Shear buckling strength and design of curved corrugated steel webs for bridges

This paper presents the shear buckling strength and design of curved corrugated steel webs for bridges considering material inelasticity. The inelastic buckling strength is determined from buckling curves based on the proposed shear buckling parameter, which is a function of the elastic shear buckling strength of steel web and the material shear yielding strength. A finite element analysis is carried out to study the geometric parameters affecting the shear buckling strength of curved corrugated steel webs for bridges. Based on the numerical results, a shear buckling parameter formula is proposed with no need to calculate either local, global, or interactive buckling parameters. But it depends on the geometric properties of the curved corrugated web profile. Another formula is presented to maximize the shear buckling capacity of curved corrugated web. The proposed formulae agreed well with the published experimental data. The curved corrugated webs produce a tremendous increase in the shear buckling strength and considerable weight saving in regard to the corresponding trapezoidal corrugated webs. The corrugation angle has a considerable effect on the behavior of curved corrugated webs, where higher corrugation angles produce a tremendous increase in the shear buckling strength of curved corrugated webs. It was found that the proposed approach provides a good prediction for the shear buckling strength of curved corrugated steel webs of bridges.     

Shear strength of trapezoidal corrugated steel webs

Shear strength of trapezoidal corrugated steel webs is an important issue for the design of box girder bridges with trapezoidal corrugated steel webs. Eight H-shape steel girders with trapezoidal corrugated webs are firstly tested to investigate the shear behavior of webs. An extensive parametric study based on the linear elastic buckling analysis is then conducted to derive the simplified formula for calculating the elastic shear buckling strength of trapezoidal corrugated steel webs considering three different shear buckling modes. The proposed formula can give more satisfactory results for predicting the elastic shear buckling strength than some available formulae provided in the literature when compared with the numerical results. Furthermore, the nonlinear buckling analysis is conducted to intensively investigate the shear strength associated with initial geometric imperfections, and the formulae of the shear strength are proposed. Good agreements can be observed between the results calculated using the proposed prediction formula in this paper and the experimental results, and a design formula is also recommended for the routine shear design of trapezoidal corrugated steel webs.     

波形钢腹板H型截面梁抗剪性能理论研究

在前人研究波形钢腹板H型截面梁抗剪承载力成果的基础上,总结归纳了2种形式波形钢腹板在局部屈曲、整体屈曲和合成屈曲3种情况下的临界应力计算公式,通过对不同计算公式的比较提出了推荐公式.利用大量的数值计算分析,分别找出影响2种波形钢腹板H型截面梁极限抗剪承载力的因素,并得出2种不同波形钢腹板H型截面梁极限抗剪承载力计算的等效转换条件.结合前人的试验数据和本文的数值计算结果,提出了剪切稳定系数的实用计算公式.结果表明:波形钢腹板H型截面梁的波高、平子面板宽度、波幅、波长应合理设置,过大或过小都将削弱钢梁的极限承载力;提出的剪切稳定系数的实用计算公式与数值分析结果和试验数据拟合较好,并且计算简便,便于实际工程设计应用.     

考虑腹板剪切变形的波形钢腹板组合箱梁剪力滞效应分析

在波形钢腹板组合箱梁中,剪力主要由波形钢腹板承担。由于波形钢腹板的抗剪刚度比混凝土腹板有较大程度的降低,波形钢腹板会产生较大的竖向剪切变形。为此,基于能量变分法建立了考虑腹板剪切变形的波形钢腹板组合箱梁剪力滞效应分析方法。通过试验对该理论分析方法进行验证,并基于该理论分析方法研究波形钢腹板剪切变形对剪力滞效应的影响。同时,基于该分析方法提出了采用影响线最不利加载方式进行相关规范中规定的汽车荷载作用下的波形钢腹板组合箱梁桥剪力滞效应分析。结果表明：考虑腹板剪切变形的分析方法与试验结果吻合度良好;波形钢腹板的剪切变形有利于减轻三跨连续梁正弯矩区的剪力滞效应,即考虑腹板剪切变形后翼缘有效宽度系数值更接近于1。     

波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁在玉春桥中的应用研究

针对一座波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁桥——玉春车行天桥,对其波形钢腹板和抗剪连接键的设计与构造进行了介绍,并对波形钢腹板和抗剪连接键的受力性能进行了计算分析,计算结果表明,在正常使用极限状态下,钢板的剪应力满足规范要求,且不会在钢板剪切屈服之前发生局部屈曲、整体屈曲或合成屈曲的破坏形式;剪力连接键的抗剪承载能力满足使用要求且具有较大的安全裕度。     

预应力钢梁与波纹板的叠加效应

利用在役混凝土结构和钢结构的优点开发多种类型的组合构件,以提高结构构件的延性和适用性。混合型钢梁为类型之一,采用预应力法对该钢梁进行研究。对现有的Ⅰ形钢梁施加预应力,但是由于截面轴向刚度较大,使得预应力效果很小。另外,如果使用波纹板,由于叠加效应,加在主要抗弯构件(上、下翼缘)上的预应力会被放大,因此,这不仅对构件的适用性,而且对提高其抗弯强度都是有利的。然而,之前有关施加预应力后对波纹板钢构件的大量研究重点都放在波纹板的剪切屈曲强度上,很少涉及波纹板和梁的叠加效应。因此,本研究提出两个合理的理论模型以定量评估叠加效应,通过在波纹板钢梁中施加预应力,对2根波纹板钢梁和1根具有标准宽翼缘截面的钢梁进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,与典型板钢梁相比,波纹板钢梁的预应力效应增加得更为显著,给出的方法被证实非常简单,并与试验结果吻合较好。     

Accordion effect of prestressed steel beams with corrugated webs

Various types of composite members have been developed to utilize the combined advantages of existing reinforced concrete and steel structures, and to actively improve ductility and serviceability of structural members. One of them is the hybrid-type steel beam, in which the prestressing method is applied to a steel beam. Introducing prestress to the existing I-shaped steel beam, however, results in a very low prestress efficiency due to the large axial stiffness of the section. On the other hand, if corrugated webs are used, the prestress introduced to the main flexural-resistant elements—the upper and lower flanges—gets larger due to the accordion effect, so that it is very advantageous not only in terms of serviceability, but also of achieving the improved flexural strength. Most previous studies on steel members with corrugated webs, however, have focused on the shear buckling strength of the corrugated webs, and few studies have been conducted on the accordion effect of the corrugated webbed beam to which prestress is introduced. Therefore, this research proposed two rational and theoretical models to quantitatively estimate the accordion effect, which is induced by the introduction of prestress to corrugated webbed steel beams, and performed experiments on two steel beams with corrugated webs and one with typical wide flange section. The experimental results showed that the prestressing efficiency of steel beams with corrugated webs increased more significantly than that of the steel beam with a typical web, and it is verified that the proposed methods are very simple and provide good agreements with the experimental results.     

Basic parametric study on corrugated web girders with cut outs

This paper presents a basic parametric study on steel girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs having cut outs. A finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of cut outs in corrugated webs. This FE-modelling is conceived in ANSYS because of the program’s significant capability to account for the web stresses and out-of-plane buckling failure modes. The Finite element model of corrugated web plates is calibrated with theoretical study and finally a parameter study with a scope of application of cut outs in girders with corrugated web plates is performed. This procedure includes the influence of web height, length of parallel part, depth of corrugation, web configuration, location of cut out and its diameter. The analytical study shows that the influence of geometry of corrugated sheets with cut outs on the load capacity and buckling behaviour of the girder can be significant. With the help of the finite element model, the eigenvalue buckling analysis is carried out for all parameter combinations. The local buckling coefficients and the accompanying failure mechanisms are determined for several heights of web and for a wide range of the horizontal eccentricity of the cut out. With the help of this numerical research, design specifications are recommended in line with Eurocode 3.     

波折腹板H形截面梁的有限元分析

波折钢腹板相对于平直钢腹板具有优异的抗屈曲性能和良好的局部稳定性.利用ANSYS有限元软件分别建立了波折腹板H形截面梁和平直腹板H形截面梁的有限元模型,通过对比总结分析两种梁在轴压力、弯矩和剪力作用下的截面应力分布情况的差异,得出波折腹板H形截面梁在轴压力和弯矩作用下由翼缘承担大部分荷载,在剪力作用下由腹板承担大部分荷载.得到的结果可以为相关结构设计提供一定的参考.     

Elastic interactive buckling strength of corrugated steel shear wall under pure shear force

Different ways have been presented to prevent elastic buckling of steel shear walls. One of these solutions is corrugated shear wall. In this type of wall, shear buckling strength increases without increasing the thickness of the panel. Numerical modeling results indicate that, always, shear buckling strength of corrugated panels is more than the flat panels and with the right choice of the geometric parameters of corrugated panels; without increasing the thickness of the panel, we can improve buckling strength significantly. In the trapezoidal corrugated panels, reducing the width of the subpanels do not always increase buckling strength of the panel, but it changes the panel buckling shape from the local buckling mode to the global buckling. In addition, in panels, with the low width of the subpanels, elastic buckling does not happen in the subpanels. Comparing numerical analysis with the theoretical relations showed that the results of numerical analysis with the relations that include local buckling, global buckling, and shear yielding stress, have a better approximation and in another word, interaction buckling is the combination of the local buckling, global buckling, and shear yielding stress.     

Shear behavior of partially encased composite I-girder with corrugated steel web: Numerical study

Shear behavior of partially encased composite I-girders with corrugated web has been investigated analytically and numerically in this paper. A 3-D finite element model with geometric and material nonlinearity is established and verified by the experiments. Subsequently, a parametric study is carried out to examine the effects of geometric and material properties on the shear behavior which includes corrugation, height, thickness, connection degree between steel web and concrete encasement. It is found that the ultimate shear strength of steel I-girders is improved with increases in the thickness, height and yield strength of corrugated web, while the ultimate shear strength of partially encased composite I-girders increases with the thickness, yield strength of corrugated web and the thickness, compressive strength of concrete encasement. However, the stud stiffness has little influence on the ultimate shear strength. Moreover, the concrete encasement improves the shear strength of steel I-girders, the degree of improvement increases with the thickness and compressive strength of the concrete, but decreases drastically with the thickness of corrugated web. Therefore, it is suggested that concrete should be poured on the corrugated web with thin thickness or low yield strength to prevent buckling occurrence before yielding of steel web. Finally, shear strength prediction equations are proposed and verified by numerical results. The calculated shear strength agree well with the numerical results for steel I-girders before and after composite with concrete, which indicates that the proposed analytical equations can be applied to predict the shear strength of such partially encased composite girders with corrugated web.     

波纹钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

提出一种新型钢板墙-波纹钢板剪力墙。设计了两个不同形式的波纹钢板剪力墙试件,采用低周往复加载试验,分析二者的破坏形式,对滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、刚度及耗能性能等性能进行了系统的研究。研究表明：两种波纹钢板剪力墙均具有较高的极限承载力及初始刚度;屈曲承载力较高,屈服位移较小,能够较快地进入塑性耗能;滞回曲线较为饱满,不易发生捏缩现象。与横向波纹钢板剪力墙相比,竖向波纹钢板剪力墙的滞回性能及屈服后承载力更加出色。结果表明,在合理的参数设计下,所提出的波纹钢板剪力墙承载力高、耗能性能较强,是一种极具前景的新型抗侧力构件及耗能构件。     

纯压圆弧形钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及设计方法

目前针对钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及承载力的研究较少,缺少相应的设计方法。提出了钢管桁架拱截面剪切刚度表达式,考虑剪切变形的影响推导了纯压两铰圆弧桁架拱屈曲荷载的简化计算公式以及换算长细比表达式。基于有限元方法,全面分析了截面高宽比、矢跨比、腹杆夹角及腹杆截面尺寸等不同参数对平面桁架拱和空间桁架拱弹性屈曲性能的影响,结果表明采用简化公式与有限元分析结果吻合良好。借鉴实腹拱和格构柱的稳定设计方法,采用大挠度弹塑性有限元法系统研究了平面及空间纯压桁架拱的相关稳定承载力,发现节间弦杆长细比与桁架拱整体长细比的比值是衡量局部稳定对整体稳定影响的关键参数,在此基础上提炼出纯压桁架拱的相关作用影响系数,并拟合得到了纯压桁架拱的稳定设计曲线,从而为一般荷载作用下压弯桁架拱的稳定承载力的设计奠定了基础。     

Elastic lateral-torsional buckling of tapered I-girder with corrugated webs

This paper deals with the elastic lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) strength of tapered I-girders with corrugated webs under two types of loading conditions: uniform moment and moment gradient with various end restraint conditions. A finite element (FE) program using beam elements is developed to study LTB behaviors. The results from this program are compared with those from the commercial software ABAQUS using shell elements. From the comparisons, it is found that the developed FE program’s results agree well with the results from ABAQUS. For design purpose, the closed-form equations for the critical buckling moment of the tapered I-girder with corrugated webs under uniform moment and moment gradient with four types of end restraint conditions: simply supported, warping fixed, lateral bending fixed, and completely fixed are proposed based on the results from the developed FE program. From the numerical investigations, the new design equations give reasonably accurate results. These equations increase efficiency in bridges and buildings design.     

单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变分析及试验研究

为研究单箱三室波形钢腹板箱梁悬臂状态下的扭转与畸变性能,以乌曼斯基第二理论和箱梁理论为基础,考虑了波形钢腹板的褶皱效应对箱梁纵向刚度的影响,推导了单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变微分方程,并采用初参数法及弹性地基梁比拟法求解了约束扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力和剪应力计算式。通过1片单箱三室波形钢腹板双悬臂梁进行了偏载和对称加载试验,验证了扭转与畸变翘曲应力计算公式的正确性。最后,利用推导的理论模型,分析了梁高、箱室宽度及波形钢腹板厚度等参数对偏载作用下单箱三室波形钢腹板组合箱梁截面翘曲应力的影响。研究结果表明：提出的理论计算公式可用于准确计算单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂梁扭转与畸变效应;悬臂梁翘曲正应力主要由畸变变形引起,而约束扭转主要产生翘曲剪应力,且悬臂梁扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力值和剪应力值与弯曲正应力和剪应力的比值较大,因此,单箱三室波形钢腹板悬臂状态下扭转和畸变产生的翘曲正应力和剪应力不可忽略;梁高和箱室宽度对单箱三室波形钢腹板的翘曲应力影响较为显著,波形钢腹板厚度对其几乎没影响。     

Shear capacity of connect construction between corrugated steel web and concrete lower slab

为改善波形腹板与底板连接构造混凝土浇筑质量与耐久性能,提出翼缘钢板下移至混凝土板底面,开孔板连接件垂直焊接于波形钢板并贯穿钢筋的下包型连接构造。通过设计具有不同开孔板厚度、形状及焊接宽度等参数的连接构造试件,开展标准推出试验,研究其受剪承载力、抗剪刚度、剪切破坏模式以及相对滑移特征。在试验研究的基础上,考虑钢材理想弹塑性、混凝土塑性模型以及钢-混凝土界面非线性接触,建立适用连接构造受剪分析的精细有限元模型,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。通过验证的有限元模型进行参数分析,结果表明,增加开孔钢板的厚度和混凝土的抗压强度可有效提高受剪承载力。最后,基于模型试验与有限元参数分析结果,提出布置开孔板连接的下包型构造受剪承载力的计算式,可对开孔钢板连接面外受剪承载力进行较为准确地预测。     

Numerical investigation of inelastic buckling of steel–concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons

The ultimate resistance of a continuous composite beam is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode of the two which is sharply different from the torsional buckling mode in a bare steel beam. A finite element model is developed and based on the proposed FE model, inelastic finite element analysis of composite beams in negative bending is investigated, considering the initial geometric imperfection and the residual stress patterns and the FE results are found agree well with the test results. Parametrical analysis is carried out on the prestressed composite beams with external tendons in negative bending. Factors that influence load carrying performance and buckling moment resistance of prestressed composite beams are analyzed, such as initial geometric imperfection, residual stress in steel beams, force ratio, which is defined as the extent of prestressing force and negative reinforcement in the beams, as well as the slenderness ratios of web, flange, and beams. By varying cross-section parameters, 25 groups of composite beams under negative uniform bending with initial geometric imperfection, residual stress as well as different force ratios, 200 beams in total are studied by means of the FE method. The computed buckling moment ratios are drawn against the modified slenderness proposed by the authors and compared with the Chinese Codified steel column design curve. It is demonstrated that the tentative design method based on the Chinese Codified design curve can be used in assessment of buckling strength of composite beams in a term of the modified slenderness defined.     

Shear buckling characteristics of cold-formed steel channel beams

Cold-formed steel members are increasingly used as primary structural elements in the building industries around the world due to the availability of thin and high strength steels and advanced cold-forming technologies. Cold-formed lipped channel beams (LCB) are commonly used as flexural members such as floor joists and bearers. However, their shear capacities are determined based on conservative design rules. For the shear design of LCB web panels, their elastic shear buckling strength must be determined accurately including the potential post-buckling strength. Currently the elastic shear buckling coefficients of LCB web panels are determined by assuming conservatively that the web panels are simply supported at the junction between their flange and web elements. Hence finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the elastic shear buckling behavior of LCBs. An improved equation for the higher elastic shear buckling coefficient of LCBs was proposed based on finite element analysis results and included in the ultimate shear capacity equations of the North American cold-formed steel codes. Finite element analyses show that relatively short span LCBs without flange restraints are subjected to a new combined shear and flange distortion action due to the unbalanced shear flow. They also show that significant post-buckling strength is available for LCBs subjected to shear. New equations were also proposed in which post-buckling strength of LCBs was included.     

Out-of-plane strength design of spatially trussed arches with a rectangular lattice section

Although several studies of the out-of-plane strength and design of steel arches with a solid web section have been reported, little research of the out-of-plane strength and design of spatially trussed arches has been reported in the open literature or design codes. In deference to the steel arch with a solid web section, the shear deformations play important parts in the out-of-plane inelastic buckling behavior of spatially trussed arches. In addition, global out-of-plane inelastic buckling of a spatially trussed arch is associated with local buckling of its components such as chord and diagonal web tubes and hence local component buckling influences the out-of-plane strength of the arch. This paper investigates the out-of-plane inelastic strength and design of spatially trussed circular arches with a rectangular lattice section under general loading using a three-dimensional nonlinear inelastic numerical approach. Methods for the out-of-plane inelastic strength and design of spatially trussed arches under uniform compression or under uniform bending are developed, based on which interaction equations for the design of spatially trussed steel arches under general loading against their out-plane failure are proposed. These interaction equations provide good lower bounds for the out-of-plane strength of spatially trussed arches.     

Shear strength of trapezoidal corrugated steel webs

Corrugated webs are used to increase the shear stability of the steel webs of beams and girders and to eliminate the need for transverse stiffeners. This paper focuses on the shear strength of corrugated steel webs with trapezoidal corrugations. Previously developed formulas for predicting the shear strength of steel trapezoidal corrugated webs, along with the corresponding theory, are summarized. A new formula is developed, which considers interaction among the various shear failure modes. More than 100 test results from previous research are organized and evaluated according to relevant test specimen parameters. The conditions of many of these tests are found to be inconsistent with the theoretical conditions assumed in deriving the shear strength formulas. The various formulas for predicting shear strength are then compared with selected test results. The new formula is shown to be more accurate than previous formulas for estimating the shear strength of corrugated steel webs.