防屈曲支撑角部节点板与钢框架的相互作用效应

防屈曲支撑是一种高效稳定的耗能减震装置,其与框架结构一般通过焊接节点板形式连接。目前节点板连接设计方法仅考虑支撑轴力的影响,并没有直接考虑框架开合效应(梁柱在水平地震力下产生的张开/闭合变形)的不利作用,导致焊接节点板在连接处提前发生开裂。通过有限元模拟的方法,同时考虑开合效应和支撑轴力的共同影响,对防屈曲支撑钢框架与角部节点板连接的相互作用进行研究。有限元模型共5组,主要参数包括节点板尺寸、节点板与框架的连接形式以及节点板是否设置自由边加劲肋。在连接形式方面,提出了一种可减小开合效应不利影响的新型可滑移螺栓连接节点板,并与传统焊接节点板的受力性能进行比较。分析结果表明,平面尺寸较小的焊接节点板对结构的抗侧刚度影响最小,可减小设置防屈曲支撑的子框架所分担的地震剪力,相应的节点板受力性能也优于平面尺寸较大的焊接节点板|在焊接节点板上设置自由边加劲肋并不能明显改善其受力性能|所提出的新型可滑移螺栓连接节点板可有效减小节点板对结构刚度的影响,以及框架开合效应对节点板的不利影响,是一种在消能钢框架支撑体系中具有应用前景的新型节点板连接。     

Evaluation of buckling-restrained braced frame seismic performance considering reserve strength

Buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) systems are used extensively for resisting lateral forces in high seismic regions of the United States. Numerical and large-scale experimental studies of BRBFs have shown predictable seismic performance with robust ductility and energy dissipation capacity. However, the low post-yield stiffness of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) may cause BRBFs to exhibit large maximum and residual drifts and allow the formation of soft stories. Thus, reserve strength provided by other elements in the lateral-force-resisting system is critical to improving seismic performance of BRBFs. This reserve strength can be provided in two primary ways: (1) moment-resisting connections within the BRBF and (2) a steel special moment-resisting frame (SMRF) in parallel with the BRBF to create a dual system configuration. These two approaches to providing reserve strength can be used together or separately, leading to a variety of potential system configurations. In addition, special attention must be given to the connections within the BRBF since moment-resisting connections have been observed experimentally to limit drift capacity due to undesirable connection-related failure modes. This paper presents nonlinear dynamic analysis results and evaluates performance of BRBF and BRBF-SMRF systems using moment-resisting and non-moment-resisting beam-column connections within the BRBF. Reserve strength is shown to play a critical role in seismic behavior and performance of BRBFs.     

A balanced design procedure for special concentrically braced frame connections

Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are stiff, strong structures that are suitable for resisting large lateral loads. Special CBFs (SCBF) are used for seismic design and are designed and detailed to sustain relatively large inelastic deformations without significant deterioration in resistance. Current AISC Seismic Design Provisions aim to ensure the brace sustains the required inelastic action, but recent research showed that current SCBF design requirements lead to variable seismic performance, unintended failure modes, and limited deformation capacity. To improve the seismic response of SCBFs, a balanced design procedure was proposed. The premise of the design methodology is to balance the primary yield mechanism, brace buckling and yielding, with other, complementary ductile yielding mechanisms, such as gusset plate yielding. This balance process maximizes ductile yielding in the frame thereby maximizing the drift capacity of the frame. Further, the undesirable failure modes are balanced with the yield mechanisms and the preferred failure mode, brace fracture, to ensure that the frame fails in the desired manner. To achieve the objectives of the design methodology namely maximum drift capacity, and adherence to a desired yield and failure hierarchy, rational resistance checks and appropriate balance factors (β factors) are used to balance each yield mechanism and failure mode. These factors were developed, validated, and refined using the measured results from an extensive test program. An SCBF connection design example to illustrate the application of the balanced design method and to demonstrate differences from the current AISC design method is presented in an appendix.     

滑移连接的防屈曲支撑RC框架节点抗震性能试验研究

防屈曲支撑(BRB)与框架之间采用的传统焊接节点会约束梁柱开合变形,在强震作用下易使框架先于支撑发生破坏。为释放传统焊接节点对梁柱的刚性约束,提出滑移连接的BRB框架节点,通过对预埋入混凝土内部的连接钢板表面进行无黏结处理,以抗拔不抗剪的方式传递BRB轴力。在滑移节点的工作原理、设计方法和施工流程基础上,对2个基于滑移连接的足尺BRB-框架梁柱组合体开展拟静力试验研究,并与1个传统焊接节点的破坏模式、滞回性能和节点应力进行比较。试验结果表明:当层间位移角达到1/33时,滑移节点的层剪力与传统焊接节点相比降低了34%,有效避免了框架发生剪切破坏;滑移节点的应力水平显著焊接节点的显著降低;在滑移节点与框架梁端设置的附加纵筋可更有效地减小节点区的开合效应和发挥BRB的耗能作用;滑移节点中BRB的滞回性能与传统节点的滞回性能接近。     

Cyclic behavior studies on I-section inverted V-braces and their gusset plate connections

Inverted V-braces and their central gusset plate connections are popular patterns of brace arrangements for special concentrically braced frames (SCBF). To improve the understanding of their seismic performances and promote their applications in seismic designs, the hysteretic behavior of nine I-section inverted V-braces and their gusset plate connections subject to inelastic cyclic loading is examined through experiments and analytical simulations. It is found that the clearance at the brace end on the gusset plate, the locations of the intersection point of bracing members, and the ratio of the free edge length to the gusset plate thickness are the key parameters. The loading capacities of braced frames show no decrease before the brace low-cycle fatigue fracture, but a longer plateau at a lower load level exists in the hysteretic loops. Although specimens with a linear clearance exhibit better seismic behaviors, a negative clearance is also acceptable as long as the gusset plate does not fracture prior to the braces. A brace intersection point with moderate eccentricity is preferable for its better behavior and its economical dimension of the gusset plate, but the brace point location in the gusset plate could induce out-of-plane deformations in the gusset plate and cause the system ductility to deteriorate. Based upon test results, a suggested limitation of the ratio of the free edge length to thickness for the gusset plates is presented.     

Compressive behavior of dual-gusset-plate connections for buckling-restrained braced frames

This work conducts compression tests and finite element analyses for steel dual-gusset-plate connections used for buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs). Compared to a single-gusset-plate connection, dual gusset plates sandwiching a BRB core reduce gusset plate size, eliminate the need for splice plates, and enhance connection stability under compression. The experimental program investigated ultimate compression load by testing ten large dual-gusset-plate connections. Out-of-plane deformation of the gusset plate in the test resembled that of a buckled gusset plate with low bending rigidity provided by the BRB end. The general-purpose nonlinear finite element analysis program ABAQUS was applied for correlation analysis. A parametric study of the dual-gusset-plate connection was performed to study the effects of plate size, presence of centerline stiffeners, and beam and column boundaries on ultimate compression load. The ultimate compression load of the dual-gusset-plate connection could not be predicted based on the AISC-LRFD approach due to beam flange out-of-plane deformation. The ultimate compression load of the dual-gusset-plate connection was reasonably predicted using a column strip length from the Whitmore section to the workpoint of the beam and column centerlines and a buckling coefficient of K = 2.     

管板连接轴心受压构件极限承载力试验研究

对5个管板连接构件进行了受压极限承载力试验研究和非线性有限元分析。试验表明,未补强的试件GPC-1,GPC-3和用钢板补强的试件GPC-4,GPC-5的破坏模式均为试件的整体失稳,用焊接空心球补强的试件GPC-2的破坏模式为钢管的局部屈曲。试验结果与有限元计算结果基本吻合。实际工程中应用管板连接构件作为受压构件时,必须加强构件弱轴的刚度,以避免整体失稳破坏,而采用焊接空心球补强是一种有效的方法。     

Effect of gusset connection configurations on frame–gusset interaction in steel buckling‐restrained braced frame

Although buckling restrained braces (BRBs) are commonly applied in seismic buildings to mitigate structural damage, their performance was often limited by rupture of the corner gusset connections due to additional frame action. This issue may be resolved by alternative gusset connections to mitigate the frame–gusset interaction. In this study, commonly used procedures for design of the traditional gusset connection are reviewed, followed by a case study on the effect of frame action on the structural behavior of these gusset connections in steel frames with BRBs. Inspired by these analysis, two different strategies, aiming at releasing frame–gusset shear interaction using sliding gusset connection or reducing normal interaction using dual gusset plates, are tried to mitigate the frame action effects. Finite element analysis is conducted on steel frame subassemblages with/without BRBs to examine the effect of different gusset connections on the structural behavior of these framing systems. It shows that the sliding gusset connection shows beneficial effect in reducing the frame action, having much smaller stress responses on the gusset interfaces, as well as smaller shear force and plastic responses on the framing system. Thus, it becomes a promising gusset connection for improved seismic performance of the steel framing system with brace‐type dampers.     

大震下防屈曲支撑钢框架弹塑性位移统计规律

通过600个弹塑性时程分析,统计了防屈曲支撑钢框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的顶层与最大层间弹塑性位移分布规律,为该结构体系的性能化抗震可靠度设计提供了参考。     

防屈曲支撑钢框架结构中被撑柱抗震设计探讨

通过3个算例,对采用人字形和V字形的无粘结内藏钢板支撑剪力墙(即人字形和V字形防屈曲支撑)的防屈曲支撑钢框架结构的抗震性能进行分析。重点考察大震下,支撑的轴力分布和对被撑柱所受轴力的影响。分析表明,采用结构在一阶振型下的支撑轴力分布来设计被撑柱的做法,适用于多层的防屈曲支撑钢框架结构;而对于高层的防屈曲支撑钢框架结构,高振型影响较显著,上述设计方法对被撑柱的设计较保守,有必要考虑高振型参与下的支撑轴力分布来设计被撑柱。     

含有屈曲约束支撑平面框架的抗震性能试验研究

为了研究含有屈曲约束支撑结构的抗震性能,对含有屈曲约束支撑和普通支撑的平面框架进行了试验研究。结合试件破坏现象及试验结果,对屈曲约束支撑的力学性能、破坏机理以及作用效果进行了分析探讨。同时,还对试验过程进行了数值模拟分析。试验及理论分析结果表明:与含普通支撑框架相比,含屈曲约束支撑的框架在提高承载力的同时,还具有更稳定的耗能能力;经过适当的设计,可以使屈曲约束支撑先于主体结构进入弹塑性状态,提高结构的抗震性能。     

屈曲约束支撑与钢框架节点板连接的抗震性能#br# 试验与分析研究

屈曲约束支撑作为耗能减震构件,其与钢框架连接形成屈曲约束支撑钢框架结构体系。然而目前对于屈曲约束支撑与节点板不同连接形式的抗震性能和破坏模式尚缺乏研究。为了获悉不同连接形式对屈曲约束支撑钢框架结构抗震性能和破坏机理的影响,进行5榀屈曲约束支撑与钢框架节点板连接试件的水平低周往复荷载试验,观察试验现象和破坏特征,考察屈曲约束支撑与节点板两端采用销轴连接、螺栓连接、焊接连接和混合连接对钢结构抗震性能的影响,研究屈曲约束支撑与钢框架节点板连接试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性系数、刚度退化、耗能能力等抗震性能指标,探讨屈曲约束支撑与钢框架节点板转动变形和关键部位的应变规律,分析结构的破坏模式和各构件屈服顺序。结果表明：屈曲约束支撑的芯板先于梁、柱和节点板屈服,试件滞回曲线饱满,表现出良好的抗震性能和延性。文章研究成果以期为屈曲约束支撑钢框架结构设计和应用提供科学依据。     

管板连接轴心受拉构件极限承载力试验研究

对6个管板连接构件进行了受拉极限承载力试验研究和有限元分析。试验表明,试件的破坏均为长槽孔末端钢管横截面被拉断,其中,用板补强的试件GPT-3和GPT-6在破坏前钢管出现了明显的颈缩。分析表明,试验结果和有限元分析结果吻合良好,现行美国规范(ANSI/AISC 360-05)和加拿大规范(CAN/CSA-S16-01)中未补强的管板连接受拉承载力设计公式安全适用。研究表明,管板连接构件在受拉过程中,剪切滞后现象非常严重;长槽孔末端绕焊的焊缝质量对构件的受拉极限承载力有很大的影响。     

新型墙板内置无黏结支撑钢框架滞回性能试验研究

通过墙板内置无黏结支撑钢框架结构的拟静力试验研究,考察了墙板内置支撑的构造、支撑与钢框架的连接、梁柱节点形式与节点区加强方式等对其滞回性能的影响。试验表明,总体上,采用组合墙板和组装墙板的两种新型墙板内置支撑均具有良好的延性,墙板无破坏时支撑的轴向累积非弹性变形能力均满足要求。钢板支撑端部焊接加劲肋后再与钢框架直接焊接连接是可行的,梁柱节点刚接时加强梁端的构造使钢框架和支撑均有稳定的受力性能。梁柱铰接节点因承受面内弯矩而使角钢出现裂纹并受拉断裂。支撑和钢框架分别在层间侧移角约1/355和1/75时进入屈服。总体上,梁柱铰接和刚接的结构在破坏前骨架曲线分别呈双折线和三折线。梁柱刚接的结构中,钢梁翼缘在侧移角约1/50时出现局部屈曲,并在随后更大幅值加载下出现裂纹和受拉断裂。试件最终因局部钢构件的断裂而破坏,破坏时侧移角远大于1/50,破坏前结构的滞回性能较稳定。     

大型钢支撑框排架结构火电厂的弹塑性分析

对既有火电厂房弹塑性分析的方法与不足进行了讨论。基于某钢支撑框排架火电厂房结构,应用Perform3D进行弹塑性时程分析。通过分析结构在中震和大震作用下的弹塑性动力响应,进一步了解了复杂火电厂房的抗震性能,并且验证了支撑框排架火电厂房建模考虑支撑屈曲的重要性,得出了若干有益结论。     

高层偏心支撑钢框架弹塑性地震反应分析

偏心支撑框架与纯框架相比,有更大的抗侧移刚度及极限承载力,与中心支撑框架相比,可有效地降低地震作用.国内外学者对偏心支撑性能做了较多研究,但实际工程中鲜有应用,我国现有钢结构建筑大多为中心支撑框架或纯框架,结合一工程实例,对高层偏心支撑钢框架进行弹塑性时程分析和抗震性能研究.     

大型火电厂钢结构主厂房铰接中心支撑框架体系的振动台试验研究

为获得铰接中心支撑框架结构体系的抗震性能,以位于抗震设防烈度8度区的某大型火电厂钢结构主厂房横向最不利一榀的煤仓间部分为原型,按1∶12缩尺比例设计制作了试验模型,并对其进行了14种地震工况下的模拟地震作用振动台试验。得到了模型结构的动力特性、阻尼比及其在8度多遇、基本和罕遇烈度下的加速度和位移响应等。结果表明:8度多遇地震作用前后结构第1阶频率为4.59Hz,8度罕遇地震作用后,第1阶频率减小为4.40Hz,但梁柱仍然完好,仅有个别支撑和节点板出现了微小的平面外变形。依据试验与有限元分析结果,推算出试验原型结构在三种地震(E l Centro、CholamShandon、人工地震)的多遇烈度以及人工地震的罕遇烈度下,层间位移角均满足我国现行抗震规范要求。该体系在高烈度区也可具有良好的抗震性能。     

半刚性框架-屈曲约束钢板剪力墙结构振动台试验研究

为研究半刚性框架-钢板剪力墙结构的抗震性能,进行了1个缩尺比为1/3的单跨4层钢框架-屈曲约束钢板剪力墙的振动台试验。试验采用模拟地震动的方法,选取El Centro波、Taft波和一条人工合成波,分析在7度多遇至9度罕遇共计8个水平地震作用工况下结构的动力特性和动力响应。研究结果表明：在多遇地震作用下,结构无明显塑性变形;罕遇地震作用时,1、3层墙板大部分区格形成拉力带。随着地震激励的增大,结构刚度逐渐退化,9度罕遇地震输入后结构抗侧刚度最大降幅仅为12%;屈曲约束钢板墙作为第一道抗震设防防线,率先进入弹塑性工作阶段,吸收耗散地震能量,避免框架发生破坏;在多遇及罕遇地震作用下结构的层间位移角分别为1/476和1/68,均满足我国现行抗震规范对层间位移角限值的规定。结构整体表现出优异的抗震性能,满足我国“两阶段,三水准”抗震设防要求。     

多层高强钢组合Y形偏心支撑钢框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究高强钢组合Y形偏心支撑钢框架结构的抗震性能,进行了一个1∶2缩尺模型的三层结构试件的低周往复加载试验,从结构的承载能力、刚度退化、位移延性、耗能能力及破坏模式等方面评价了结构的抗震性能,试验采用三质点倒三角形比例加载。研究结果表明：高强钢组合Y形偏心支撑结构具有较高的承载能力、较好的位移延性和耗能能力,屈服强度较低的耗能连梁的弹塑性变形耗散了大部分地震能量,而高强钢非耗能构件基本处于弹性受力状态,保证了极限状态下结构的完整性。框架梁与耗能连梁连接节点处受力复杂、应力集中严重,加之楼板对框架梁的约束,该节点处变形较大,使得试件最终在此位置破坏。     

两边连接交叉加劲钢板剪力墙弹性屈曲分析

采用ANSYS有限元软件对两边连接交叉加劲钢板剪力墙进行了弹性屈曲分析,重点研究了加劲肋与墙板的刚度比、墙板高厚比、边长比以及加劲肋宽厚比对弹性屈曲系数的影响,并将分析结果与十字加劲板进行了比较.研究表明,交叉加劲肋能够显著提高钢板剪力墙的弹性屈曲荷载,其远大于十字加劲肋;随着墙板边长比和高厚比的增大,屈曲系数趋于减小;而较小的加劲肋宽厚比能使墙板获得较大的屈曲系数;最后给出了两边连接交叉加劲板弹性屈曲系数的计算公式.