积分时滞对象的PID控制器设计

针对工业过程中常见的积分时滞对象,基于内模控制结构的设计原理,提出了一种PID控制器的解析设计方法。该方法通过引入闭环系统设定点低通滤波器来减少超调,从而达到二自由度控制;系统性能可通过单参数加以调节和优化。同时分析了系统的标称性能和鲁棒稳定性。最后通过仿真实例验证了控制方案的有效性。     

基于内模法的PID控制器自整定算法

为解决传统工业控制中比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器参数整定的问题,提出了一种基于内模法(IMC)以及系统辨识的控制器参数确定算法。该方法首先利用被控过程在开环阶跃信号激励下,输入与暂态输出的对应关系,将被控对象辨识为一阶加滞后(FOPDT)或二阶加时滞(SOPDT)的模型;再利用IMC算法确定控制器的参数。对于在内模法中引入的滤波器参数λ的确定问题,提出通过引入γ和σ两个参数,并与输出误差的平方建立关系来确定λ 的方法。仿真显示,对于输出误差绝对值之和(IAE)这个指标,该种算法与传统基于IMC的PID控制算法相比,在无输入扰动时可提高20%左右,在有输入扰动时可提高10%左右。仿真结果表明:在用单位阶跃信号激励系统时,提出的整定方法在保证了系统鲁棒性的前提下,提高了系统的瞬态响应速度,并有效抑制了系统输出的超调。     

Enhanced design of cascade control systems for unstable processes with time delay

In this paper, optimal H₂ internal model controller (IMC) is designed for control of unstable cascade processes with time delays. The proposed control structure consists of two controllers in which inner loop controller (secondary controller) is designed using IMC principles. The primary controller (master controller) is designed as a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) in series with a lead-lag filter based on IMC scheme using optimal H₂ minimisation. Selection of tuning parameter is important in any IMC based design and in the present work, maximum sensitivity is used for systematic selection of the primary loop tuning parameter. Simulation studies have been carried out on various unstable cascade processes. The present method provides significant improvement when compared to the recently reported methods in the literature particularly for disturbance rejection. The present method also provides robust closed loop performances for large uncertainties in the process parameters. Quantitative comparison has been carried out by considering integral of absolute error (IAE) and total variation (TV) as performance indices.     

基于模糊自整定PID的主汽温串级控制系统的设计

火电厂主汽温具有大惯性、大迟延和时变特性等特性,采用常规的PID串级控制难以获得满意的控制效果.为此,提出一种基于模糊自整定PID控制器的串级控制系统,该系统将模糊控制、PID控制和串级控制三者有机地相结合,提高了主汽温控制系统的控制品质.仿真结果表明：系统超调量、调节时间和抗干扰能力明显优于常规的PID串级控制.     

计及时滞的互联电网负荷频率控制最优分数阶PID控制器设计

分数阶PID控制器相比于传统整数阶PID控制器,具有控制性能好、鲁棒性强等诸多优势,可应用于电网的负荷频率控制(load frequency control,LFC)中.针对网络化时滞互联电网的LFC问题,提出了一种基于计算智能的分数阶PID控制器参数优化整定方案.该方案选择时滞LFC系统时域输出响应构建优化目标函数,采用最近提出的灰狼优化算法获得最优的分数阶PID控制器参数,所设计的控制器能确保一定时滞区间内LFC系统的稳定性.仿真算例表明,所设计的LFC最优分数阶PID控制器比传统整数阶PID控制器的控制性能更优,时滞鲁棒性更强.     

Single-loop controller design via IMC principles

In this paper, a new internal model control (IMC)-based single-loop controller design is proposed. The model reduction technique is employed to find the best single-loop controller approximation to the IMC controller. Compared with the existing IMC-based methods, the proposed design is applicable to a wider range of processes, and yields a control system closer to the IMC counterpart. It can be made automatic for on-line tuning. The users have the option to choose between PID and high-order controllers to suit the applications better. It turns out that high-order controllers may be necessary to achieve high performance for essentially high-order processes.     

并联机器人的非线性 P I D 控制

采用分散控制策略和非线性PID控制算法，实现6自由度并联机器人的商精度轨迹最踪控制。该非线性PID控制器由两个二阶非线性微分最踪器提供高质量的微分信号，并采用非线性组合形成控制作用，从而确保了高控制性能的实现。实验结果验证了非线性控制方案的有效性。     

Virtual reference feedback tuning: a direct method for the design of feedback controllers

This paper considers the problem of designing a controller for an unknown plant based on input/output measurements. The new design method we propose is direct (no model identification of the plant is needed) and can be applied using a single set of data generated by the plant, with no need for specific experiments nor iterations. It is shown that the method searches for the global optimum of the design criterion and that, in the case of restricted complexity controller design, the achieved controller is a good approximation of the restricted complexity global optimal controller. A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the method.     

PID controller frequency-domain tuning for stable, integrating and unstable processes, including dead-time

In the present paper a new tuning procedure is proposed for the ideal PID controller in series with the first-order noise filter. It is based on the recently proposed extension of the Ziegler-Nichols frequency-domain dynamics characterization of a process G_p(s). Measured process characteristics are the ultimate frequency and ultimate gain, the angle of the tangent to the Nyquist curve of the process at the ultimate frequency, and G_p(0). For a large class of processes the same tuning formulae can be effectively applied to obtain closed-loop responses with predictable properties. Load disturbance step responses without the undershoot and reference step responses with negligible overshoot are obtained by analyzing a test batch consisting of stable, integrating and unstable processes, including dead-time and oscillatory dynamics. The proposed tuning makes possible to specify the desired sensitivity to the high frequency measurement noise and the desired maximum sensitivity. Comparison with the optimal ideal PID controller in series with the first-order noise filter is presented and discussed. The extension of the proposed method to the PI controller tuning is direct. Comparison with the optimal PI controller is presented and discussed.     

预测-PID串级控制在发酵过程中的应用

本文介绍一种用动态矩阵预测-PID串级控制在抗生素发酵过程中的应用。阐明了系统的控制策略和控制算法。系统具有良好的跟踪性和鲁棒性。     

一种基于DMC的新型预测PID控制器及其整定(英文)

本文提出一种基于动态矩阵控制(DMC)算法预测特性的新型PID控制方法.在考虑将来的输出期望偏差罚函数最小的前提下,由DMC计算出控制变量的值.继而构造基于DMC的预估器用以预测将来时刻的系统输出.根据将来时刻的多步预测偏差,PID控制器产生当前时刻的实际控制增量.文中也给出了基于DMC的预估器及PID控制器的参数整定方法.仿真结果表明,与常规的PID控制和DMC控制相比,所提方法具有良好的控制性能,扰动抑制尤其优良.     

时滞系统PID控制器内模整定方法的扩展

基于内模控制（ＩＭＣ）的ＰＩＤ控制器设计方法只有一个整定参数，其整定参数直接与闭环响应速度和控制回路的鲁棒性有关。对于时滞系统，如果使用非对称的二阶Ｐａｄｅ近似代替，则能导出一个简单的二阶控制器形式，而不会使控制器变得复杂，并且模型匹配和控制器整定将获得有意义的改善，特别是对时滞较大的系统。     

Gain-scheduled PID controller design

Gain scheduling (GS) is one of the most popular approaches to nonlinear control design and it is known that GS controllers have a better performance than robust ones. Following the terminology of control engineering, linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems are time-varying plants whose state space matrices are fixed functions of some vector of varying parameters. Our approach is based on considering that the LPV system, scheduling parameters and their derivatives with respect to time lie in a priori given hyper rectangles. To guarantee the performance we use the notion of guaranteed costs. The class of control structure includes centralized, decentralized fixed order output feedbacks like PID controller. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于幅值裕度和相位裕度的PID参数最优整定方法

给出一种基于幅值裕度和相位裕度的PID参数最优整定方法.首先,基于改进的D–分割法确定满足幅值裕度和相位裕度要求的控制参数稳定域,然后根据最大灵敏度函数、超调和调节时间定义控制器设计的目标函数,在所得到的控制参数稳定域中计算出一组最优的控制参数值.仿真结果表明,该整定方法能够保证闭环系统具有强鲁棒性、良好的跟踪性能和抗干扰性能.它不仅适用于稳定时滞对象,而且还适用不稳定时滞对象.     

迭代学习在PID控制中的应用

利用迭代学习过程记忆的期望控制、期望轨迹以及跟踪误差,提出了拟合控制系统的PID控制器参数的方法。用这种方法实现的PID控制器结构简单,作用于系统可获得较佳的动态特性和较强的鲁棒性。仿真实例表明了这种方法具有很好的可行性和实用性。     

基于SOPC的多通道智能PID控制器

针对传统的多通道数字PID控制器实时性较差的特点,本文提出一种利用FPGA技术实现多通道PID控制器的硬件设计方案。并且采用模糊自整定方法对PID控制器参数进行实时调节,实现PID控制器的自适应功能。     

A direct method for multi-loop PI/PID controller design

Difficulties caused by the interactions are always encountered in the design of multi-loop control systems for MIMO processes. To overcome the difficulties, a multi-loop system is decomposed into a number of equivalent single loops for design. For each equivalent single loop, an effective open-loop process (EOP) is formulated without prior knowledge of controller dynamics in other loops, and, hence, controller can be designed directly and independently. Based on the derived EOPs, a model-based method aims at having reasonable gain margins (e.g. 2) and phase margins (e.g. ≈60°) are presented to derive multi-loop PI/PID controllers. This proposed method is formulated in details for the EOPs of 2-loop systems. Extension to higher dimensional systems needs further simplification and is illustrated with formulation for 3-loop systems. Simulation results show that this presented method is effective for square MIMO processes, especially, for low dimensional ones.     

Type-III closed loop control systems-Digital PID controller design

The problem of tuning digital PID controllers for type-III control loops is investigated in this work. Type-III control loops are capable of achieving perfect tracking of step, ramp and parabolic reference signals with zero steady state position, velocity and acceleration error. The proposed PID control law involves any dominant time constants of the process itself, and any parasitic dynamics introduced by both the process and the controller, i.e. time delays within the closed control system. The development of the proposed control law takes place in the frequency domain and basis of the theory is the principle of the Magnitude Optimum criterion. The final control law consists of closed form expressions which involve also the controller's sampling time T_s. The potential of the proposed theory is justified for the control of several benchmark process models throughout simulation examples. The affect of the choice of the controller's sampling time is investigated further to the step and frequency response of the control loop both for the output of the control loop and the controller's command signal.     

PID控制器的解析法整定及其MATLAB实现

本文介绍了PID控制器的解析法整定，用MATLAB编写了函数analpid，调用该函数，就可以整定出PID控制器的参数，最后以实例介绍了用MATLAB实现PID控制器的解析法整定的详细过程。