积分时滞对象的PID控制器设计

针对工业过程中常见的积分时滞对象,基于内模控制结构的设计原理,提出了一种PID控制器的解析设计方法。该方法通过引入闭环系统设定点低通滤波器来减少超调,从而达到二自由度控制;系统性能可通过单参数加以调节和优化。同时分析了系统的标称性能和鲁棒稳定性。最后通过仿真实例验证了控制方案的有效性。     

时滞系统PID控制器内模整定方法的扩展

基于内模控制（ＩＭＣ）的ＰＩＤ控制器设计方法只有一个整定参数，其整定参数直接与闭环响应速度和控制回路的鲁棒性有关。对于时滞系统，如果使用非对称的二阶Ｐａｄｅ近似代替，则能导出一个简单的二阶控制器形式，而不会使控制器变得复杂，并且模型匹配和控制器整定将获得有意义的改善，特别是对时滞较大的系统。     

Virtual reference feedback tuning: a direct method for the design of feedback controllers

This paper considers the problem of designing a controller for an unknown plant based on input/output measurements. The new design method we propose is direct (no model identification of the plant is needed) and can be applied using a single set of data generated by the plant, with no need for specific experiments nor iterations. It is shown that the method searches for the global optimum of the design criterion and that, in the case of restricted complexity controller design, the achieved controller is a good approximation of the restricted complexity global optimal controller. A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the method.     

一种改进的针对线性时不变单输入单输出系统的PID控制器

本文提出了一种提高PID控制器的稳定范围和控制精度的改进方法,即通过改变PID控制器的积分项结构,并给出了二阶系统控制对象达到渐进稳定时的相关参数方程。最后采用Ziegler-Nichols参数整定法对改进后的PID控制器和常规PID控制器进行了仿真,仿真结果表明控制效果明显提高。     

COMMENTS ON «TUNING RULES FOR THE PID CONTROLLER USING A DMC STRATEGY»

It is pointed out that the tuning rules for under damped system and non‐minimum phase system that given by Haeri is incorrect.     

Single-loop controller design via IMC principles

In this paper, a new internal model control (IMC)-based single-loop controller design is proposed. The model reduction technique is employed to find the best single-loop controller approximation to the IMC controller. Compared with the existing IMC-based methods, the proposed design is applicable to a wider range of processes, and yields a control system closer to the IMC counterpart. It can be made automatic for on-line tuning. The users have the option to choose between PID and high-order controllers to suit the applications better. It turns out that high-order controllers may be necessary to achieve high performance for essentially high-order processes.     

改进的锅炉蒸汽温度优化控制模型及应用

PID控制是最早发展起来的控制策略之一,由于其算法简单、可靠性高和对模型依赖程度小,被广泛应用于工业过程中.基于PID的锅炉蒸汽串级调节也广泛应用于各种蒸汽发电控制系统中.然而,传统的蒸汽温度串级调节模型存在对工况变化适用差、系统中优化参数难于确定等缺陷.文中提出了一种改进的锅炉主蒸汽调节模型,在模型中引入了蒸汽温度实际值与设定值之差的非线性变换项,同时建立了系统模型参数的最优控制目标函数.该方法成功应用于某钢厂干熄焦控制系统的主蒸汽温度调控中,并取得了良好的控制效果.     

Wiener-Hopf design of the optimal decoupling control system with state-space formulas

The optimal decoupling controller minimizing a given quadratic cost function is derived for the generalized plant model with two-degree-of-freedom controller configuration. A minimal set of assumptions for the existence of the optimal controller is presented in both the frequency and the state-space domains. The optimal controller formula is described in the frequency domain and the corresponding state-space formula is derived for computational efficiency.     

Maximum sensitivity based fractional IMC–PID controller design for non-integer order system with time delay

A simple approach with a small number of tuning parameters is a key goal in fractional order controller design. Recently there have been a number of limited attempts to bring about improvements in these areas. In this paper, a new design method for a fractional order PID controller based on internal model control (IMC) is proposed to handle non-integer order systems with time delay. In order to reduce the number of tuning parameters and mitigate the impact of time delay, the fractional order internal model control scheme is used. Considering the robustness of the control system with respect to process variations and model uncertainty, maximum sensitivity is applied to the tuning of the parameters. The resulting controller has the structure of a fractional order PID which is cascaded with a filter. This is named a fractional IMC–PID controller. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency of the proposed controller.     

数字式PID控制器在驾驶舱温度自动调节系统中的应用研究

针对目前飞机驾驶舱温度调节系统存在的固有缺陷,提出了数字式温度自动调节系统的设计方案,即首先设计出数字式PID温度控制器,然后采用串级控制的方式将其应用于飞机的驾驶舱温度调节系统.实验结果表明,该设计方案是合理的.     

PID controller frequency-domain tuning for stable, integrating and unstable processes, including dead-time

In the present paper a new tuning procedure is proposed for the ideal PID controller in series with the first-order noise filter. It is based on the recently proposed extension of the Ziegler-Nichols frequency-domain dynamics characterization of a process G_p(s). Measured process characteristics are the ultimate frequency and ultimate gain, the angle of the tangent to the Nyquist curve of the process at the ultimate frequency, and G_p(0). For a large class of processes the same tuning formulae can be effectively applied to obtain closed-loop responses with predictable properties. Load disturbance step responses without the undershoot and reference step responses with negligible overshoot are obtained by analyzing a test batch consisting of stable, integrating and unstable processes, including dead-time and oscillatory dynamics. The proposed tuning makes possible to specify the desired sensitivity to the high frequency measurement noise and the desired maximum sensitivity. Comparison with the optimal ideal PID controller in series with the first-order noise filter is presented and discussed. The extension of the proposed method to the PI controller tuning is direct. Comparison with the optimal PI controller is presented and discussed.     

一种基于DMC的新型预测PID控制器及其整定

本文提出一种基于动态矩阵控制(DMC)算法预测特性的新型PID控制方法.在考虑将来的输出期望偏差罚函数最小的前提下,由DMC计算出控制变量的值.继而构造基于DMC的预估器用以预测将来时刻的系统输出.根据将来时刻的多步预测偏差,PID控制器产生当前时刻的实际控制增量.文中也给出了基于DMC的预估器及PID控制器的参数整定方法.仿真结果表明,与常规的PID控制和DMC控制相比,所提方法具有良好的控制性能,扰动抑制尤其优良.     

氯乙酸生产结晶过程预热水温度的内模控制及仿真

针对氯乙酸生产结晶过程被控对象大滞后、大惯性的特点,采用先进的内模控制策略对其进行控制.仿真表明,模型参数变化时,在控制系统稳定性、鲁棒性和抗干扰性等综合性能方面,内模控制比PID控制具有明显的优越性.     

基于模糊自整定PID的主汽温串级控制系统的设计

火电厂主汽温具有大惯性、大迟延和时变特性等特性,采用常规的PID串级控制难以获得满意的控制效果.为此,提出一种基于模糊自整定PID控制器的串级控制系统,该系统将模糊控制、PID控制和串级控制三者有机地相结合,提高了主汽温控制系统的控制品质.仿真结果表明：系统超调量、调节时间和抗干扰能力明显优于常规的PID串级控制.     

基于内模PID控制的火电厂主汽温控制系统

基于内模控制理论,针对电厂主汽温被控对象的大惯性、大滞后特点．设计了内模PID串级控制系统。为了快速消除内扰,使控制过程的的持续时间较短．内回路采用比例控制;外回路采用内模控制．以有效地补偿对象的大滞后特性。对控制系统进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明设计的控制器具有良好的位置跟随性能、抗干扰性能和鲁棒性。     

时滞系统的IMC-IMC串级控制

针对一类含大时滞且对抗扰性有严格要求的系统,结合内模控制(IMC)对大时滞系统的控制优越性和串级控制良好的抗扰性,提出IMC-IMC串级控制方法,将两个IMC结构引入串级控制系统中,主要扰动包含在副回路,两个内模控制器分别调节系统的跟踪和抗扰性能.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法对于大时滞系统同时具备良好的跟踪和抗扰性能.     

Restricted Structure Control Loop Performance Assessment For Pid Controllers And State‐Space Systems

A novel H₂ optimal control performance assessment and benchmarking problem is considered for discrete‐time state‐space multivariable systems, where the structure of the controller is assumed to be fixed apriori. The controller structure may be specified to be of PID, reduced order, or lead/lag forms. The theoretical problem considered is to represent the state‐space model in discrete polynomial matrix form and to then obtain the causal, stabilising, controller, of a prespecified form, that minimises an H₂ criterion. This then provides the performance measure against which other controllers can be judged. The underlying practical problem of importance is to obtain a simple method of performance assessment and benchmarking low order controllers. The main theoretical step is to derive a simpler cost‐minimization problem whose solution can provide both the full order and restricted structure (PID) optimal benchmark cost values. This problem involves the introduction of spectral factor and diophantine equations and is solved via a Wiener type of cost‐function expansion and simplification. The numerical solution of this problem is straightforward and involves approximating the simplified integral criterion by a fixed number of frequency points. The main benchmarking theorem applies to multivariable systems that may be unstable, non‐minimum phase and non‐square.