高分子聚合物在抗菌、防污涂料方面的应用

随着我国经济水平的不断提高,在科学技术也领域取得了令人瞩目的突破性进展。在科学技术飞速发展的过程中,科学家们对高分子聚合物的应用性研究也在不断深入。在对高分子聚合物的研究中,发现高分子聚合物在抗菌和防污涂料方面有良好的效果。因此,根据我国高分子聚合物的研究进展,对其在抗菌和防污涂料方面的应用进行了探讨。     

溶解度参数的测定和计算

一、引言在橡胶、塑料、纤维、粘合剂和涂料等生产过程中,无论是高分子在低分子里溶解,或是低分子使高分子增塑,我们都要遇到互溶性的问题。互溶性的好坏往往对高分子材料的加工及产品性能都有很大影响。聚合物的溶解度取决于聚合物—溶剂、聚合物—聚合物和溶剂—溶剂分子之间三种次价力相对数值的大小。那么如何判断互溶性的好坏呢?通常可以用“结构相似互溶”这一经     

KS—82型建筑涂料

KS—82型无机高分子建筑涂料是国内新型建筑饰面材料,它以KSL硅溶胶为主要成膜物,以适量有机高分子乳液为辅助成膜物,并加入一定量的颜料、填料及助剂等组成。实质是一种无机—有机复合涂料,因此既具有无机涂料的特长,又具有有机涂料的优点。该类涂料国外在七十年代后期开始投放市场,引起了建筑界和涂料界的重视。     

水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料的研究

基于水性防火涂料耐火性较差的问题,采用一种高性能乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚乳液为成膜物质,以聚磷酸铵、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺为主要膨胀阻燃体系,制备了水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料。采用正交设计试验方法,对阻燃体系中各组分的配比进行了优化。研究结果表明:聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺和季戊四醇按质量比11∶6∶4进行复配时,所得膨胀阻燃剂具有最佳的阻燃效果。并考察了一些高分子对涂料防火性能的影响,结果表明,高分子聚合物的加入对涂料有增稠效果。最终制备了一种防火性能佳的水性防火涂料,其各项理化性能及防火性能均达到GB 14907—2002的要求。     

新型高分子分散剂的合成技术及其在水性涂料中的应用

对水性涂料用分散剂的种类及作用机理进行了分析比较,对新型高分子聚合物类分散剂的受控合成技术及应用进行了综述。最后介绍了分散剂的常用表征手段以及在涂料中的性能测试方法。     

有机高分子阻尼涂料的研究进展

介绍了有机高分子阻尼涂料的阻尼机理以及阻尼性能评价的常用方法,如强迫非共振测试、玻璃化转变温度测试、隔声量测试、复合损耗因子测试等。重点阐述了阻尼涂料用高分子改性方法,包括高聚物的共聚、共混和互穿聚合物网络、超支化聚合物等,总结了国内外在阻尼高分子方面的发展状况,指出了现阶段阻尼涂料存在的问题;最后介绍了国内外有关噪声限制的几个技术参数,并给出了目前国内机车用阻尼涂料的通用技术标准。     

KS—82型无机高分子建筑涂料

一、前言近年来,无机高分子建筑涂料受到了涂料界、建筑界的广泛重视。其原因,一是这类涂料原料丰富,价廉,涂料生产工艺简单,施工过程中无毒无公害,符合当前世界性节省石油资源、防止公害的总趋势;二是这类涂料具有耐久、不燃、耐污染、快干和成膜温度低等特性,适合建筑业快速、省工的施工要求。本试验所研制的KS—82型无机高分子     

有机—无机复合乳液研究（Ⅲ）

5 有机—无机复合乳液技术发展乳胶涂料 新品种 乳胶涂料是以高分子乳液为成膜物质,加入各种颜、填料配制而成,由于有机—无机复合高分子乳液具有各种优异性能,故而可以配制成具有各种性能的乳胶涂料。现举例如下:5.1 超耐久性涂料 日本专利昭60—63262报道了一种超耐久性涂料组成物,是具有优良的通用性和疏水性的涂料。以丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯乳胶及含胶体二氧化硅的水性树脂组成物为涂层材料。在此涂层材料100重量份（固态重）中加入约10—100重量份的硅类反应型疏水剂,再在此混合物中以固态重为基准,加入300—1000重量的无机物而组成。专利中报道的使涂料具有疏水性所用的特定材料是具有反应基团的硅烷衍生物。其实例如下:     

美国威克斯教授来沪讲授涂料理论和涂料技术,获得良好反应

在中国科学技术协会的组织下,美国北达科他州立大学(North Dakota State University)高分子聚合物及涂料系主任蔡诺·W·威克斯(Zeno W,Wicks)教授于82年8月13日至18日由上海市化学化工学会高分子学组涂料专业组主持在上海科学会堂进行了涂料理论和涂料技术的讲学交流活动。讲学的主要内容包括丙烯酸共聚体和聚酯树脂的分子量分布、玻璃化温度、交联控制和溶剂对高固体涂     

反应性聚合物微凝胶的合成及应用

反应性聚合物微凝胶是一种具有反应活性、分子内交联的高分子,它具有优良的施工性能,涂膜的力学性能及耐久性也十分优异,主要应用于制备高档涂料或对涂料进行改性。本文着重介绍了反应性聚合微凝胶的合成方法及其在涂料改性方面的应用。     

刺激响应性聚合物的设计、合成及其应用研究新进展

介绍了研究刺激响应性聚合物的意义,针对水体系中的刺激响应性聚合物,介绍了近年来刺激响应性聚合物的设计与合成中的应用研究新进展,主要从3个方面进行阐述:①单一刺激响应性聚合物,包括温度、pH值、光、其他刺激响应性聚合物;②双重刺激响应性聚合物,包括温度-pH值、温度-光、温度-氧化还原刺激响应聚合物、pH值-氧化还原刺激响应聚合物;③多重刺激响应性聚合物,包括温度-光-pH值、温度-光-氧化还原、温度-pH值-CO₂刺激响应聚合物。着重评述了水体系中双重和多重刺激响应性聚合物的合成研究及应用。最后总结了多重刺激响应性聚合物应用研究的现状及问题,指出开发刺激响应性高度可控、灵敏度高、可逆性好的新型多重刺激响应性聚合物是未来的研究方向。     

模型聚合物的制备

本文对模型聚合物（包括线型均聚物以及远螯聚合物、嵌段聚合物、环状聚合物、树枝状聚合物等特征结构的聚合物）的制备方法进行综述,并着重讨论了活性聚合在模型聚合物制备中的应用     

Thermal and electrical properties of polyimides containing tricyclic fused rings

Polyimides containing a series of tricyclic fused rings were synthesized by polymerization of the tricyclic diamines with aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides. The thermal stability of a series of the polymers increased in the order of the thianthrene (SDP) containing polymers < the phenoxatiin (OSP) containing polymers < the dibenzo-p-dioxin (ODP) containing polymers. The polymers derived from 2,8-oriented tricyclic diamines showed somewhat lower glass transition temperature than those from 2,7-oriented diamines. The specific resistivity of the polymers decreased in the order of the SDP containing polymers > ODP containing polymers > OSP containing polymers. The kink temperatures in the temperature dependence curves of specific resistivity were in good agreement with the glass transition temperatures. The photoconductive properties of the polymers were measured using a surface type cell method.     

超支化聚合物接枝纳米SiO2的研究进展

超支化聚合物对提高纳米粒子在聚合物中的分散性及其界面结合强度具有优异的效果,在纳米粒子的改性中得到广泛应用。本文综述了不同超支化聚合物对纳米SiO2改性的研究现状,介绍了其改性后在聚合物中的应用效果,并指出了今后超支化聚合物改性纳米SiO2的研究方向。     

Synthesis of well-defined block copolymers and star-branched polymers by using terminal 1,3-butadiene functionalized polymers as reactive building blocks

Terminal 1,3-buadiene (Bd) functional polymers are stoichiometrically reacted with living anionic polymers in a monoaddition manner in THF at ?78 °C, but neither polymerization nor oligomerization occurs under the conditions. By utilizing this reactive but non-polymerizable character of the Bd function toward living anionic polymers, a variety of block copolymers and regular and asymmetric star-branched polymers were successfully synthesized. In these syntheses, the terminal Bd functionalized polymers work effectively as reactive building blocks, namely polymeric efficient linking agents, to construct such architectural polymers. Since all the polymer segments used for the syntheses were derived from living anionic polymers and the linking reactions quantitatively proceeded, the architectural polymers herein synthesized were well-defined in structure and were precisely controlled in chain length. A new protocol based on iterative approach by repeating a two reaction sequence involving linking reaction and re-introduction of Bd group was proposed and developed to successively synthesize asymmetric star-branched polymers up to a 6-arm ABCDEF type. The terminal Bd functionalized polymers were readily and quantitatively converted to anhydride or diepoxide functionalized polymers by Diels–Alder or oxidation reactions. Because of their high reactive termini, the resulting polymers are also usable as reactive building blocks to synthesize the core-functionalized star-branched polymers with carboxylic acids or hydroxyl groups. The reactions between terminal anhydride and amine functionalized polymers were carried out in bulk at 180 °C to examine the synthetic possibility of star-branched polymers under such conditions.     

Mercuriation and thalliation of polymers prepared using 2-vinylthiophene: Conversion of products into polymers containing thienylboronic acid residues

2-Vinylthiophene was homopolymerised and copolymerised with styrene and/or divinylbenzene using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The various polymeric products reacted smoothly with mercury(II) acetate or trifluoroacetate in tetrahydrofuran to give mercuriated polymers. Several of the polymers were treated with thallium(iii) trifluoroacetate in methylene chloride but the only polymer that was satisfactorily thalliated was the linear homopolymer, poly(vinylthiophene). Several of the mercuriated polymers were reacted with iodine to give polymers containing iodothiophene residues. Examples of mercuriated and thalliated polymers were reacted with borane to give polymer-supported organ-oboranes which, on treatment with water, gave polymers containing thienylboronic acid residues. It has been demonstrated that the latter polymers can serve as polymer-supported protecting groups for diols.     

Polymers containing the s-triazine ring. II. Synthesis of poly(s-triazinylenehydrazones)

Poly(2-methyl- or 2-phenyl-s-triazinylenehydrazones) were prepared both by dehyhydration of dihydrazino-s-triazines with terephthalaldehyde and by dehydrochlorination of dichloro-s-triazines with terephthalaldehyde dihydrazone. The structure of the polymers was confirmed by infrared spectrometry and elemental analyses in comparison with those of a model compound. Dehydration yielded soluble polymers, while the dehydrochlorination yielded insoluble polymers. Most of the polymers degraded at about 350°C, and the polymers of higher molecular weight showed better thermal stability. The thermal behavior of the polymers indicated that the phenyl-substituted polymers obtained by dehydrochlorination and the methyl-substituted polymers obtained by dehydration had a degree of polymerization similar to that of the phenyl-substituted polymers obtained by dehydration. The soluble polymers could form chelate polymers, these took two accelerated decomposition phases. The lower phase suggested a decomposition accelerated by a metal. The higher phase, in which the chelate polymers decomposed more rapidly at a higher temperature (above 400°C) than their ligand polymer, was related to the atomic number and the electro-negativity of the metals. The formation of decomposition products, guanamines and nitrile compounds, in all cases indicate the preferential scission of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds.     

星形聚合物的研究与应用进展

回顾了结构性能独特且应用颇为广泛的非线性星形聚合物研究现状;介绍了星形聚合物的特点、应用,以及通过活性聚合制备星形聚合物的不同合成方法,比较了各种合成方法的优缺点;综述了星形聚合物用作研究聚合物的支化模型、简化树形聚合物复杂的支化结构、获得聚合物支化信息的研究进展。     

Multi-step precipitation separation system using mixture of thermosensitive polymers

Summary Multi-step precipitation separation system was developed by using aqueous mixtures of some thermosensitive polymers. The following three polymers were used here; poly(N-n-propylacrylamide), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide). A mixture of the three polymers showed three endothermic peaks, and the peak top temperatures were almost consistent with that of the each polymer solution. The polymers were purified by thermal precipitation to obtain fractions which can respond in narrow temperature ranges prior to use. In the case of the precipitation separation of two polymers mixtures, purities of the obtained precipitate and supernatant fractions became high comparing with the case in which the unpurified polymers were used. Parts of the polymers which were not the precipitation targets were also precipitated by the separation procedures. This was caused not only by insolubilization of the non-targeted polymers due to their phase transitions but also by their non-specific entanglement with the targeted polymers. The purities of the fractions also improved when the difference of the phase transition temperature between two polymers was large enough to avoid the coprecipitation. In the case of the precipitation separation of mixtures of the three polymers, purities of each fraction also improved when the purified polymers were used.     

Organoiron Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes of Polyarylether-Imines

The synthesis of an aromatic ether complex of cyclopentadienyliron containing two terminal aldehyde groups was achieved via metal-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This dialdehyde monomer was subsequently reacted with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic diamines to produce the corresponding soluble cationic organoiron polyether-imines. These cationic organometallic polymers were characterized using IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR, viscosity and thermogravimetric analysis. Viscosity measurements showed that these polymers exhibited polyelectrolyte effects in DMSO solutions. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that decoordination of the iron moieties occurred at about 300°C for polymers with aliphatic spacers in their backbones, while the cyclopentadienyliron moieties were cleaved from the polymers with aromatic spacers in their backbones at about 200°C. Photolytic demetallation of the organoiron polymers resulted in the removal of the pendent cyclopentadienyliron moieties and allowed for the isolation of their organic analogs. While the organoiron polymers were soluble in polar organic solvents, the corresponding organic polymers exhibited very limited solubilities or were insoluble. The organic polymers had glass transition temperatures between 101 and 120°C