棕榈油碱催化制备生物柴油实验研究

用氢氧化钾作催化剂,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应时间对棕榈油和甲醇制备生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:反应温度40℃,催化剂用量0.6%,醇油摩尔比6∶1,反应时间2.0 h。此时,生物柴油产率可达97.82%。     

棕榈油碱催化制备生物柴油实验研究

用氢氧化钾作催化剂,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应时间对棕榈油和甲醇制备生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:反应温度40℃,催化剂用量0.6%,醇油摩尔比6∶1,反应时间2.0 h。此时,生物柴油产率可达97.82%。     

废弃油脂超临界法制备生物柴油研究

以废弃油脂为原料,利用超临界法制备生物柴油.通过单因素实验及正交实验研究了醇油摩尔比、反应压力、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素对生物柴油产率的影响.结果表明,在实验范围内各影响因素对生物柴油产率作用的大小依次为:反应温度>反应压力>催化剂用量>反应时间>醇油摩尔比.废弃油脂超临界法制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度240℃,反应压力10MPa,反应时间6min,催化剂用量0.06%,醇油摩尔比40/1.在此条件下,生物柴油产率达到99.37%.     

盐地碱蓬油制备生物柴油工艺条件研究

以盐地碱蓬油为原料制备生物柴油.通过正交实验研究了反应温度、催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应时间、搅拌强度等因素对生物柴油产率的影响.结果表明,在实验范围内各影响因素对生物柴油产率作用的大小依次为:搅拌强度>反应时间>催化剂用量>醇油摩尔比>反应温度.盐地碱蓬油制备生物柴油的最佳工艺参数为:搅拌强度为1 800 r/min,反应时间60min,催化剂KOH用量为盐地碱蓬油质量的1%,醇油摩尔比6/1,反应温度65℃.在该工艺条件下,生物柴油产率达到97.03%.     

碘催化合成生物柴油的研究

在单质碘的催化作用下,玉米油和甲醇反应合成生物柴油。考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂的用量和醇油摩尔比各单因素对生物柴油产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:反应时间为90min,反应温度为70℃,催化剂用量为玉米油质量的0.5%,醇油摩尔比为6:1,生物柴油产率为75.27%。     

微波辐射酸催化喜树种子油制备生物柴油工艺

研究了在微波辐射条件下硫酸催化酯交换反应转化喜树种子油制备生物柴油的工艺,同时采用HPLC分析了生物柴油产品中主要脂肪酸甲酯成分及其质量分数。通过实验考察了醇油摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂加入质量分数对反应的影响,并得出了在微波辐射下硫酸催化喜树种子油制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件:醇油摩尔比15∶1、微波辐射时间40 min、反应温度70℃、催化剂加入质量分数(与原料油)3%,转化率可达95%以上。结果表明,与传统硫酸催化酯交换反应相比,该方法具有催化剂加入质量分数少、反应温度低、时间短和转化率高等优点,对工业化制备生物柴油提供了科学参考价值。     

棕榈油制备生物柴油的工艺条件研究

介绍了以甲醇钠为催化剂,精制棕榈油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺过程.采用正交实验的方法研究得到酯交换反应的最佳工艺条件为:醇油摩尔比6∶1,催化剂甲醇钠的质量分数为0.5%,反应温度60℃,反应时间60min,收率达到96%.该工艺设备简单,工艺成熟,适于中小规模生产.     

负载型固体超强碱催化制备生物柴油

采用大豆油在负载型固体碱催化剂作用下与甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油,研究了醇油物质的量比、催化剂质量分数、反应时间、反应温度对反应产率的影响。     

硅钨酸在麻疯树油合成生物柴油中的应用研究

以麻疯树油与甲醇为原料,以硅钨酸为催化剂,通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考察了不同反应温度、反应时间、醇油摩尔比、催化剂质量分数等因素对生物柴油转化率的影响,并采用FT-IR和1H-NMR分别对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明：脱水后的硅钨酸具有较强的催化活性,其在反应温度为65℃、反应时间为3 h、醇油摩尔比为12∶1、催化剂质量分数为3.0%时,麻疯树油转化成生物柴油的转化率可达81.7%。     

Ce掺杂固体酸催化制取生物柴油的工艺优化及脂肪酸甲酯含量的测定

为优化SO₄^2-/Zr O₂-CeO₂-杭锦2^#土(SZCe-HJ)催化大豆油制取生物柴油的工艺，基于中心复合(Central Composite Design,CCD)试验设计方法，以反应温度(X₁)、醇油摩尔比(X₂)、催化剂质量分数(X₃)、反应时间(X₄)为自变量及生物柴油产率(Y)为响应值进行优化试验。将试验数据拟合建立了数学模型，该模型能够较准确地预测SZCe-HJ催化大豆油制取生物柴油的产率。结果表明，在反应温度为178℃、醇油摩尔比为30∶1、催化剂质量分数为3.06%、反应时间为6 h优化工艺条件下，生物柴油平均产率最高为62.92%。经气相色谱定量分析，生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯质量分数达到95.18%，符合使用标准。     

茶油精炼副产物皂脚制备生物柴油的研究

以茶油精炼副产物皂脚和甲醇为原料,NaOH为催化剂,经酯交换合成生物柴油,研究了工艺条件对皂脚合成生物柴油收率的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为:醇油摩尔比为5∶1,反应时间为30 min,反应温度为30℃,催化剂NaOH用量为油重的0.7%,反应收率为98.0%。     

Na/SiO2新型固体碱催化制备生物柴油的研究

以NaOH、正硅酸乙酯和乙醇为原料,经溶胶-凝胶法制备新型固体碱催化剂（Na/SiO₂）,用于催化大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油,研究催化剂焙烧温度、n(NaOH)∶n(SiO₂)、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)、催化剂用量和反应时间对产率的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,固体碱催化剂Na/SiO₂在大豆油与甲醇的酯交换反应中具有较高的催化活性,在催化剂焙烧温度600 ℃、n(NaOH)∶n(SiO₂)=2∶1、n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)=15∶1、催化剂用量为大豆油质量的7%和反应时间3 h的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯产率可达97.42%,催化剂在稳定性试验中呈现出优良的稳定性。     

固体碱催化黄连木籽油制备生物柴油

制备了K2CO3/Mg(A l)O固体碱催化剂,适宜制备条件为:K2CO3负载量30%、在700℃下焙烧4 h。用比表面积测定仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪对其进行了表征。以黄连木籽油为原料,开展了酯交换法制备生物柴油的研究,考察了主要影响因素:醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对酯交换反应的影响,得到的酯交换反应适宜条件为:以黄连木籽油0.01 mol计,醇油摩尔比12∶1、催化剂用量为黄连木籽油质量的4.0%、反应时间2.5 h、反应温度68℃。在该条件下生物柴油的收率可达99%以上。催化剂经4次循环使用,生物柴油收率仍可保持在96%以上。用FTIR1、HNMR对所制备的产品进行了表征,证明产品中含有饱和脂肪酸甲酯和不饱和脂肪酸甲酯。     

Potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon for transesterification of palm oil

In this study, potassium hydroxide catalyst supported on palm shell activated carbon was developed for transesterification of palm oil. The Central Composite Design (CCD) of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of reaction temperature, catalyst loading and methanol to oil molar ratio on the production of biodiesel using activated carbon supported catalyst. The highest yield was obtained at 64.1 °C reaction temperature, 30.3 wt.% catalyst loading and 24:1 methanol to oil molar ratio. The physical and chemical properties of the produced biodiesel met the standard specifications. This study proves that activated carbon supported potassium hydroxide is an effective catalyst for transesterification of palm oil.     

In-situ synthesis of MCM-41 on ceramic membranes and its application in transesterification as catalyst support for p-toluenesulfonic acid

In this study, a new kind of solid acid catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid/MCM-41/ceramic membrane was synthesized by in situ synthesis and impregnation method, which has shown its favorable catalytic activity, as verified in the transesterification and catalyst characterization. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The transesterification of palm oil and methanol results showed that p-toluenesulfonic acid/MCM-41/ceramic membrane had the highest catalytic activity with immersing p-toluenesulfonic acid solution concentration of 0.15 mol/L. Different operation parameters of the transesterification of palm oil with methanol, such as catalyst amount, catalytic mass ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature and methanol/palm oil molar ratio were investigated. Under the optimum conditions of 4 % of fresh catalyst (catalytic mass ratio is 4.37 %), 80 min of reaction time, reaction temperature of 120 °C and methanol to palm oil molar ratio of 12:1, a relatively high fatty acid methyl ester yield of 95.6 % was obtained.     

高酸值山苍籽核仁油合成生物柴油

以高酸值山苍籽核仁油(LCKO)为原料,采用二步法合成生物柴油(BD),即先用固体酸SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂进行酯化反应降低酸值,再用相转移催化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)/NaOH催化进行酯交换反应。酯化反应的最佳条件:质量分数4%的SO42-/ZrO2,醇油摩尔比10∶1,温度68℃,反应时间4h。原油酸值降到2.52mg/g;酯交换反应的最佳条件:温度25℃,质量分数0.5%的CTMAB,1%的NaOH,醇油摩尔比6∶1,反应15min。原油酯交换率达到97.6%。此工艺无酸化废水排放,不需耐酸设备,所需时间短,能耗少,成本低。以山苍籽核仁油为原料合成生物柴油,致力于找到一条经济的、绿色的生物柴油合成路线。     

Production of biodiesel from palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) using heterogeneous catalyst: An optimized process

Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the three important reaction variables — methanol/oil molar ratio (x₁), reaction time (x₂) and amount of catalyst (x₃) for production of biodiesel from palm oil using KF/ZnO catalyst. Based on the CCD, a quadratic model was developed to correlate the reaction variables to the biodiesel yield. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential factor on the experimental design response was identified. The predicted yield after process optimization was found to agree satisfactory with the experimental value. The optimum conditions for biodiesel production were found as follows: methanol/oil ratio of 11.43, reaction time of 9.72 h and catalyst amount of 5.52 wt%. The optimum biodiesel yield was 89.23%.     

Transesterification of the crude Jatropha curcas L. oil catalyzed by micro‐NaOH in supercritical and subcritical methanol

Transesterification of the crude Jatropha curcas L. oil catalyzed by micro‐NaOH in supercritical/subcritical methanol was studied. The effects of various reaction variables such as the catalyst content, reaction temperature, reaction pressure and the molar ratio of methanol to oil on the conversion of crude Jatropha curcas L. oil to biodiesel were investigated. The results showed that even micro‐NaOH could noticeably improve this reaction. When NaOH was added from 0.2 to 0.5 to 0.8 wt‐‰ of triacylglycerols, the transesterification rate increased sharply; when the catalyst content was further increased, the reaction rate was just poorly improved. It was observed that increasing the reaction temperature had a favorable influence on the methyl ester yield. For the molar ratio ranging from 18 to 36, the higher the molar ratio of methanol to oil was charged, the faster the transesterification rate seemed. At the fixed stirring rate of 400 rpm, when the catalyst content, reaction temperature, reaction pressure and the molar ratio of methanol to oil were developed at 0.8 wt‐‰ NaOH, 523 K, 7.0 MPa and 24 : 1, respectively, the methyl ester yield could reach 90.5% within 28 min. Further, the kinetics of this reaction was involved and the results showed that it was a pseudo‐first‐order reaction whose apparent activation energy was 84.1 kJ/mol, and the pre‐exponential factor was 2.21×10⁵.     

Dolomite as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of canola oil

In this study, the catalytic activity of dolomite was evaluated for the transesterification of canola oil with methanol to biodiesel in a heterogeneous system. The influence of the calcination temperature of the catalyst and the reaction variables such as the temperature, catalyst amount, methanol/canola oil molar ratio, and time in biodiesel production were investigated. The maximum activity was obtained with the catalyst calcined at 850 °C. When the reaction was carried out at reflux of methanol, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to canola oil and a catalyst amount of 3 wt.% the highest FAME yield of 91.78% was obtained after 3 h of reaction time.     

Feasibility of Palm Oil as the Feedstock for Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Transesterification

The production of biodiesel has become popular recently as a result of increasing demand for a clean, safe and renewable energy. Biodiesel is made from natural renewable sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. The conventional method of producing biodiesel is by reacting vegetable oil with alcohol in the presence of a homogenous catalyst (NaOH). However, this conventional method has some limitations such as the formation of soap, usage of significant quantities of wash water and complicated separation processes. Heterogeneous processes using solid catalysts have significant advantages over homogenous methods. Currently, more than 90 % of world biodiesel is produced using rapeseed oil. The production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil is considered uneconomical, considering the fact that palm oil is currently the world's cheapest vegetable oil. Therefore, the focus of this study is to show the feasibility of producing biodiesel from palm oil using montmorillonite KSF as a heterogeneous catalyst. The heterogeneous transesterification process was studied using design of experiment (DOE), specifically response surface methodology (RSM) based on a four‐variable central composite design (CCD) with α = 2. The transesterification process variables were reaction temperature, x₁ (50–190 °C), reaction period, x₂ (60–300 min), methanol/oil ratio, x₃ (4–12 mol mol^–1) and the amount of catalyst, x₄ (1–5 wt %). It was found that the conversion of palm oil to biodiesel can reach up to 78.7 % using the following reaction conditions: reaction temperature of 155 °C, reaction period of 120 min, ratio of methanol/oil at 10:1 mol mol^–1 and amount of catalyst at 4 wt %. From this study, it was shown that montmorillonite KSF catalyst can be used as a solid catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil.