Hydropower stations dot the Yangtze River

Energy, environmental protection and water resources technologies top the agenda for China＇s international science co-operation in the 11 th Five-Year Plan （2006-10）, according to a document released by the Ministry of Science and Technology yesterday.     

River Cutoff Practices on Lower Jingjiang Section of Changjiang River in the Last 30 Years

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＬｏｗｅｒＪｉｎｇｊｉａｎｇｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｏｎｍｉｄｄｌｅＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇ (Ｙａｎｇｔｚｅ)Ｒｉｖｅｒ.Ｔｈｉｓｒｉｖｅｒｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｓａｔｙｐｉｃａｌｍｅａｎｄｅｒｉｎｇｓｔｒｅａｍｗｉｔｈｍｅａｎｄｅｒｉｎｇｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓｗｈｅｒｅｆｌｏｏｄｓｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｓｍｏｏｔｈｌｙｒｅｌｅａｓｅｄａｎｄｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｅｎｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｅｄｉｎｎａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎ .Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎａｎｄｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｆｏｒｒｉｖｅｒｃｕｔｏｆｆｏ…     

Analysis of Micro Organic Compound Pollution in Major City River Reaches of the Main Stem of the Changjiang River

1　ＳｔｕｄｙＡｒｅａｓａｎｄＳｔｕｄｙＭｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｙ1.1　ＳａｍｐｌｉｎｇＡｒｅａｓａｎｄＳａｍｐｌｅＴｙｐｅｓＡｌｌｔｈｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓｗｅｒｅｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｍａｉｎｓｔｅｍｃｒｏｓｓ-ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｎｅａｒｓｈｏｒｅｗａｔｅｒｓｏｆ 2 2ｍａｊｏｒｃｉｔｙｒｉｖｅｒｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆＰａｎｚｈｉｈｕａ ,Ｙｉｂｉｎ ,Ｌｕｚｈｏｕ ,Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ ,Ｆｕｌｉｎｇ ,Ｗａｎｘ ｉａｎ ,Ｙｉｃｈａｎｇ ,Ｓｈａｓｈｉ,Ｙｕｅｙａｎｇ ,Ｗｕｈａｎ ,Ｅｚｈｏｕ ,Ｈｕａｎｇ ｓｈｉ,Ｊ…     

Water Balance of Zhangdu Lake in Yangtze River Basin

1 IntroductionIn the central Yangtze Basin in China ,there were thou-sands of large lakes .In the past , most of them were naturallyconnected with rivers ,such as the Yangtze ,but gradually losttheir hydrological and biological linkages due to both natura…     

Challenge and Perspective of Yangtze River Basin Water Resources Protection

ＴｈｅａｂｕｎｄａｎｔｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｂａ ｓｉｎｉｓａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｃｉｅｔｙａｎｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｎ .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒｓｏｍｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｅｘｐｌｏｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｔｉｓｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄｌｅｓｓｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｘ …     

River2D在码头工程防洪评价中的应用

数学模型是防洪评价的一种重要的技术手段。介绍了River2D模型的基本原理及River2D在平乐黑山码头防洪评价中的应用实例。分析了天然2%、5%、10%和20%洪水频率下的河势影响,结果表明:黑山码头建设后对河道流态的变化多限于码头平台桩基局部范围,与水面线一样,对河势的影响不明显,不会影响到河势的整体稳定性,但会加强沙滩的冲刷,减少淤积。     

Brief Introduction of Wanjiazhai Water Complex on the Yellow River

Wanjiazhai Water Complex on the Yellow River isa major project included in the national Ninth Five-Year Plan, financed by three investors of the Ministryof Water Resources, governments of Shanxi Provinceand Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is located     

River Floods in the Changing Climate—Observations and Projections

River flood damages, worldwide, have increased dynamically in the last few decades, so that it is necessary to interpret this change. River flooding is a complex phenomenon which can be affected by changes coupled to terrestrial, socio-economic and climate systems. The climate track in the observed changes is likely, even if human encroaching into the harm’s way and increase in the damage potential in floodplains can be the dominating factors in many river basins. Increase in intense precipitation has already been observed, with consequences to increasing risk of rain-induced flooding. Projections for the future, based on climate model simulations, indicate increase of flood risks in many areas, globally. Over large areas, a 100-year flood in the control period is projected to become much more frequent in the future time horizon. Despite the fact that the degree of uncertainty in model-based projections is considerable and difficult to quantify, the change in design flood frequency has obvious relevance to flood risk management practice. The number of flood-affected people is projected to increase with the amount of warming. For a 4°C warming the number of flood-affected people is over 2.5 times higher than for a 2°C warming. The present contribution addresses the climate track in an integrated way, tackling issues related to multiple factors, change detection, projections, and adaptation to floods.     

Sediment Lead Loads in the Niagara River, 1986–1992

The problem of estimating sediment lead loads from Lake Erie to the Niagara River and from the river to Lake Ontario is considered. Using weekly data for the period 8 May 1986 to 12 October 1992, autoregressive time series models containing terms for trend and seasonality were developed for the average daily load at the head (FE) and mouth (NOTL) of the river, as well as for the load ratio and difference between the two sites. The estimated average load at the Fort Erie station decreased dramatically from 230 kg/day in 1986 to a roughly constant level of approximately 87 kg/day thereafter, the lowest value of 74 kg/day being reached in 1992. At the Niagara-on-the-Lake station, daily load declined gradually throughout the measurement period, from 110 kg/day in 1986 to 65 kg/day in 1992. Thus, by 1992, there was little difference (9 kg/day) in the loads at the two sites, suggesting that the major contribution of sediment lead to the Niagara River was from Lake Erie.     

Ecological Water Requirement (EWR) Analysis of High Mountain and Steep Gorge (HMSG) River—Application to Upper Lancang–Mekong River

As “corridor” in the south–north and “barrier” in the west–east direction, Lancang River, the upstream of Lancang–Mekong River, has an obvious spatial–temporal characteristic and unique regional attributes. Recently, the hydropower development of the mainstream along Lancang River has disturbed the regional ecosystem to have unstable factors, and threatened the ecosystem health. This paper used the couple model of Grading Coefficient of ecological water requirement (GCEWR) and the ecological runoff (ER) to simulate the ecological water requirement (EWR) of Lancang River, in a broad sense, this method belongs to hydrology–ecology methodology. In the GCEWR–ER, We adopted ecological characteristic indexes (ECI) and hydrological characteristic variables (e.g. variance index) to calculate the GCEWR, and used three methods to calculate the basic variable (e.g. ER) of EWR: the first method directly used annual average runoff as ER; the second method was used frequency method and took year as basic time unit, and the third method took season (e.g. flood season, non-flood season) as the basic time unit to evaluate ER. Finally, in order to demonstrate applicability of this developed methodology, this paper adopted GCEWR–ER method to calculate the EWR of Lancang River in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region. By the systematic analysis of the results, we could get the minimum, satisfying and optimal EWR for the Lancang River, which were 142.53 × 10⁸, 286.46 × 10⁸ and 385.96 × 10⁸ m³. The three EWR respectively occupied 25.10%, 50.46% and 67.98% of the average measured run-off (567.75 × 10⁸ m³) of the Lancang River, and respectively occupied 18.63%, 37.45% and 50.45% of the natural run-off (765 × 10⁸ m³) of the Lancang River.     

The 1999 Flood on Changjiang River and Some Thoughts on It

Ｉｎ 1999ａｆａｉｒｌｙｈｅａｖｙｆｌｏｏｄｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｉｎＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇＲｉｖｅｒｖａｌｌｅｙ．Ｐｅａｋｆｌｏｗｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｓｔｒｅａｍｍｅｔｔｈａｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｓｔｒｅａｍｔｗｉｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｙｅａｒ，ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｉｎｈｉｇｈｆｌｏｏｄｓｔａｇｅｓａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｔｅｍｏｆＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇＲｉｖｅｒａｎｄａｔＤｏｎｇｔｉｎｇａｎｄＰｏｙａｎｇｌａｋｅｓ．ＴｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｗａｔｅｒｌｅｖｅｌｓａｔＳｈａｓｈｉ，Ｊｉａｎｌｉ，Ｃｈｅｎ…     

River2D模型及其在漓江桂林市区段的初步应用

River2D模型是河道内流量增加法(IFIM)中的一个河流水动力学和鱼类栖息地模拟软件,可以模拟流量和鱼类栖息地之间的定量关系.介绍了River2D模型的构成及理论基础.利用漓江桂林市区段地形图和实地勘测的地形数据,建立漓江桂林市区段River2D模型,初步结果表明,模型能有效地反映某个特定条件或某个时刻河流流量、流速及水深的分布情况,可以在河流修复等研究中发挥作用.     

River2D模型在溃坝洪水演进数值模拟中的应用

River2D模型能模拟溃坝洪水在水库下游地区的演进过程.为模拟水库溃坝洪水演进,以江西省大余县油罗口水库为例,利用River2D模型模拟大坝溃决后洪水在下游的演进,预测洪水淹没范围、水深及流速等洪水风险信息.     

Channel Accretion on the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River and E

Aggradation of channel on the lower reaches of the Yellow River is mainly governed by the regimen of river discharge and sediment delivered from upstream. In the long run, channel accretion exhibits alternate increase and decrease, somewhat periodic in nature.The long-term average annual deposition is something like 300 million tons. Besides the aforesaid factor affecting scouring and depositing along the river channel along the lower reaches, there are also the following factors of influence: fluvial processes and changes in river bed in previous stages, operation of Sanmenxia Reservoir in regulating floodwater and sediment delivery, as well as conditions at the river mouth. After undergoing 3 consecutive periods of accretion-degradation-accretion, and being subjected to different measures to cope with the problem at different times, adapting to the actual condition, there is now only accretion to limited extent above Jiahetan and .below Aishan, most of the deposits being laid in the intermedite section. The distribution of the deposits in the crosswise direction is related to overflowing onto the floodplains, the duration, and the condition of levees there (to protect the farmland on the floodplains from ordinary floods). During the period from 1950 to 1983, a total of about 5 biIlion tons of sediment deposited on the floodplains on the lower reaches, comprising 70% of the entire volume of deposition, distributed unevenly though, mainly outside the area sheltered by the levees, effecting in an increase in transverse slope of the channel. In some sections, "suspended river" was formed within the already "suspended" river (river bed lying above the land surface behind the dykes).Sequence of years of observation in the fifties was chosen and the regulating effect of the Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Sanmenxia and other reservoirs is also taken into account. In the 12 years from 1984 to 1995, average annual runoff on the lower reaches of the Yellow River will be 38.8 billion m~3, carrying 1.61 billion tons of sediment each year. Through comprehensive analysis of the observed data, it has been found that the avergae yearly deposition on the lower reaches of the Yellow River will be something like 400 million tons for the same period, mostly in the reaches between Jiahetan and Aishan. Channel accretion in the reaches from Aishan to Lijin will be somewhat on the ascent.     

Method and Practice on Water Function Division of the Yangtze River Region

Ｗａｔｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｉｓｔｏｄｉｖｉｄｅｔｈｅｗａｔｅｒｓｉｎａｂａ ｓｉｎｏｒａｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｗａｔｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｒｅｇｉｏｎｓａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｓｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｇｅｏ ｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ ,ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ｅｔｃ .ａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓａｓｔｈｅｓｔａｔｕｓｑｕｏｏｆｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉ…     

Monitoring and Analysis on Impact of Gezhouba Hydroproject on Downstream River Course

1　ＬａｙｏｕｔｏｆＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇＩｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏａｎａｌｙｓｅｒｉｖｅｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｌａｗｏｆｔｈｅｄｏｗｎ ｓｔｒｅａｍｒｉｖｅｒｒｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｚｈｏｕｂａｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ,ＪｉｎｇｊｉａｎｇＨｙｄｒｏ ｌｏｇｉｃａｎｄＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＳｕｒｖｅｙＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇＷａ ｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｈａｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｐｒｏｔｏｔｙｐｅｏｂｓｅｒｖａ ｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒｃｈａｎｎｅｌｂｅｌｏｗｔ…     

Cascade 1 Hydropower Station Implemented on Woka River in Tibet of China

On October 12,2000 the representatives from all sides formally signed at the acceptance test for implementing cascade 1 hydropower station on Woka River in Tibet, which marks that the second largest one of China‘s national 62 assisting-Tibet projects is fully succeeded.     

Comprehensive evaluation of Happy River based on ERG demand modelEI北大核心CSCD

针对建设幸福河实现新时代河湖治理的目标,基于ERG（existence relatedness growth）需求模型,建立了包括23个核心指标和27个可选指标的幸福河评价指标体系;运用Matlab软件,以幸福河等级指数为目标,采用投影寻踪模型建立幸福河评价指标值与幸福河等级指数之间的非线性关系,构建了基于改进的粒子群优化投影寻踪（IPSO-PPE）的幸福河等级评价模型,实现对幸福河的定量评价。以黄河甘肃段为例,分析了其2010—2018年幸福河等级指数变化的趋势,结果表明：黄河甘肃段幸福河等级指数整体呈上升趋势,由2010年的E等级（不幸福）提升到2018年的B等级（幸福指数较高）,评价结果与GRA-TOPSIS法结果吻合率达到88.9%,能较好地反映黄河甘肃段实际情况;水土流失、流域水患灾害、河流生态基流满足程度是制约黄河甘肃段幸福河等级指数的主要因素。     

Attribution analysis of runoff change in the Beidasha River BasinEI北大核心CSCD

基于ABCD模型,提出了分离气候变化和人类活动对径流影响的分析框架,结合弹性系数法,在不同时间尺度上对北大沙河流域径流变化进行了归因分析。结果表明:从基准期(1980—1990年)到扰动期(2006—2018年),年尺度上ABCD模型和弹性系数法得到的气候变化导致径流的增加量分别为43.0mm和32.0mm,人类活动导致径流的减少量同气候变化导致的增加量相当,弹性系数法未考虑气象要素年内分配的变化,可能低估气候变化的影响;月尺度上,气候变化使径流在汛期增加了4.4~18.1mm,非汛期增加了1.3~2.2mm,在夏、秋两季占主导地位,人类活动使径流9月增加了11.3mm,其他月份减少了1.9~10.1mm,在春、冬两季占主导地位。