仿生非光滑表面在混合润滑状态下的摩擦性能

模仿蚯蚓的非光滑表面形态及其分泌体表液的摩擦行为和作用,利用摩擦试验台对模拟蚯蚓体表形态的凹坑、导角通孔、通孔三种仿生非光滑表面形态进行了滴油混合润滑摩擦试验。试验结果表明,在混合润滑情况下,接近蚯蚓背孔的通孔形仿生非光滑表面结构具有优良的减阻、耐磨效应,并从非光滑形态对润滑状态影响规律及对摩擦界面材料特性影响规律探讨了仿生非光滑形态对摩擦性能的影响机理。     

齿轮磨损计算与测试方法及抑制技术

齿轮是航空航天器、大型舰船、先进轨道车辆、电动汽车、智能机器人、高效能源机械等重大装备传动系的核心元件,齿面磨损则是其最常见的失效形式.有必要从理论与试验两方面,研究齿面磨损量的确定方法及其抑制技术.基于黏着磨损、疲劳磨损和能量磨损理论及材料磨损率,对不同的齿面磨损模型及其计算方法进行分析.按等效试件、比例试件和实际试件分3类试验方法,分述其在齿轮磨损研究中的应用;并对磨损量的常用测量技术,即称重法、表面轮廓法、铁谱与光谱分析法进行探讨.研究结果显示,齿轮磨损量的预测需要根据摩擦配副材料-结构特性、使役条件及其对应的失效形式选用合适的磨损模型和测算方法,将理论分析、数值计算与测试技术密切结合.在改进传统的硬齿面和润滑技术的同时,固体润滑薄膜材料、耐磨减摩涂层和齿面复合强化等先进技术,将为高性能齿轮产品及其装备的抗磨损设计提供重要的助力.     

激冷铸铁摩擦磨损性能的研究

在室温、载荷及连续润滑条件下,用可锻铸铁、耐磨铸铁、球墨铸铁、激冷铸铁与45^#钢,激冷铸铁与耐磨铸铁,激冷铸铁与激冷铸铁对磨试验,研究了激冷铸铁的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明,激冷铸铁的摩擦系数与磨损量均小于可锻铸铁与耐磨铸铁,其摩擦系数波动在0．07－0．12之间,属边界润滑或混合润滑、磨损属磨料磨损和分层磨损,在磨料磨损中,二体磨料磨损,软材料的磨损量大于硬材料;在三体磨料磨损中,硬材料的磨损量有时大软材料,激冷铸铁的磨损量随载荷加大、时间延长而增加,但有一个转折点,当载荷加到150kg时,耐磨铸铁履行过强裂磨损力,改善润滑条件,高速内燃机的凸轮轴就完全可用激冷铸铁制造。     

摩擦副不同表面织构化的润滑减摩性能试验研究

为研究织构位于摩擦副不同表面时的润滑减摩性能,对无表面织构、上试件单表面织构、下试件单表面织构和双表面织构四种不同形式的摩擦副分别在富油和乏油两种润滑条件和50N,100N两种载荷下进行摩擦磨损试验,观察摩擦系数变化规律.试验结果表明:载荷越大,表面织构对摩擦系数的影响越显著;富油条件下,上、下试件单表面织构均能减小摩擦系数,而且上试件单表面织构更加有效;乏油条件下,下试件单表面织构减小而上试件单表面织构增大摩擦系数;双表面织构在不同的润滑条件下均不能减小摩擦系数.     

锌铝基合金的滑动摩擦磨损试验

利用 M-200型磨损试验机和 X-650型扫描电子显微镜对锌铝基合金滑动摩擦磨损试验的试验方法和数据处理方法进行了研究;研究表明:试验合金的滑动摩擦磨损特性与磨损试验参数和润滑方式密切相关;首先提出了试验合金摩擦面次表层温度的简易测试方式和摩擦面压强的数据处理方法;结果还表明:滑动摩擦磨损机制与摩擦系数、磨损量、摩擦面压强、摩擦面表层温度和试验合金硬度等摩擦参量有关。     

石墨密封材料润滑膜形成规律及摩擦磨损研究

为了研究石墨密封材料润滑膜形成规律及其摩擦磨损特性,使用MMW-1立式万能摩擦磨损试验机分别对浸渍金属锑、浸渍树脂和人造石墨多组试样进行摩擦磨损试验.研究表明:浸锑石墨密封材料呈现快速成膜、迅速稳定的有膜润滑状态,其摩擦系数在0.08左右;浸树脂石墨密封材料因材料硬度不同而呈现有膜润滑、贫膜润滑和残膜润滑状态,摩擦系数为0.07～0.1;人造石墨表现为无膜润滑,摩擦系数在0.25左右.有膜摩擦耐磨损性能最好,贫膜摩擦耐磨损性能不稳定,无膜摩擦磨损严重.     

模拟活塞缸套摩擦副的仿生非光滑表面的摩擦学研究

根据仿生学原理,利用铝合金活塞和铸铁汽缸套的材料设计了普通结构和几种仿生结构的摩擦副,并在摩擦磨损试验机上进行了对比试验。结果表明,在干摩擦时,非光滑结构与普通结构的摩擦副的摩擦性能差异不大。在沾油润滑条件下,仿生非光滑结构的摩擦副的抗黏着磨损性能明显优于普通结构。其原因是在有润滑条件时,仿生非光滑结构具有较强的贮存润滑油及形成油膜的能力。     

衬层弹性变形对水润滑结构润滑性能的影响分析

以水润滑轴承为例,利用有限元耦合算法数值计算了水润滑结构的弹流润滑模型,从理论上分析了具有不同弹性模量值和厚度值的橡胶衬层弹性变形对水润滑结构水膜压力、水膜厚度和摩擦磨损特性的影响规律。研究表明:衬层弹性变形对水润滑结构的弹流润滑性能有着非常大的影响,其影响效果在弹性模量值和厚度值较大时更为明显;相同的工况下,随着衬层弹性模量值的减小,水润滑结构的轴向和周向水膜厚度皆升高,水膜压力降低,压力作用区域扩大,弹流润滑效果更好,从而减轻了结构的摩擦磨损;一定程度上,衬层弹性模量的降低和衬层厚度的增加在增强水润滑结构的弹流润滑效果上是等效的。     

钢丝绳捻向对衬垫摩擦学性能的影响研究

在SC型摩擦衬垫实验机上对不同捻制方向的钢丝绳和GM-3摩擦衬垫进行了摩擦磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜对其磨损机理进行了分析.结果表明:干摩擦条件下,钢丝绳捻向对摩擦衬垫的摩擦学性能影响更为显著,此时同向捻钢丝绳的摩擦因数较交互捻钢丝绳高100%,脂润滑时高20 %～40 %.干摩擦条件下钢丝绳为同向捻和交互捻时衬垫材料的主要磨损形式均为黏着磨损、疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损共存,但同向捻钢丝绳对衬垫的磨损程度更为严重;脂润滑时交互捻与同向捻钢丝绳磨损形式均以黏着磨损和疲劳磨损为主.     

锌铝合金在油润滑条件下滑动摩擦特性的探讨

对两种锌铝合金 ZA—Si 和 HDZA 在20号机油润滑条件下的滑动摩擦特性进行了探讨。结果发现:该摩擦—润滑系统以边界润滑为主,且伴随断续、短暂的混合润滑或弹性流体润滑;摩擦磨损过程中犁削、辗压和粘着三个磨损机制在相互作用或共同作用;两种锌铝合金在一定的条件下具有优良的耐磨性能和减摩性能。     

精细陶瓷ATC在固相颗粒作用下的磨损行为

本工作研究了本组所开发的新型精细陶瓷ＡＴＣ的抗磨粒磨损和抗冲蚀磨损性能，与ＡＴ３０陶瓷相比，ＡＴＣ陶瓷的耐磨性较好，在磨粒磨损与大角度冲蚀磨损时更为明显，磨损表面细致，存在明显的塑性变形，磨损由单个颗粒脱落和块状脱落构成．ＡＴＣ陶瓷样品耐磨性与其强韧化水平有关．     

Relationship among wear-resistance of three-body abrasion, substructure and property in martensite steels

The effects of subsurface hardness on wear-resistance of martensitic steel 20Cr, 40CrSi, 60Mn, T8 and T10 in three-body abrasion under static load was investigated. It shows that the characteristic of the subsurface hardness distribution and the abrasive wear resistance is related to the substructure near the worn surface. The substructure of the tested martensite steel has an apparent relationship with the carbon content and steels with moderate carbon content and hardness exhibit good resistance to abrasive wear. The competition of the work-hardening effect and the temper softening effect, which resulted from deformation and friction heat generating during abrasive wear is considered to be a main reason for the relation among wear-resistance, hardness and substructure. At the test conditions, the wear-resistance of 40CrSi is the best.     

Elements inter—diffusion in the turning of wear—resistance aluminum bronze

Inter-diffusion of elements between the tool and the workpiece during the turning of aluminum bronze using high-speed steel and cemented carbide tools have been studied.The tool wear samples were prepared by using M2 high-speed steel and YW1 cemented carbide tools to turn a novel high strength,wear-resistance aluminum bronze without coolant and lubriant,Adhesion of workpiece materials was found on all tools‘ surface.The diffusion couples made of tool materials and alumium bronze were prepared to simulate the inter-diffusionn during the machining,The results obtained from tool wear samples were compared with those obtained from diffusion couples.Strong inter-diffusion between the tool materials and the aluminum bronze was observed in all samples.It is concluded that diffusion plays a significant role in the tool wear mechanism.     

Tribological Properties of MoSi2 Against AISI10045 Steel Under Sliding Friction

MoSi2 samples were prepared by a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis （SHS） and a hot-press technique. The sliding friction and wear properties of intermetallic MoSi2 against AISI10045 steel under dry friction and oil lubrication conditions were investigated with a MRH-5A type ring-on-block friction and wear tester. The elemental composition, microstructure and worn surface morphology of the MoSi2 material were observed and analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The synthetic parameter pv value reflecting friction work, was used to discuss the tribological properties of MoSi2 material. The results show that 1） oil lubrication can obviously improve the tribological properties of MoSi2, 2） the bigger the pv value, the greater the antifriction and the abrasive resistance of MoSi2 under oil lubrication, 3） with an increase in the pv value, the wear mechanism of MoSi2 material under dry sliding friction is the fatigue fracture and adhesive wear and 4） under oil lubrication the wear mechanism is mainly fatigue pitting.     

热处理温度对CrMoNi铸铁基化学镀Ni-P层显微结构与性能的影响

采用化学镀技术在CrMoNi高合金铸铁表面沉积Ni—P合金镀层,采用维氏硬度仪、M-2000摩擦磨损机、SEM和EDAX等手段研究了热处理温度对Ni-P合金镀层组织结构和性能的影响,并对磨损机理进行了分析．研究结果表明：CrMoNi合金基体表面沉积Ni—P合金镀层能有效改善CrMoNi合金基体硬度和耐磨性．经过350℃热处理时,获得的Ni-P合金镀层硬度达到极值1072HV,为基体硬度的4．5倍,耐磨性最佳,磨损率仅为基体的0．68％o,镀层的磨损机制为轻微的黏着磨损．     

超硬质相对堆焊层耐磨性的影响

本文在我们过去试验成果的基础上,对提高耐磨性起主要作用的crB、Cr_2B、WC、B_4C等硬质相,对等离子堆焊层耐磨性的影响进行了研究与比较。通过大量的试验结果与分析,表明了堆焊层组织、硬度与耐磨性的关系。试验结果认为:具有CrB、Cr_2B超硬质相堆焊层的耐磨性,比碳化物硬质相堆焊层的耐磨性有明显地提高。     

水环境下二硫化钼/聚四氟乙烯复合材料与石英玻璃的超润滑摩擦学特性

采用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机,对比研究了几种填充PTFE复合材料与石英玻璃对磨时,在水润滑、低速、较高载荷条件下的摩擦学特性。结果表明:在水润滑条件下,MoS2/PTFE复合材料与石英玻璃对磨时的摩擦系数可低于0.005,表现出超润滑摩擦特性,而且具有稳定的摩擦系数和很低的磨损率。石英玻璃所具有的优良表面特性和优异的亲水性是实现超润滑的关键。当添加高硬添料时,石英玻璃表面容易受到破坏,导致摩擦学性能下降。     

Comparison of Biotribology of Swine Compact Bone Against UHMWPE

A pin-on-disk tribometer was used, in a comparative test to observe the tribological behavior of the swine femoral bone against UHMWPE with dry friction, physiological water and human plasma lubrication. The wear mechanisms of swine bones and UHMWPE were investigated by SEM. The experimental results of these wear tests demonstrated that both the friction coefficient and wear rate of UHMWPE were the lowest when human plasma lubrication was used. The wear mechanism of the compact bone was mainly fatigue wear with dry friction, corrosive wear under physiological water lubrication and abrasive wear with human plasma lubrication. For UHMWPE, the wear mechanism was adhesive wear and plastic deformation with dry friction, serious ploughing and fatigue fracture wear under physiological water lubrication, fine ploughing and plastic deformation with human plasma lubrication. An analysis of nitrogen elements on the wear surface of UHMWPE indicated that the content of nitrogen in worn areas was 16 times higher than that in unworn areas, which proved that serum protein deposition occurred on worn areas.     

45号钢低温离子渗硫表面摩擦磨损的研究

对渗硫件与非渗硫件进行了摩擦磨损试验,给出了摩擦系数曲线、磨损曲线和磨损系数。试验表明:在强化表面上经渗硫处理的试件,具有较低的摩擦系数,较好的耐磨性能。