江西地区油茶籽的含油率和脂肪酸组成的调查与分析

本文对江西地区2011年产的38个油茶籽的含油率和脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明:油茶籽含油率在20.48%~49.84%之间,平均为37.07%。油茶籽油脂肪酸主要是由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生一烯酸等脂肪酸组成,棕榈酸含量平均值8.19%;硬脂酸含量平均值2.48%;油酸含量平均值81.02%;亚油酸含量平均值7.74%;花生一烯酸含量平均值0.46%,主要不饱和脂肪酸油酸和亚油酸含量平均达到了88.76%,说明江西地区的油茶籽油符合高品质食用油的标准。     

发育紫苏种子营养累积与脂肪酸组分变化

对6个不同品种紫苏种子发育过程中粗脂肪、蛋白质含量进行了测定,并通过气相色谱对2个品种的脂肪酸组分变化规律进行了检测分析。结果表明,蛋白质在结实后10~20 d内即可完成基本累积过程,而粗脂肪累积需要20~30 d才能完成。6个品种中含粗脂肪32.6%~44.4%,含蛋白质21.4%~24.9%,ZY-14和ZY-12粗脂肪和蛋白质含量均较高,是适合油用和饲料加工的优质品种。紫苏脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸5种成分组成,不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的91.6%~95.0%,其中α-亚麻酸占总不饱和脂肪酸的66.8%~73.3%。种子发育过程中,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸含量相对稳定,亚油酸含量随种子发育逐渐降低,而α-亚麻酸含量不断增加直至成熟。     

12株油茶种仁含油率及脂肪酸组成分析

测定名邛台地(四川省境内的名山、邛崃、蒲江一带)的12株野生油茶的产量和种仁含油率,采用气相色谱法(GC)对油茶籽油脂肪酸组成进行分析,并对主要脂肪酸组成间进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同油茶的产量和种仁含油率存在差异,单株产量为12.95~54.00 kg,种仁含油率为37.04%~45.56%;油茶籽油脂肪酸组成以油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主;各脂肪酸含量之间存在密切的相关性,油酸与亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸呈极显著负相关,关系最密切的是油酸和亚油酸,其相关系数达到-0.829;根据产量、种仁含油率和脂肪酸组成筛选出的川雅31、川雅21、川雅28、川雅20可作为进一步培育优良品种的材料。     

苎麻属野生植物种子油中脂肪酸组成及其粕氨基酸分析

为探明苎麻属野生植物种子油的开发利用价值,采用索氏抽提法、气相色谱法和氨基酸分析仪对其种子含油量、油中脂肪酸组成及其粕氨基酸组成进行测定分析。结果表明:苎麻属野生植物种子含油量较高,最高达28.46%,平均值达21.63%,显著高于栽培种苎麻;油中脂肪酸主要由5种脂肪酸组成,平均含量顺序为亚油酸(80.6%)油酸(10.6%)棕榈酸(5.8%)硬脂酸(2.1%)亚麻酸(0.3%);其不饱和脂肪酸含量达90%以上,明显优于红麻籽油、棉籽油、红花籽油、橄榄油、大豆油和菜籽油;其含油量与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸呈负相关,与亚油酸、亚麻酸呈正相关;亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸呈负相关,其中与硬脂酸达显著水平;苎麻属野生植物种子粕共有17种氨基酸,其中含7种必需氨基酸,占总氨基酸的39.24%~41.24%。综合分析可见,苎麻属野生植物种子中存在丰富优异种质,对于苎麻品质育种和营养保健油开发具有重要价值。     

芝麻籽中脂肪酸组成测定及相关性分析北大核心CSCD

对我国不同地区的46份芝麻籽样品进行脂肪酸组成测定,并分析了不同脂肪酸之间的相关性。亚油酸和油酸是芝麻籽中的主要脂肪酸,平均含量分别为45.40%和39.56%。芝麻籽中不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到85.45%。亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量分别为41.72%~48.51%,35.49%~43.60%、7.44%~10.39%和4.52%~6.00%。油酸含量与亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关,棕榈酸含量与硬脂酸含量呈显著负相关,与油酸、亚麻酸含量和花生酸含量呈极显著负相关,而与亚油酸含量呈极显著正相关。     

高含油量油菜种子和果皮油份积累及主要脂肪酸的动态变化

以高含油量油菜品系为材料,研究角果发育过程中种子和果皮油份积累与主要脂肪酸的动态变化。结果表明：高含油量品种在角果发育早期油份的合成与积累较为缓慢,开花后20d种子含油率仅占成熟种子油份含量的8．35％～12．32％,角果发育中期是油份含量增加最快的时期,开花后40d种子含油率占成熟种子油份含量的72．89％。94．73％,籽粒成熟时油份含量达到最大值。果皮的油份积累与种子相反,随角果发育油份含量依次下降,两者呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0．95。种子和果皮的二十碳烯酸、芥酸合成规律明显不同。种子的7种主要脂肪酸组成中芥酸和二十碳烯酸与16碳、18碳脂肪酸含量均呈负相关,亚麻酸和亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量均呈正相关,与油酸含量H2和H27为正相关,H1和H28为负相关。而油酸与其它脂肪酸的相关关系较为复杂,与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸、亚麻酸的相关关系有正相关,也有负相关,可见油酸的合成与积累不仅与棕榈酸、硬脂酸有关,还会影响亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量,这是创新油菜高油酸材料的基础。     

芝麻籽中脂肪酸组成测定及相关性分析

对我国不同地区的46份芝麻籽样品进行脂肪酸组成测定,并分析了不同脂肪酸之间的相关性。亚油酸和油酸是芝麻籽中的主要脂肪酸,平均含量分别为45.40%和39.56%。芝麻籽中不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到85.45%。亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量分别为41.72%~48.51%,35.49%~43.60%、7.44%~10.39%和4.52%~6.00%。油酸含量与亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关,棕榈酸含量与硬脂酸含量呈显著负相关,与油酸、亚麻酸含量和花生酸含量呈极显著负相关,而与亚油酸含量呈极显著正相关。     

大麻种子含油量及油脂脂肪酸组成分析

为探明大麻种子油开发利用价值,采取索氏抽提法和气相色谱法对大麻种子含油量、脂肪酸组成及其相关性进行了研究与分析。结果表明:大麻种子含油量较高,最高达36.10%,其中超过34.20%的品种达5个;大麻种子油主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸和α-亚麻酸等组成,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.89%~98.79%,均值达89.50%;大麻种子油多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,均值达77.05%,其中亚油酸含量超过59%的有4个品种;亚麻酸含量均值达19.90%,其中α-亚麻酸大于20%的品种达5个。相关分析表明,大麻种子含油量与油中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸存在负相关,与油酸和γ-亚麻酸呈正相关,其中与α-亚麻酸达显著水平。综合分析可见,大麻种子油具有较高含油量和丰富不饱和脂肪酸,其亚麻酸含量明显优于大多食用植物油的,具有较好开发利用前景。云麻6号的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸及云麻4号的γ-亚麻酸含量均极为丰富,显著高于其他品种,表明这两个品种在开发相应高脂肪酸保健食品、特种植物油和品质育种研究等方面具有重要应用价值。     

不同品种核桃仁中脂肪酸含量及组成分析

以国内外不同品种的核桃仁为材料,采用酸水解法和气相色谱法,测定不同品种核桃仁中脂肪酸含量及组成,结果表明核桃仁中脂肪含量在65%左右,其中脂肪酸分别由棕榈酸、珠光酯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸、花生一烯酸等8种脂肪酸组成。其中棕榈酸、珠光酯酸、硬脂酸、花生酸属于饱和脂肪酸,其含量在50～70g/kg左右,油酸、花生一烯酸属于单不饱和脂肪酸,含量在100～150g/kg之间,亚油酸、α-亚麻酸属于多不饱和脂肪酸,含量达到了410～490g/kg。     

玉屏不同油茶种质含油率及油中脂肪酸组成分析

为选育油茶优良无性系,利用核磁共振方法测定了玉屏38个油茶优良无性系的种子和种仁含油率,采用GC-MS/MS方法检测了索氏提取的油茶种仁油脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果表明:MZ-3、YP-1、6-57、6-48和GY的种子和种仁含油率分别在41%和56%以上。油茶种仁油中检测出6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生烯酸,油酸含量高于83%的品系有5-35、5-37、6-49、XL-210和YP-1。这不仅为玉屏油茶优良无性系的选择提供了科学依据,而且可为油茶籽油的加工利用提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press