烟道气碳化水镁石副产碱式碳酸镁碳捕集技术

以天然水镁石(Mg(OH)_2)浆液为原料,在固液质量比1∶6,反应温度40℃,反应压力1.01×10~5 Pa,模拟烟道气的CO_2体积分数为15%的条件下进行碳捕集,同时产出副产品碱式碳酸镁(4MgCO_3·Mg(OH)_2·4H_2O),此方法不仅降低了捕集成本,而且副产高附加值产品.对反应过程中体系的pH值和物质组成进行了检测,探讨了不同气速对反应时间的影响,并对最终产物进行了滴定分析和热失重分析.结果表明:反应终止的pH值为7.73~7.74,较适宜的气速为60mL/min,此时CO_2回收率达40.87%.最终产物碱式碳酸镁的镁含量达到43.16%(质量分数),失重量达到56.26%,符合碱式碳酸镁产品的行业标准.     

白云石制备高纯氧化镁工艺研究

以白云石为原料,经煅烧、消化、碳化、热解、烘干制备出CaO质量分数小于0.1％的碱式碳酸镁,煅烧后制备出MgO质量分数高于99％的高纯氧化镁.研究了白云石煅烧温度、消化条件、碳化终点pH、碳化时(NH4)2C2O4的加入及加入时的pH对消化效率、碳化效率以及产品纯度的影响.确定了最佳工艺条件:白云石最佳煅烧温度为910...     

微米碱式碳酸镁合成的最佳工艺条件研究

碱式碳酸镁是一种具有广泛用途的化学原料,经常用于工业、制药工业中,同时还可作为面粉处理剂用在食品方面。本文以硝酸镁与碳酸氢铵为实验原料,通过单因素法来设计和进行试验,探讨最佳工艺条件,分别分析了Mg(NO_3)_2的浓度、NH_4HCO_3的浓度、Mg(NO_3)_2和NH_4HCO_3的物质的量比、温度对产物碱式碳酸镁的粒径大小的影响。结果表明:Mg(NO_3)_2的浓度为1.28 mol/L,NH_4HCO_3的浓度为1.37 mol/L,反应温度为67℃,NH_4HCO_3与Mg(NO_3)2的物质的量比为2.18∶1时,最小粒径为13.5μm。     

乳化萃取法脱除Mg2+制备工业级磷酸二氢钠的研究

本文以高效的二(2-乙基己基磷酸)(D2EHPA)为萃取剂,采用乳化萃取技术来提取NaH2PO4溶液中的Mg2+杂质,通过考察萃取剂浓度,水相溶液pH值,相比(水相:有机相),乳化速度等对萃取Mg2+萃取率的影响,求得适宜工艺条件:D2EHPA体积分数:75%,相比(A/O):2∶1,起始NaH2PO4溶液pH值为4,搅拌速度:3000r.min-1;实验结果表明,在适宜工艺条件下,经过三级萃取,可制取工业级NaH2PO4。     

硼镁石碳化提镁试验研究

以硼镁石为原料,配入一定量的碳酸钙,按最佳煅烧条件获得熟料,磨细后将熟料在水中消化、碳化,找到最佳的消化条件和碳化条件制取碱式碳酸镁,对利用硼镁石制取镁系列产品有一定的参考价值。结果表明,煅烧熟料最佳消化温度为80℃,时间40min,液固比25g/L;碳解液经热解,分析测得产物为4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O,其中MgO质量分数为43.60%,CaO质量分数为0.33%。     

用蛇纹石制取高纯度活性氧化镁的工艺研究

研究了以蛇纹石为原料制取高纯度活性氧化镁的工艺。以硫酸浸取蛇纹石矿石得到硫酸镁,以精制硫酸镁溶液为原料,氨水、碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂制取碱式碳酸镁前驱体,煅烧碱式碳酸镁前驱体得到高纯度活性氧化镁产品。考察了制取碱式碳酸镁的工艺条件,最佳工艺条件为:预氨pH值为9.6～9.7、镁离子与总铵(NH3+NH4+)摩尔比为0.46、氨与碳酸氢铵摩尔比为1.4。在此条件下,镁的沉淀率达到最大值89%。碱式碳酸镁前驱体最佳煅烧条件为:升温速率10℃/min,煅烧温度650℃,煅烧时间2h。在此条件下得到了碘吸附值为165.1mgI2/gMgO、柠檬酸活性值为3.05s、比表面积为78.03m2/g的高纯活性氧化镁。     

碳化法制备重铬酸钠工艺优化

在2 L高压反应釜内,通过测定平衡时总Cr6+浓度及Cr2O72-浓度,研究了反应温度、CO2压力、搅拌转速、碳化反应时间及Na2CrO4料液浓度对碳化法生产Na2Cr2O7工艺中一次碳化率的影响及一次碳化率、总Cr6+浓度对Na2CrO4二次碳化率的影响. 结果表明,在反应温度60℃、CO2压强1.2 MPa、搅拌速度800 r/min、反应时间2 h及料液浓度4.17 mol/L时,一次碳化率可达70%;一次碳化率为60%及总Cr6+浓度为5 mol/L时,二次碳化率可达95%.     

Ca/Mg/PO_4骨修复材料的制备及降解性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了具有不同Mg含量的Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料,其主要成分为β-Ca3(PO4)2(β-TCP),Mg以第二相Ca4Mg5(PO4)6的形式存在于其中。将Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料浸入模拟体液中,通过测定模拟体液的pH值、Ca2+浓度及Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料的质量变化,分析Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料降解前后的物相及表面形貌的变化,来研究Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料的降解性能。结果表明:随着浸泡时间的延长,模拟体液的pH值、Ca2+浓度先快速下降后逐渐趋于稳定,Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料质量不断减小;随着Mg含量的增加,模拟体液的pH值不断增大,Ca2+浓度和Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料质量不断减小;浸泡28d后,Ca/Mg/PO4骨修复材料表面析出类似于羟基磷灰石的物质。     

新疆盐湖水合氯化镁制高纯氧化镁的研究

以新疆盐湖废弃物水合氯化镁为原料,采用碳铵法制备高纯氧化镁。研究了原料浓度、物料配比、加料方式、温度、p H值、煅烧温度对制取高纯氧化镁的影响。结果表明各因素的影响顺序为:p H值>物料配比>温度>时间>Mg2+浓度。碳酸氢铵采取固液混合加料,Mg2+浓度为1.5 mol·L-1,物料物质的量比NH4HCO3/Mg2+为3∶1,p H值10,反应温度为90℃,时间为3.0 h。此条件下制得的碱式碳酸镁经750℃煅烧3 h,氧化镁的纯度可达98.28%。经XRD分析可知产品结晶性好,纯度高;经电镜分析可知,氧化镁为球形,分散性好。     

铁氧体法处理含铬废水及铬回收实验研究

通过实验研究了铁氧体法处理含Cr6+废水和回收铬的工艺条件,包括Fe2+/Cr2O27-(摩尔比)、反应pH值、温度、酸化pH值。得出实验的最佳工艺条件为:酸化pH为3.0、Fe2+/Cr2O27-(摩尔比)为12∶1、反应pH值为9、温度为70℃。在此工艺条件下,处理后废水中Cr6+的浓度可达到国家环保排放标准(GB8978-1996),且回收率相对较高,最高可达67.21%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。