗炎性研究进展

植物甾醇作为一种食物来源中的功能性成分,对人体产生有益的影响。近年来,植物甾醇由于其安全性和有效的抗炎活性而受到广泛关注。为系统介绍植物甾醇的抗炎作用,综述了植物甾醇对多种炎症抑制作用的分子机制,包括对细胞因子和其他炎症相关因子、NF-KB信号通路及免疫系统的影响,介绍了植物甾醇对结肠炎、前列腺炎、肝炎及其他炎症的作用。植物甾醇是一种有效抗炎的活性物质,未来仍需系统研究其抗炎分子机制及进行临床研究。     

亚麻胶、亚麻木酚素的提取及分离纯化技术研究进展

本文对国内外亚麻籽中亚麻胶、亚麻木酚素提取和分离纯化技术进行综述,为进一步完善其提取和分离提纯工艺,以实现亚麻胶、亚麻木酚素、亚麻籽油及蛋白的高效提取与综合利用.     

PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF EXTRUDED FLAXSEED-CORN PUFF

The effects of flaxseed meal (0, 5, 10 and 15%) in flaxseed meal/corn meal blend and processing variables, including moisture content (16, 18 and 20%), and screw speed (200, 300 and 400 rpm), on extrudate chemical property (lignan residue) and physical properties (specific volume, hardness and color) were studied. The lignan compounds in the flaxseed and corn meals were 2.27 and 0 mg/g, respectively, before extrusion. A higher flaxseed meal level and a higher screw speed favored the retention of lignan compounds, but higher feed moisture showed the opposite effect. About 25–52% lignan compounds were lost after extrusion. Increasing flaxseed meal level, increasing feed moisture or decreasing screw speed significantly reduced the expansion and resulted in harder extrudate that was darker, more reddish and less yellow.     

Flaxseed Lignans: Source,Biosynthesis, Metabolism,Antioxidant Activity,Bio‐Active Components,and Health Benefits

ABSTRACT: Lignans are compounds found in a variety of plant materials including flaxseed, pumpkin seed, sesame seed, soybean, broccoli, and some berries. The major lignan in flaxseed is called secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Once ingested, SDG is converted in the colon into active mammalian lignans, enterodiol, and entero‐lactone, which have shown promise in reducing growth of cancerous tumors, especially hormone‐sensitive ones such as those of the breast, endometrium, and prostate. Known for their hydrogen‐donating antioxidant activity as well as their ability to complex divalent transition metal cations, lignans are propitious to human health. The extraction methods vary from simple to complex depending on extraction, separation, fractionation, identification, and detection of the analytes. Flax lignan is also a source of useful biologically active components found in plant foods, such as phytochemicals, and it is considered a functional food. The safety issues in flaxseed are also briefly discussed.     

亚麻木脂素抗氧化性能的研究及应用现状

木脂素是由苯丙素单体（C6-C3）氧化聚合而成的化合物。亚麻木脂素具有降低血清胆固醇水平、延缓2型糖尿病进程、预防乳腺癌、前列腺癌及结肠癌等功能,在生物体内和生物体外均有很好的抗氧化特性。综述了亚麻木脂素的种类及结构,亚麻木脂素在生物体内和生物体外的抗氧化活性,亚麻木脂素抗氧化性能的应用现状3个方面的研究内容,为进一步丰富亚麻木脂素抗氧化机理的探究及高效开发利用亚麻木脂素抗氧化性能提供参考。     

The effective parameters for subcritical water extraction of SDG lignan from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) using accelerated solvent extractor

The aim of this study was to investigate the effective parameters for subcritical water extraction of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) lignan from flaxseed using accelerated solvent extractor. For this aim, the influence of extraction parameters such as material shape (flaxseed, ground flaxseed meal and flaxseed meal sticks), temperature (120, 140, 160 and 180 °C), extraction time (15, 30, 60 and 90 min), pressure (1.500 and 2.000 psi), fresh water (5, 40 and 100 %) and sample amount (5 and 10 g) was studied. SDG lignan analysis has been carried out by LC–MS/MS. It was shown that material shape, temperature, extraction time and sample amount had significant effect on SDG lignan content in water extracts (p < 0.05). The highest amount (12.94 mg/g) and extraction yield (72.57 %) were obtained at 180 °C for 15 min, 1.500 psi and 40 % fresh water using 5 g of flaxseed meal sticks.     

亚麻籽的保健功能和开发利用

综述了亚麻籽的保健功能及开发利用方面的研究进展。亚麻籽含有α-亚麻酸、木酚素等多种具有生物活性的物质,使得亚麻籽具有抗癌、降血脂、降血糖、治疗心血管疾病等多种功效。亚麻也是我国总产较高的经济作物之一,因其优良的营养和医用、饲用价值,已经被应用于食品、医药、饲料等较多领域,有着良好的开发前景。     

亚麻籽有效成分的提取及其综合利用研究进展

亚麻是一年或多年生草本植物,在我国北方干旱半干旱地区大面积种植。亚麻籽是亚麻的种子,目前国内外对亚麻籽的开发主要侧重于对亚麻籽油的提取,而亚麻籽其他功能活性物质未得到有效开发利用。综述了亚麻籽油、亚麻籽胶、亚麻籽蛋白、亚麻籽木脂素4种天然有效成分的含量、组成、生理功能、提取技术以及在相关领域的应用等研究进展,旨在为亚麻籽有效成分的提取和综合开发利用提供技术参考。     

脱毒亚麻饼粉对馒头品质的影响

研究了脱毒亚麻饼粉的不同添加比例对馒头比容、色泽、质构、感官和营养等品质的影响。结果表明:添加过多的脱毒亚麻饼粉,会使馒头的比容、扩展比下降以及色泽变暗;质构结果表明,随着脱毒亚麻饼粉添加比例的增加,馒头的硬度、胶粘性与咀嚼性不断增加,弹性、内聚性与回复性不断减小;馒头的油脂、蛋白质和灰分含量逐渐增加,氨基酸含量除脯氨酸外均呈增加趋势,木酚素含量也显著增加(p0.05),添加15%脱毒亚麻饼粉馒头的木酚素含量高达3.34 mg/g;馒头的感官评分随着脱毒亚麻饼粉的添加比例增大逐渐降低,但添加3%和6%脱毒亚麻饼粉馒头的感官评分显著高于其他添加脱毒亚麻饼粉的馒头,二者的感官评分均大于90且没有显著性差异,因添加6%脱毒亚麻饼粉馒头含有更多的油脂、蛋白质和木酚素等营养物质,故选择脱毒亚麻饼粉的最佳添加比例为6%。     

Flaxseed: a potential source of food, feed and fiber

Flaxseed is one of the most important oilseed crops for industrial as well as food, feed, and fiber purposes. Almost every part of the flaxseed plant is utilized commercially, either directly or after processing. The stem yields good quality fiber having high strength and durability. The seed provides oil rich in omega-3, digestible proteins, and lignans. In addition to being one of the richest sources of α-linolenic acid oil and lignans, flaxseed is an essential source of high quality protein and soluble fiber and has considerable potential as a source of phenolic compounds. Flaxseed is emerging as an important functional food ingredient because of its rich contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, and fiber. Lignans appear to be anti-carcinogenic compounds. The omega-3s and lignan phytoestrogens of flaxseed are in focus for their benefits for a wide range of health conditions and may possess chemo-protective properties in animals and humans. This paper presents a review of literature on the nutritional composition of flaxseed, its health benefits, and disease-prevention qualities, utilization of flaxseed for food, feed, and fiber, and processing of flaxseed.     

Developing radio frequency pretreatment technology for improving yield and quality of flaxseed oil extractions

Flaxseed is considered as a major raw material for producing functional vegetable oil. To promote the extraction process of flaxseed oil, effects of radio frequency (RF) pretreatment at investigated temperatures (70, 90, 110, 130, and 150 °C) on yield, physicochemical property and sensory quality of flaxseed oil were determined. The results showed that the yield of flaxseed oil increased from 31.29 to 38.23% after RF pretreatment at 150 °C (p < 0.05). The total phenolic, lignan, antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents of flaxseed oil increased significantly with the increase of RF pretreatment temperature (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the higher RF pretreatment temperatures caused a slight increase on oil oxidation indices (free fatty acid, peroxide value, conjugated diene, conjugated trienes, and p-anisidine value). These results provide theoretical guidance for practical applications of RF pretreatment in the production and processing of edible vegetable oil.